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{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Revelation |
subtopics = [[Apostle John|John]]
* [[Eschatology]] |
subtopics = [[Apostle Paul]], [[Text:EBD:Revelation|Revelation]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Revelation, Book of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Revelation]] |
}}
Read the Book of [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Revelation 1|1]]
[[Revelation 2|2]]
[[Revelation 3|3]]
[[Revelation 4|4]]
[[Revelation 5|5]]
[[Revelation 6|6]]
[[Revelation 7|7]]
[[Revelation 8|8]]
[[Revelation 9|9]]
[[Revelation 10|10]]
[[Revelation 11|11]]
[[Revelation 12|12]]
[[Revelation 13|13]]
[[Revelation 14|14]]
[[Revelation 15|15]]
[[Revelation 16|16]]
[[Revelation 17|17]]
[[Revelation 18|18]]
[[Revelation 19|19]]
[[Revelation 20|20]]
[[Revelation 21|21]]
[[Revelation 22|22]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 22|22]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Book of Revelation]]'''
The Book of the Revelation of St. John consists of two principal divisions. 1. Relates to "the things which are," that is, the then present state of the [[church]], and contains the epistle of John to the seven [[church]]es, and his account of the appearance of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and his direction to the apostle to write what he beheld, ch. 1:9-20. Also the addresses or epistles to seven [[church]]es of Asia. These, doubtless, had reference to the state of the respective [[church]]es, as they then existed, but contain excellent precepts and exhortations, commendations and reproofs, promises and threatenings, suitable to instruct the [[Christian]] [[church]] at all times. 2. Contains a prophecy of "the things which shall be hereafter," and describes the future state of the [[church]], from the time when the apostle beheld the visions here recorded. It is intended for our spiritual improvement; to warn the careless sinner, point out the way of [[salvation]] to the awakened inquirer, build up the weak [[believer]], comfort the afflicted and tempted [[Christian]], and, we may especially add, to strengthen the martyr of [[Christ]], under the cruel persecutions and sufferings inflicted by [[Satan]] and his followers.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Divine]] origin, the design, and the importance of this book.
(1-3)
The apostle John salutes the seven [[church]]es of Asia.
(4-8)
Declares when, where, and how, the revelation was made to him.
(9-11)
His vision, in which he saw [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appear.
(12-20)
'''Verses''' 1-3
This book is the Revelation of [[Jesus]] Christ; the whole [[Bible]] is so; for all revelation comes through [[Christ]], and all relates to him. Its principal subject is to discover the purposes of [[God]] concerning the affairs of the [[church]], and of the nations as connected therewith, to the end of the world. These events would surely come to pass; and they would begin to come to pass very shortly. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is himself [[God]], and has light and life in himself, yet, as Mediator between [[God]] and man, he receives instructions from the Father. To him we owe the knowledge of what we are to expect from [[God]], and what he expects from us. The subject of this revelation was, the things that must shortly come to pass. On all who read or hear the words of the prophecy, a blessing is pronounced. Those are well employed who search the [[Bible]]. It is not enough that we read and hear, but we must keep the things that are written, in our memories, in our minds, in our affections, and in practice, and we shall be blessed in the deed. Even the mysteries and difficulties of this book are united with discoveries of [[God]], suited to impress the mind with awe, and to purify the soul of the reader, though he may not discern the prophetic meaning. No part of Scripture more fully states the [[gospel]], and warns against the evil of sin.
'''Verses''' 4-8
There can be no true [[peace]], where there is not true grace; and where [[grace]] goeth before, [[peace]] will follow. This blessing is in the name of [[God]], of the Holy Trinity, it is an act of adoration. The Father is first named; he is described as the [[Jehovah]] who is, and who was, and who is to come, eternal, unchangeable. The [[Holy Spirit]] is called the seven spirits, the perfect [[Spirit]] of [[God]], in whom there is a diversity of gifts and operations. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] was from eternity, a Witness to all the counsels of [[God]]. He is the First-born from the dead, who will by his own power raise up his people. He is the Prince of the kings of the earth; by him their counsels are overruled, and to him they are accountable. Sin leaves a stain of guilt and pollution upon the soul. Nothing can fetch out this stain but the blood of Christ; and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shed his own blood to satisfy [[Divine]] justice, and purchase [[pardon]] and purity for his people. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has made [[believer]]s kings and priests to [[God]] and his Father. As such they overcome the world, mortify [[sin]], govern their own spirits, resist [[Satan]], prevail with [[God]] in [[prayer]], and shall judge the world. He has made them priests, given them access to [[God]], enabled them to offer spiritual and acceptable sacrifices, and for these favours they are bound to ascribe to him dominion and [[glory]] for ever. He will judge the world. Attention is called to that great day when all will see the wisdom and happiness of the friends of [[Christ]], and the madness and misery of his enemies. Let us think frequently upon the second coming of [[Christ]]. He shall come, to the terror of those who wound and crucify him by apostacy: he shall come, to the astonishment of the whole [[world]] of the ungodly. He is the Beginning and the End; all things are from him and for him; he is the Almighty; the same eternal and unchanged One. And if we would be numbered with his saints in [[glory]] everlasting, we must now willing submit to him receive him, and honour him as a saviour, who we believe will come to be our Judge. Alas, that there should be many, who would wish never to die, and that there should not be a day of judgment!
