administrator, Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, editor, emailconfirmed, Administrators
11,540
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
''Synopsis:'' {{Infobox_Contents |topic_name = The Perfect Tense is a tense of verbs in Koine Greek|subtopics = ... |opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} |}} ==Lesson==
----__TOC__{{topics}}The Perfect Tense is a tense of verbs in Koine Greek.
==Main article== The As a general rule Perfect Tense is a verbs should be translated using past tense of English verbs in Koine Greekpreceded using the word "have" or "had" (for example: '''λελυκα''' = '''I have destroyed'''). It This is in contrast to Aorist verbs, which should usually used to show that a be translated using the simple past event has occurred with present ongoing consequences. For tense (for example: '''ελυσα''' = '''I destroyed''') and Imperfect verbs, [[λελυκεν]] is which should usually be translated as using the past tense of "he has destroyedto be"plus a participle (for example: '''ελυον''' = '''I was destroying'''). In most cases, the perfect form of a verb is created by adding a reduplication prefix (as shown below) and added to the verbal stem, followed by a specific ending.
Greek:Verbs - Perfect Tense moved to Koine Greek:Verbs - Perfect Tense: To get out of Greek Bible Namespace
It is usually used to show that a past event has occurred with present ongoing consequences. For example:* [[λελυκεν]] is translated as "he has destroyed* In [[John 11:27]], '''πεπιστευκα''' could be translated as '''I have believed, and still continue to believe''':''{{opinionsBible verse|john|11|27|lang=Greek}}'':''{{Bible verse|john|11|27|lang=WEB}}''
===Forming the Perfect Active Indicative===
====Reduplication====
A verb in the perfect tense begins with a prefix that is formed by taking the first letter of the verb (for example: λ in [[λυω]], and adding an ε). Hence the reduplication prefix for λυω is λε and the reduplication prefix for [[γραφω]] is γε.
There are numerous exceptions to this rule.
For many (but not all) verbs starting with σ, the reduplication is a single ε. This is not called an augment.
For verbs starting with a vowel, the vowel lengthens, rather than reduplication occurring.
* α -> η
* ε -> η
* ο -> ω
* αι -> η
* ει -> η
* οι -> ω
* αυ -> ηυ
* ευ -> ηυ
Some verbs are irregular.
Following the stem of the vowel is a κ which is then followed by the specific ending. Hence, a perfect active verb can be recognized by the presence of reduplication and a κ.
For [[Koine Greek: Contract Verbs - Contract|contract verbs]] (εω, αω and οω verbs) the final vowel undergoes a lengthening prior to the κ+ending being added - α becomes η, ε becomes η and ο becomes ω
Verbs ending with '''τ''' or '''θ''' or '''δ''' or '''ζ''' drop the last letter before adding the κ
===Passive Forms===
====Perfect Passive (Or Middle) Indicative=====
====Perfect Passive Infinitive====
==Links==
{{returnto}} [[Koine Greek]] [[Category:Koine Greek]][[Category:Koine Greek: Verbs]]
