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Welcome to WikiChristian! God bless you. Koine Greek: NounsFrom WikiChristian
LessonA noun, in basic terms, is a word that is a thing or an object or a concept. Examples include words like book (Βιβλιον) which is a thing or an object, and love (Αγαπη) which is a abstract concept or an idea. Function of nouns in a sentenceUnlike English, in Koine Greek, nouns decline, that is, they undergo changes in their form depending upon their use in a sentence. In Greek, nouns are classified as one of the following
Nouns can also be related to a preposition Nominative CaseSubjects of a verb Accusative CaseObjects of a verb A noun is the object of a verb if the verb acts on that noun. For example, in the sentence "I read a book" the object is "a book" In Greek, the noun is modified when it acts as the object. The noun is usually placed in the accusative case. Other uses of the Accusative Case
Dative CaseIndirect objects Nouns that act as the indirect object are placed in the dative case in Greek. Other uses of the Dative Case
Genitive CaseQualifying If a noun qualifies or possesses another noun, it is in the genitive case. In English, a noun is shown to be genitive by adding 's, for example: "the man's house" Other uses of the Genitive Case
Definite and Indefinite ArticlesAbstract nounsDeclensionsFirst Declension Feminine Nouns Second Declension Masculine Nouns Second Declension Neuter Nouns Third Declension Feminine and Masculine Nouns Third Declension Nouns are those that are not First or Second Declension. There are numerous third declension forms. Variable-ος Form Various irregular forms exist, however most feminine and masculine nouns follow the same standard pattern with a variable nominative case. The stem of the noun is seen in the genitive case, not the nominative case. The paradigm is as follows: variable ος ι α ες ων σι ας For example the feminie noun ελπις (hope) declines as follows
In the plural dative form of these nouns the stem is sometimes modified
For example the dative plural of ελπις is ελπισι and not ελπιδσι ις-εως Form ευς-εως Form υς-ους Form Third Declension Neuter Nouns Third Declension Nouns are those that are not First or Second Declension. Various irregular forms exist, however most neuter nouns follow one of two standard patterns. The first main group consists of those like σωμα (body) that end in an α. The paradigm is as follows: α ατος ατι α ατα ατων ασι ατα For example, σωμα (body) declines like this
The second main group consists of those like σκοτος (darkness) that end in ος. The paradigm is as follows: ος ους ει ος η ων εσι η For example, σκοτος (darkness) declines like this:
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