'''Verses''' 9-11
It was the apostle's comfort that he did not suffer as an evil-doer, but for the testimony of [[Jesus]], for bearing witness to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as the Immanuel, the [[Saviour]]; and the [[Spirit]] of [[glory]] and of [[God]] rested upon this persecuted apostle. The day and time when he had this vision was the [[Lord]]'s day, the [[Christian]] sabbath, the first day of the week, observed in remembrance of the resurrection of [[Christ]]. Let us who call him "Our [[Lord]]," honour him on his own day. The name shows how this sacred day should be observed; the [[Lord]]'s day should be wholly devoted to the [[Lord]], and none of its hours employed in a sensual, worldly manner, or in amusements. He was in a serious, heavenly, spiritual frame, under the gracious influences of the [[Spirit]] of [[God]]. Those who would enjoy communion with [[God]] on the [[Lord]]'s day, must seek to draw their thoughts and affections from earthly things. And if [[believer]]s are kept on the [[Lord]]'s holy day, from public ordinances and the communion of saints, by necessity and not by choice, they may look for comfort in meditation and secret duties, from the influences of the [[Spirit]]; and by hearing the voice and contemplating the [[glory]] of their beloved [[Saviour]], from whose gracious words and power no confinement or outward circumstances can separate them. An alarm was given as with the sound of the trumpet, and then the apostle heard the voice of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 12-20
The [[church]]es receive their light from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and the [[gospel]], and hold it forth to others. They are golden candlesticks; they should be precious and pure; not only the ministers, but the members of the [[church]]es; their light should so shine before men, as to engage others to give [[glory]] to [[God]]. And the apostle saw as though of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appeared in the midst of the golden candlesticks. He is with his [[church]]es always, to the end of the world, filling them with light, and life, and love. He was clothed with a robe down to the feet, perhaps representing his righteousness and priesthood, as Mediator. This vest was girt with a golden girdle, which may denote how precious are his [[love]] and affection for his people. His head and hairs white like wool and as snow, may signify his majesty, purity, and eternity. His eyes as a flame of fire, may represent his knowledge of the secrets of all hearts, and of the most distant events. His feet like fine brass burning in a furnace, may denote the firmness of his appointments, and the excellence of his proceedings. His voice as the sound of many waters, may represent the power of his word, to remove or to destroy. The seven stars were emblems of the ministers of the seven [[church]]es to which the apostle was ordered to write, and whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upheld and directed. The sword represented his justice, and his word, piercing to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, Heb 4:12. His countenance was like the sun, when it shines clearly and powerfully; its strength too bright and dazzling for mortal eyes to behold. The apostle was overpowered with the greatness of the lustre and [[glory]] in which Christ appeared. We may well be contented to walk by faith, while here upon earth. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] spake words of comfort; Fear not. Words of instruction; telling who thus appeared. And his [[Divine]] nature; the First and the Last. His former sufferings; I was dead: the very same whom his disciples saw upon the cross. His resurrection and life; I have conquered death, and am partaker of endless life. His office and authority; sovereign dominion in and over the invisible world, as the Judge of all, from whose sentence there is no appeal. Let us listen to the voice of [[Christ]], and receive the tokens of his love, for what can he withhold from those for whose sins he has died? May we then obey his word, and give up ourselves wholly to him who directs all things aright.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
Epistles to the [[church]]es in Asia, with warnings and encouragements, To the [[church]] at Ephesus;
(1-7)
at Smyrna;
(8-11)
at Pergamos;
(12-17)
and at Thyatira.
(18-29)
'''Verses''' 1-7
These [[church]]es were in such different states as to purity of doctrine and the power of [[godliness]], that the words of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to them will always suit the cases of other [[church]]es, and professors. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knows and observes their state; though in heaven, yet he walks in the midst of his [[church]]es on earth, observing what is wrong in them, and what they want. The [[church]] of Ephesus is commended for diligence in duty. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] keeps an account of every hour's work his servants do for him, and their labour shall not be in vain in the [[Lord]]. But it is not enough that we are diligent; there must be bearing patience, and there must be waiting patience. And though we must show all meekness to all men, yet we must show just zeal against their sins. The [[sin]] [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] charged this [[church]] with, is, not the having left and forsaken the object of love, but having lost the fervent degree of it that at first appeared. Christ is displeased with his people, when he sees them grow remiss and cold toward him. Surely this mention in Scripture, of [[Christians]] forsaking their first love, reproves those who speak of it with carelessness, and thus try to excuse indifference and sloth in themselves and others; our [[Saviour]] considers this indifference as sinful. They must repent: they must be grieved and ashamed for their sinful declining, and humbly confess it in the sight of [[God]]. They must endeavour to recover their first zeal, tenderness, and seriousness, and must pray as earnestly, and watch as diligently, as when they first set out in the ways of [[God]]. If the presence of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] and [[Spirit]] is slighted, we may expect the presence of his displeasure. Encouraging mention is made of what was good among them. Indifference as to truth and error, good and evil, may be called charity and meekness, but it is not so; and it is displeasing to [[Christ]]. The [[Christian]] life is a warfare against [[sin]], [[Satan]], the world, and the flesh. We must never yield to our spiritual enemies, and then we shall have a glorious triumph and reward. All who persevere, shall derive from [[Christ]], as the Tree of life, perfection and confirmation in [[holiness]] and happiness, not in the earthly paradise, but in the heavenly. This is a figurative expression, taken from the account of the garden of [[Eden]], denoting the pure, satisfactory, and eternal joys of heaven; and the looking forward to them in this world, by faith, communion with [[Christ]], and the consolations of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Believers, take your wrestling life here, and expect and look for a quiet life hereafter; but not till then: the word of [[God]] never promises quietness and complete freedom from conflict here.
