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Under the rule of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, Christians were considered essentially respected, but limited in traditional activities.
In this setting, Christian leadership in Constantinople was allowed to carry on administration functions for Eastern Orthodox churches within the Ottoman Empire. The faith was allowed to continue. To make an analogy, it would if an Islamic empire took over Italy, but the pope and the Roman Catholic Church was still allowed to carry on general administration functions for churches within the empire.[4]
====National Patriarchates====
The following national churches are part of the Eastern Orthodox Church:[6]
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Georgian Orthodox Church
Serbian Orthodox Church
[[Russian Orthodox Church]]
[[Romanian Orthodox Church]]
Despite the Ottoman Empire ruling over Constantinople and what was the Byzantium Empire, other Eastern Orthodox Churches like the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] was not under the rule of an Islamic empire. Various empires rose and fell over 2,000 years. With the various national churches functioning in the language of their nation, the risk of all Orthodox Churches being ruled by a oppressive empire at the same time is minimized.
====The Present Time====
The Eastern Orthodox survived through adversity. In the process, it created 2000 years of religious heritage.
In 2019, UNESCO inscribed the Byzantine chant in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[67]
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_music#
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Autocephalous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches [7]https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/byzantine-chant-01508