'''Verses''' 8-11
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the First, for by him were all things made; he was before all things, with [[God]], and is [[God]] himself. He is the Last, for he will be the Judge of all. As this First and Last, who was dead and is alive, is the [[believer]]'s Brother and Friend, he must be rich in the deepest poverty, honourable amidst the lowest abasement, and happy under the heaviest tribulation, like the [[church]] of Smyrna. Many who are rich as to this world, are poor as to the next; and some who are poor outwardly, are inwardly rich; rich in faith, in good works, rich in privileges, rich in gifts, rich in hope. Where there is spiritual plenty, outward poverty may be well borne; and when [[God]]'s people are made poor as to this life, for the sake of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and a good conscience, he makes all up to them in spiritual riches. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] arms against coming troubles. Fear none of these things; not only forbid slavish fear, but subdue it, furnishing the soul with strength and courage. It should be to try them, not to destroy them. Observe, the sureness of the reward; "I will give thee:" they shall have the reward from [[Christ]]'s own hand. Also, how suitable it is; "a crown of life:" the life worn out in his service, or laid down in his cause, shall be rewarded with a much better life, which shall be eternal. The second [[death]] is unspeakably worse than the first death, both in the agonies of it, and as it is eternal death: it is indeed awful to die, and to be always dying. If a man is kept from the second [[death]] and wrath to come, he may patiently endure whatever he meets with in this world.
'''Verses''' 12-17
The word of [[God]] is a sword, able to slay both [[sin]] and sinners. It turns and cuts every way; but the [[believer]] need not [[fear]] this sword; yet this confidence cannot be supported without steady obedience. As our [[Lord]] notices all the advantages and opportunities we have for duty in the places where we dwell, so he notices our [[temptations]] and discouragements from the same causes. In a situation of trials, the [[church]] of Pergamos had not denied the faith, either by open apostacy, or by giving way so as to avoid the cross. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commends their stedfastness, but reproves their sinful failures. A wrong view of [[gospel]] doctrine and [[Christian]] liberty, was a root of bitterness from which evil practices grew. [[Repentance]] is the duty of [[church]]es and bodies of men, as well as of particular persons; those who sin together, should repent together. Here is the promise of favour to those that overcome. The influences and comforts of the [[Spirit]] of [[Christ]], come down from heaven into the soul, for its support. This is hidden from the rest of the world. The new name is the name of adoption; when the [[Holy Spirit]] shows his own work in the [[believer]]'s soul, this new name and its real import are understood by him.
'''Verses''' 18-29
Even when the [[Lord]] knows the works of his people to be wrought in love, faith, zeal, and patience; yet if his eyes, which are as a flame of fire, observe them committing or allowing what is evil, he will rebuke, correct, or punish them. Here is praise of the ministry and people of Thyatira, by One who knew the principles from which they acted. They grew wiser and better. All [[Christians]] should earnestly desire that their last works may be their best works. Yet this [[church]] connived at some wicked seducers. [[God]] is known by the judgments he executes; and by this upon seducers, he shows his certain knowledge of the hearts of men, of their principles, designs, frame, and temper. Encouragement is given to those who kept themselves pure and undefiled. It is dangerous to despise the mystery of [[God]], and as dangerous to receive the mysteries of [[Satan]]. Let us beware of the depths of [[Satan]], of which those who know the least are the most happy. How tender [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is of his faithful servants! He lays nothing upon his servants but what is for their good. There is promise of an ample reward to the persevering, victorious [[believer]]; also knowledge and wisdom, suitable to their power and dominion. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] brings day with him into the soul, the light of [[grace]] and of glory, in the presence and enjoyment of him their [[Lord]] and [[Saviour]]. After every victory let us follow up our advantage against the enemy, that we may overcome and keep the works of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to the end.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
Epistles to the [[church]] at Sardis;
(1-6)
at Philadelphia;
(7-13)
and Laodicea.
(14-22)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is He that hath the [[Holy Spirit]] with all his powers, graces, and operations. Hypocrisy, and lamentable decay in [[religion]], are sins charged upon Sardis, by One who knew that [[church]] well, and all her works. Outward things appeared well to men, but there was only the form of [[godliness]], not the power; a name to live, not a principle of life. There was great deadness in their souls, and in their services; numbers were wholly hypocrites, others were in a disordered and lifeless state. Our [[Lord]] called upon them to be watchful against their enemies, and to be active and earnest in their duties; and to endeavour, in dependence on the [[grace]] of the [[Holy Spirit]], to revive and strengthen the [[faith]] and spiritual affections of those yet alive to [[God]], though in a declining state. Whenever we are off our watch, we lose ground. Thy works are hollow and empty; [[prayer]]s are not filled up with holy desires, alms-deeds not filled up with true charity, sabbaths not filled up with suitable devotion of soul to [[God]]. There are not inward affections suitable to outward acts and expressions; when the spirit is wanting, the form cannot long remain. In seeking a revival in our own souls, or the souls of others, it is needful to compare what we profess with the manner in which we go on, that we may be humbled and quickened to hold fast that which remains. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] enforces his counsel with a dreadful threatening if it should be despised. Yet our blessed [[Lord]] does not leave this sinful people without some encouragement. He makes honourable mention of the faithful remnant in Sardis, he makes a gracious promise to them. He that overcometh shall be clothed in white raiment; the purity of [[grace]] shall be rewarded with the perfect purity of glory. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has his book of life, a register of all who shall inherit [[eternal life]]; the book of remembrance of all who live to [[God]], and keep up the life and power of [[godliness]] in evil times. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will bring forward this book of life, and show the names of the faithful, before [[God]], and all the angels, at the great day.
'''Verses''' 7-13
The same [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] has the key of government and authority in and over the [[church]]. He opens a door of opportunity to his [[church]]es; he opens a door of utterance to his ministers; he opens a door of entrance, opens the heart. He shuts the door of heaven against the foolish, who sleep away their day of grace; and against the workers of iniquity, how vain and confident soever they may be. The [[church]] in Philadelphia is commended; yet with a gentle reproof. Although [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] accepts a little strength, yet [[believer]]s must not rest satisfied in a little, but strive to grow in grace, to be strong in faith, giving [[glory]] to [[God]]. Christ can discover this his favour to his people, so that their enemies shall be forced to acknowledge it. This, by the [[grace]] of [[Christ]], will soften their enemies, and make them desire to be admitted into communion with his people. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promises preserving [[grace]] in the most trying times, as the reward of past faithfulness; To him that hath shall be given. Those who keep the [[gospel]] in a time of [[peace]], shall be kept by Christ in an hour of temptation; and the same [[Divine]] [[grace]] that has made them fruitful in times of [[peace]], will make them faithful in times of persecution. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promises a glorious reward to the victorious [[believer]]. He shall be a monumental pillar in the [[temple]] of [[God]]; a monument of the free and powerful [[grace]] of [[God]]; a monument that shall never be defaced or removed. On this pillar shall be written the new name of Christ; by this will appear, under whom the [[believer]] fought the good fight, and came off victorious.
'''Verses''' 14-22
Laodicea was the last and worst of the seven [[church]]es of Asia. Here our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] styles himself, "The [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]];" one steady and unchangeable in all his purposes and promises. If [[religion]] is worth anything, it is worth every thing. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] expects men should be in earnest. How many professors of [[gospel]] doctrine are neither hot nor cold; except as they are indifferent in needful matters, and hot and fiery in disputes about things of lesser moment! A severe punishment is threatened. They would give a false opinion of [[Christianity]], as if it were an unholy [[religion]]; while others would conclude it could afford no real satisfaction, otherwise its professors would not have been heartless in it, or so ready to seek pleasure or happiness from the world. One cause of this indifference and inconsistency in [[religion]] is, self-conceit and self-delusion; "Because thou sayest." What a difference between their thoughts of themselves, and the thoughts [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had of them! How careful should we be not to cheat our owns souls! There are many in hell, who once thought themselves far in the way to heaven. Let us beg of [[God]] that we may not be left to flatter and deceive ourselves. Professors grow proud, as they become carnal and formal. Their state was wretched in itself. They were poor; really poor, when they said and thought they were rich. They could not see their state, nor their way, nor their danger, yet they thought they saw it. They had not the garment of justification, nor sanctification: they were exposed to sin and shame; their rags that would defile them. They were naked, without house or harbour, for they were without [[God]], in whom alone the soul of man can find rest and safety. Good counsel was given by [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to this sinful people. Happy those who take his counsel, for all others must perish in their sins. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] lets them know where they might have true riches, and how they might have them. Some things must be parted with, but nothing valuable; and it is only to make room for receiving true riches. Part with [[sin]] and self-confidence, that you may be filled with his hidden treasure. They must receive from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the white raiment he purchased and provided for them; his own imputed righteousness for justification, and the garments of [[holiness]] and sanctification. Let them give themselves up to his word and Spirit, and their eyes shall be opened to see their way and their end. Let us examine ourselves by the rule of his word, and pray earnestly for the teaching of his Holy Spirit, to take away our pride, prejudices, and worldly lusts. Sinners ought to take the rebukes of [[God]]'s word and rod, as tokens of his love to their souls. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stood without; knocking, by the dealings of his providence, the warnings and teaching of his word, and the influences of his Spirit. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] still graciously, by his word and Spirit, comes to the door of the hearts of sinners. Those who open to him shall enjoy his presence. If what he finds would make but a poor feast, what he brings will supply a rich one. He will give fresh supplies of graces and comforts. In the conclusion is a promise to the overcoming [[believer]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself had [[temptations]] and conflicts; he overcame them all, and was more than a conqueror. Those made like to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in his trials, shall be made like to him in glory. All is closed with the general demand of attention. And these counsels, while suited to the [[church]]es to which they were addressed, are deeply interesting to all men.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
A vision of [[God]], as on his glorious throne, around which were twenty-four elders and four living creatures.
(1-8)
Whose songs, and those of the holy angels, the apostle heard.
(9-11)
'''Verses''' 1-8
After the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] had instructed the apostle to write to the [[church]]es "the things that are," there was another vision. The apostle saw a throne set in heaven, an emblem of the universal dominion of [[Jehovah]]. He saw a glorious One upon the throne, not described by human features, so as to be represented by a likeness or image, but only by his surpassing brightness. These seem emblems of the excellence of the [[Divine]] nature, and of [[God]]'s awful justice. The rainbow is a fit emblem of that covenant of promise which [[God]] has made with [[Christ]], as the Head of the [[church]], and with all his people in him. The prevailing colour was a pleasant green, showing the reviving and refreshing nature of the new covenant. Four-and-twenty seats around the throne, were filled with four-and-twenty elders, representing, probably, the whole [[church]] of [[God]]. Their sitting denotes honour, rest, and satisfaction; their sitting about the throne signifies nearness to [[God]], the sight and enjoyment they have of him. They were clothed in white raiment; the imputed righteousness of the saints and their [[holiness]]: they had on their heads crowns of gold, signifying the [[glory]] they have with him. Lightnings and voices came from the throne; the awful declarations [[God]] makes to his [[church]], of his sovereign will and pleasure. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne; the gifts, graces, and operations of the [[Spirit]] of [[God]] in the [[church]]es of [[Christ]], dispensed according to the will and pleasure of Him who sits upon the throne. In the [[gospel]] [[church]], the laver for purification is the blood of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], which cleanses from all sin. In this all must be washed, to be admitted into the gracious presence of [[God]] on earth, and his glorious presence in heaven. The apostle saw four living creatures, between the throne and the circle of the elders, standing between [[God]] and the people. These seem to signify the true ministers of the [[gospel]], because of their place between [[God]] and the people. This also is shown by the description given, denoting wisdom, courage, diligence, and discretion, and the affections by which they mount up toward heaven.
'''Verses''' 9-11
All true [[believer]]s wholly ascribe their redemption and conversion, their present privileges and future hopes, to the eternal and most holy [[God]]. Thus rise the for-ever harmonious, thankful songs of the redeemed in heaven. Would we on earth do like them, let our praises be constant, not interrupted; united, not divided; thankful, not cold and formal; humble, not self-confident.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
A book sealed with seven seals, which could be opened by none but [[Christ]], who took the book to open it.
(1-7)
Upon which all honour is ascribed to him, as worthy to open it.
(8-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The apostle saw in the hand of Him that sat upon the throne, a roll of parchments in the form usual in those times, and sealed with seven seals. This represented the secret purposes of [[God]] about to be revealed. The designs and methods of [[Divine]] Providence, toward the [[church]] and the world, are stated, fixed, and made a matter of record. The counsels of [[God]] are altogether hidden from the eye and understanding of the creature. The several parts are not unsealed and opened at once, but after each other, till the whole mystery of [[God]]'s counsel and conduct is finished in the world. The creatures cannot open it, nor read it; the [[Lord]] only can do so. Those who see most of [[God]], are most desirous to see more; and those who have seen his glory, desire to know his will. But even good men may be too eager and hasty to look into the mysteries of the [[Divine]] conduct. Such desires, if not soon answered, turn to grief and sorrow. If John wept much because he could not look into the book of [[God]]'s decrees, what reason have many to shed floods of tears for their ignorance of the [[gospel]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] of that on which everlasting [[salvation]] depends! We need not weep that we cannot foresee future events respecting ourselves in this world; the eager expectation of future prospects, or the foresight of future calamities, would alike unfit us for present duties and conflicts, or render our prosperous days distressing. Yet we may desire to learn, from the promises and prophecies of Scripture, what will be the final event to [[believer]]s and to the [[church]]; and the Incarnate Son has prevailed, that we should learn all that we need to know. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stands as Mediator between [[God]] and both ministers and people. He is called a Lion, but he appears as a Lamb slain. He appears with the marks of his sufferings, to show that he pleads for us in heaven, in virtue of his satisfaction. He appears as a Lamb, having seven horns and seven eyes; perfect power to execute all the will of [[God]], and perfect wisdom to understand it, and to do it in the most effectual manner. The Father put the book of his eternal counsels into the hand of [[Christ]], and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] readily and gladly took it into his hand; for he delights to make known the will of his Father; and the [[Holy Spirit]] is given by him to reveal the truth and will of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 8-14
It is matter of [[joy]] to all the world, to see that [[God]] deals with men in [[grace]] and [[mercy]] through the [[Redeemer]]. He governs the world, not merely as a Creator, but as our [[Saviour]]. The harps were instruments of praise; the vials were full of odours, or incense, which signify the [[prayer]]s of the saints: [[prayer]] and praise should always go together. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has redeemed his people from the bondage of [[sin]], guilt, and [[Satan]]. He has not only purchased liberty for them, but the highest honour and preferment; he made them kings and priests; kings, to rule over their own spirits, and to overcome the world, and the evil one; and he makes them priests; giving them access to himself, and liberty to offer up spiritual sacrifices. What words can more fully declare that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is, and ought to be worshipped, equally with the Father, by all creatures, to all eternity! Happy those who shall adore and praise in heaven, and who shall for ever bless the Lamb, who delivered and set them apart for himself by his blood. How worthy art thou, O [[God]], Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, of our highest praises! All creatures should proclaim thy greatness, and adore thy majesty.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The opening of the seals, The first, second, third, and fourth.
(1-8)
The fifth.
(9-11)
The sixth.
(12-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
[[Christ]], the Lamb, opens the first seal: observe what appeared. A rider on a white horse. By the going forth of this white horse, a time of [[peace]], or the early progress of the [[Christian]] [[religion]], seems to be intended; its going forth in purity, at the time when its heavenly Founder sent his apostles to teach all nations, adding, Lo! I am with you always, even to the end of the world. The [[Divine]] [[religion]] goes out crowned, having the [[Divine]] favour resting upon it, armed spiritually against its foes, and destined to be victorious in the end. On opening the second seal, a red horse appeared; this signifies desolating judgments. The sword of war and persecution is a dreadful judgment; it takes away [[peace]] from the earth, one of the greatest blessings; and men who should [[love]] one another, and help one another, are set upon killing one another. Such scenes also followed the pure age of early [[Christianity]], when, neglectful of charity and the bond of [[peace]], the [[Christian]] leaders, divided among themselves, appealed to the sword, and entangled themselves in guilt. On opening the third seal, a black horse appeared; a colour denoting mourning and woe, darkness and ignorance. He that sat on it had a yoke in his hand. Attempts were made to put a yoke of superstitious observances on the disciples. As the stream of [[Christianity]] flowed further from its pure fountain, it became more and more corrupt. During the progress of this black horse, the necessaries of life should be at excessive prices, and the more costly things should not be hurt. According to prophetic language, these articles signified that food of religious knowledge, by which the souls of men are sustained unto everlasting life; such we are invited to buy, Isa 55:1. But when the dark clouds of ignorance and superstition, denoted by the black horse, spread over the [[Christian]] world, the knowledge and practice of true [[religion]] became scarce. When a people loathe their spiritual food, [[God]] may justly deprive them of their daily bread. The famine of bread is a terrible judgment; but the famine of the word is more so. Upon opening the fourth seal, another horse appeared, of a pale colour. The rider was Death, the king of terrors. The attendants, or followers of this king of terrors, hell, a state of eternal misery to all who die in their sins; and in times of general destruction, multitudes go down unprepared into the pit. The period of the fourth seal is one of great slaughter and devastation, destroying whatever may tend to make life happy, making ravages on the spiritual lives of men. Thus the mystery of iniquity was completed, and its power extended both over the lives and consciences of men. The exact times of these four seals cannot be ascertained, for the changes were gradual. [[God]] gave them power, that is, those instruments of his anger, or those judgments: all public calamities are at his command; they only go forth when [[God]] sends them, and no further than he permits.
'''Verses''' 9-11
The sight the apostle beheld at the opening the fifth seal was very affecting. He saw the souls of the martyrs under the altar; at the foot of the altar in heaven, at the feet of [[Christ]]. Persecutors can only kill the body; after that there is no more they can do; the soul lives. [[God]] has provided a good place in the better world, for those who are faithful unto death. It is not their own death, but the sacrifice of [[Christ]], that gives them entrance into heaven. The cause in which they suffered, was for the word of [[God]]; the best any man can lay down his life for; [[faith]] in [[God]]'s word, and the unshaken confession of that faith. They commit their cause to Him to whom vengeance belongs. The [[Lord]] is the comforter of his afflicted servants, and precious is their blood in his sight. As the measure of the [[sin]] of persecutors is filling up, so is the number of the persecuted, martyred servants of [[Christ]]. When this is fulfilled, [[God]] will send tribulation to those who trouble them, and unbroken happiness and rest to those that are troubled.
'''Verses''' 12-17
When the sixth seal was opened, there was a great earthquake. The foundations of [[church]]es and states would be terribly shaken. Such bold figurative descriptions of great changes abound in the prophecies of Scripture; for these events are emblems, and declare the end of the [[world]] and the day of judgment. Dread and terror would seize on all sorts of men. Neither grandeur, riches, valour, nor strength, can support men at that time. They would be glad to be no more seen; yea, to have no longer any being. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] be a Lamb, he can be angry, and the wrath of the Lamb is exceedingly dreadful; for if the [[Redeemer]] himself, who appeases the wrath of [[God]], be our enemy, where shall we find a friend to plead for us? As men have their day of opportunity, and their seasons of grace, so [[God]] has his day of righteous wrath. It seems that the overthrow of the paganism of the Roman empire is here meant. The idolaters are described as hiding themselves in their dens and secret caves, and vainly seeking to escape ruin. In such a day, when the signs of the times show those who believe in [[God]]'s word, that the King of kings is approaching, [[Christians]] are called to a decided course, and to a bold confession of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his truth before their fellowmen. Whatever they may have to endure, the short contempt of man is to be borne, rather than that shame which is everlasting.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
A pause between two great periods.
(1-3)
The [[peace]], happiness, and safety of the saints, as signified by an angel's sealing 144,000.
(4-8)
A song of praise.
(9-12)
The blessedness and [[glory]] of those that suffered martyrdom for [[Christ]].
(13-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
In the figurative language of Scripture, the blowing of the four winds together, means a dreadful and general destruction. But the destruction is delayed. Seals were used to mark for each person his own possessions. This mark is the witness of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], printed in the hearts of [[believer]]s. And the [[Lord]] would not suffer his people to be afflicted before they were marked, that they might be prepared against all conflicts. And, observe, of those who are thus sealed by the Spirit, the seal must be on the forehead, plainly to be seen alike by friends and foes, but not by the [[believer]] himself, except as he looks stedfastly in the glass of [[God]]'s word. The number of those who were sealed, may be understood to stand for the remnant of people which [[God]] reserved. Though the [[church]] of [[God]] is but a little flock, in comparison with the wicked world, yet it is a society really large, and to be still more enlarged. Here the universal [[church]] is figured under the type of [[Israel]].
'''Verses''' 9-12
The first fruits of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] having led the way, the [[Gentiles]] converted later follow, and ascribe their [[salvation]] to [[God]] and the [[Redeemer]], with triumph. In acts of religious [[worship]] we come nigh to [[God]], and must come by Christ; the throne of [[God]] could not be approached by sinners, were it not for a Mediator. They were clothed with the robes of justification, [[holiness]], and victory; and they had palms in their hands, as conquerors used to appear in their triumphs. Such a glorious appearance will the faithful servants of [[God]] make at last, when they have fought the good fight of faith, and finished their course. With a loud voice they gave to [[God]] and the Lamb the praise of the great [[salvation]]. Those who enjoy eternal happiness must and will bless both the Father and the Son; they will do it publicly, and with fervour. We see what is the work of heaven, and we ought to begin it now, to have our hearts much in it, and to long for that [[world]] where our praises, as well as our happiness, will be made perfect.
'''Verses''' 13-17
Faithful [[Christians]] deserve our notice and respect; we should mark the upright. Those who would gain knowledge, must not be ashamed to seek instruction from any who can give it. The way to heaven is through many tribulations; but tribulation, how great soever, shall not separate us from the [[love]] of [[God]]. Tribulation makes heaven more welcome and more glorious. It is not the blood of the martyrs, but the blood of the Lamb, that can wash away [[sin]], and make the soul pure and clean in the sight of [[God]]; other blood stains, this is the only blood that makes the robes of the saints white and clean. They are happy in their employment; heaven is a state of service, though not of suffering; it is a state of rest, but not of sloth; it is a praising, delightful rest. They have had sorrows, and shed many tears on account of [[sin]] and affliction; but [[God]] himself, with his own gracious hand, will wipe those tears away. He deals with them as a tender father. This should support the [[Christian]] under all his troubles. As all the redeemed owe their happiness wholly to sovereign [[mercy]]; so the work and [[worship]] of [[God]] their [[Saviour]] is their element; his presence and favour complete their happiness, nor can they conceive of any other joy. To Him may all his people come; from him they receive every needed grace; and to him let them offer all praise and glory.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The seventh seal is opened and seven angels appear with seven trumpets, ready to proclaim the purposes of [[God]].
(1, 2)
Another angel casts fire on the earth, which produces terrible storms of vengeance.
(3-5)
The seven angels prepare to sound their trumpets.
(6)
Four sound them.
(7-12)
Another angel denounces greater woes to come.
(13)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The seventh seal is opened. There was profound silence in heaven for a space; all was quiet in the [[church]], for whenever the [[church]] on earth cries through oppression, that cry reaches up to heaven; or it is a silence of expectation. Trumpets were given to the angels, who were to sound them. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the High Priest of the [[church]], having a golden censer, and much incense, fulness of merit in his own glorious person. Would that men studied to know the fulness that is in [[Christ]], and endeavoured to be acquainted with his excellency. Would that they were truly persuaded that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has such an office as that of Intercessor, which he now performs with deep sympathy. No [[prayer]]s, thus recommended, was ever denied hearing and acceptance. These [[prayer]]s, thus accepted in heaven, produced great changes upon earth. The [[Christian]] [[worship]] and [[religion]], pure and heavenly in its origin and nature, when sent down to earth and conflicting with the passions and worldly projects of sinful men, produced remarkable tumults, here set forth in prophetical language, as our [[Lord]] himself declared, Lu 12:49.
'''Verses''' 7-13
The first angel sounded the first trumpet, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood. A storm of heresies, a mixture of dreadful errors falling on the [[church]], or a tempest of destruction. The second angel sounded, and a great mountain, burning with fire, was cast into the sea; and the third part of the sea became blood. By this mountain some understand leaders of the persecutions; others, Rome sacked by the Goths and Vandals, with great slaughter and cruelty. The third angel sounded, and there fell a star from heaven. Some take this to be an eminent governor; others take it to be some person in power who corrupted the [[church]]es of [[Christ]]. The doctrines of the [[gospel]], the springs of spiritual life, comfort, and vigour, to the souls of men, are corrupted and made bitter by the mixture of dangerous errors, so that the souls of men find ruin where they sought refreshment. The fourth angel sounded, and darkness fell upon the great lights of heaven, that give light to the world, the sun, and the moon, and the stars. The guides and governors are placed higher than the people, and are to dispense light, and kind influences to them. Where the [[gospel]] comes to a people, and has not proper effects on their hearts and lives, it is followed with dreadful judgments. [[God]] gives alarm by the written word, by ministers, by men's own consciences, and by the signs of the times; so that if people are surprised, it is their own fault. The [[anger]] of [[God]] makes all comforts bitter, and even life itself burdensome. But [[God]], in this world, sets bounds to the most terrible judgments. Corruption of doctrine and [[worship]] in the [[church]] are great judgments, and also are the usual causes and tokens of other judgments coming on a people. Before the other three trumpets were sounded, there was solemn warning how terrible the calamities would be that should follow. If lesser judgments do not take effect the [[church]] and the world must expect greater; and when [[God]] comes to punish the world, the inhabitants shall tremble before him. Let sinners take warning to flee from the wrath to come; let [[believer]]s learn to value and to be thankful for their privileges; and let them patiently continue in well doing.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The fifth trumpet is followed by a representation of another star as falling from heaven and opening the bottomless pit, out of which come swarms of locusts.
(1-12)
The sixth trumpet is followed by the loosing of four angels bound in the great river Euphrates.
(13-21)
'''Verses''' 1-12
Upon sounding the fifth trumpet, a star fell from heaven to the earth. Having ceased to be a minister of [[Christ]], he who is represented by this star becomes the minister of the devil; and lets loose the powers of hell against the [[church]]es of [[Christ]]. On the opening of the bottomless pit, there arose a great smoke. The devil carries on his designs by blinding the eyes of men, by putting out light and knowledge, and promoting ignorance and error. Out of this smoke there came a swarm of locusts, emblems of the devil's agents, who promote superstition, [[idolatry]], error, and cruelty. The trees and the grass, the true [[believer]]s, whether young or more advanced, should be untouched. But a secret poison and infection in the soul, should rob many others of purity, and afterwards of [[peace]]. The locusts had no power to hurt those who had the seal of [[God]]. [[God]]'s all-powerful, distinguishing [[grace]] will keep his people from total and final apostacy. The power is limited to a short season; but it would be very sharp. In such events the faithful share the common calamity, but from the pestilence of error they might and would be safe. We collect from Scripture, that such errors were to try and prove the [[Christians]], 1Co 11:19. And early writers plainly refer this to the first great host of corrupters who overspread the [[Christian]] [[church]].
'''Verses''' 13-21
The sixth angel sounded, and here the power of the Turks seems the subject. Their time is limited. They not only slew in war, but brought a poisonous and ruinous [[religion]]. The [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian generation repented not under these dreadful judgments. From this sixth trumpet learn that [[God]] can make one enemy of the [[church]] a scourge and a plague to another. The [[idolatry]] in the remains of the eastern [[church]] and elsewhere, and the sins of professed [[Christians]], render this prophecy and its fulfilment more wonderful. And the attentive reader of Scripture and history, may find his [[faith]] and [[hope]] strengthened by events, which in other respects fill his [[heart]] with anguish and his eyes with tears, while he sees that men who escape these plagues, repent not of their evil works, but go on with idolatries, wickedness, and cruelty, till wrath comes upon them to the utmost.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Angel]] of the covenant presents a little open book, which is followed with seven thunders.
(1-4)
At the end of the following prophecies, time should be no more.
(5-7)
A voice directs the apostle to eat the book;
(8-10)
and tells him he must prophesy further.
(11)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The apostle saw another representation. The person communicating this discovery probably was our [[Lord]] and [[Saviour]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], or it was to show his glory. He veils his glory, which is too great for mortal eyes to behold; and throws a veil upon his dispensations. A rainbow was upon his head; our [[Lord]] is always mindful of his covenant. His awful voice was echoed by seven thunders; solemn and terrible ways of discovering the mind of [[God]]. We know not the subjects of the seven thunders, nor the reasons for suppressing them. There are great events in history, perhaps relating to the [[Christian]] [[church]], which are not noticed in open prophecy. The final [[salvation]] of the righteous, and the final success of true [[religion]] on earth, are engaged for by the unfailing word of the [[Lord]]. Though the time may not be yet, it cannot be far distant. Very soon, as to us, time will be no more; but if we are [[believer]]s, a happy eternity will follow: we shall from heaven behold and [[rejoice]] in the triumphs of [[Christ]], and his cause on earth.
'''Verses''' 8-11
Most men feel pleasure in looking into future events, and all good men like to receive a word from [[God]]. But when this book of prophecy was thoroughly digested by the apostle, the contents would be bitter; there were things so awful and terrible, such grievous persecutions of the people of [[God]], such desolations in the earth, that the foresight and foreknowledge of them would be painful to his mind. Let us seek to be taught by [[Christ]], and to obey his orders; daily meditating on his word, that it may nourish our souls; and then declaring it according to our several stations. The sweetness of such contemplations will often be mingled with bitterness, while we compare the Scriptures with the state of the [[world]] and the [[church]], or even with that of our own hearts.
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
The state of the [[church]] is represented under the figure of a temple measured.
(1, 2)
Two witnesses prophesy is sackcloth.
(3-6)
They are slain, after which they arise and ascend to heaven.
(7-13)
Under the seventh trumpet, all [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian powers are to be destroyed and there will be a glorious state of [[Christ]]'s kingdom upon earth.
(14-19)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
This prophetical passage about measuring the [[temple]] seems to refer to Ezekiel's vision. The design of this measuring seems to be the preservation of the [[church]] in times of public danger; or for its trial, or for its reformation. The worshippers must be measured; whether they make [[God]]'s [[glory]] their end, and his word their rule, in all their acts of worship. Those in the outer court, [[worship]] in a false manner, or with dissembling hearts, and will be found among his enemies. [[God]] will have a [[temple]] and an altar in the world, till the end of time. He looks strictly to his temple. The holy city, the visible [[church]], is trodden under foot; is filled with idolaters, infidels, and hypocrites. But the desolations of the [[church]] are limited, and she shall be delivered out of all her troubles.
'''Verses''' 3-13
In the time of treading down, [[God]] kept his faithful witnesses to attest the truth of his word and worship, and the excellence of his ways, The number of these witnesses is small, yet enough. They prophesy in sackcloth. It shows their afflicted, persecuted state, and deep sorrow for the abominations against which they protested. They are supported during their great and hard work, till it is done. When they had prophesied in sackcloth the greatest part of 1260 years, [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], the great instrument of the devil, would war against them, with force and violence for a time. Determined rebels against the light [[rejoice]], as on some happy event, when they can silence, drive to a distance, or destroy the faithful servants of [[Christ]], whose doctrine and conduct torment them. It does not appear that the term is yet expired, and the witnesses are not a present exposed to endure such terrible outward sufferings as in former times; but such things may again happen, and there is abundant cause to prophesy in sackcloth, on account of the state of [[religion]]. The depressed state of real [[Christianity]] may relate only to the western [[church]]. The [[Spirit]] of life from [[God]], quickens dead souls, and shall quicken the dead bodies of his people, and his dying interest in the world. The revival of [[God]]'s work and witnesses, will strike terror into the souls of his enemies. Where there is guilt, there is fear; and a persecuting spirit, though cruel, is a cowardly spirit. It will be no small part of the punishment of persecutors, both in this world, and at the great day, that they see the faithful servants of [[God]] honoured and advanced. The [[Lord]]'s witnesses must not be weary of suffering and service, nor hastily grasp at the reward; but must stay till their Master calls them. The consequence of their being thus exalted was a mighty shock and convulsion in the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian empire. Events alone can show the meaning of this. But whenever [[God]]'s work and witnesses revive, the devil's work and witnesses fall before him. And that the slaying of the witnesses is future, appears to be probable.
'''Verses''' 14-19
Before the sounding of the seventh and last trumpet, there is the usual demand of attention. The saints and angels in heaven know the right of our [[God]] and [[Saviour]] to rule over all the world. But the nations met [[God]]'s wrath with their own anger. It was a time in which he was beginning to reward his people's faithful services, and sufferings; and their enemies fretted against [[God]], and so increased their guilt, and hastened their destruction. By the opening the [[temple]] of [[God]] in heaven, may be meant, that there was a more free communication between heaven and earth; [[prayer]] and praises more freely and frequently going up, graces and blessings plentifully coming down. But it rather seems to refer to the [[church]] of [[God]] on earth. In the reign of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], [[God]]'s law was laid aside, and made void by traditions and decrees; the Scriptures were locked up from the people, but now they are brought to the view of all. This, like the ark, is a token of the presence of [[God]] returned to his people, and his favour toward them in [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], as the Propitiation for their sins. The great blessing of the Reformation was attended with very awful providences; as by terrible things in righteousness [[God]] answered the [[prayer]]s presented in his holy [[temple]] now opened.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
A description of the [[church]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and of [[Satan]], under the figures of a woman and of a great red dragon.
(1-6)
Michael and his angels fight against the devil and his angels, who are defeated.
(7-12)
The dragon persecutes the [[church]].
(13, 14)
His vain endeavours to destroy her, He renews his war against her seed.
(14-17)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[church]], under the emblem of a woman, the mother of [[believer]]s, was seen by the apostle in vision, in heaven. She was clothed with the sun, justified, sanctified, and shining by union with [[Christ]], the Sun of [[Righteousness]]. The moon was under her feet; she was superior to the reflected and feebler light of the revelation made by [[Moses]]. Having on her head a crown of twelve stars; the doctrine of the [[gospel]], preached by the twelve apostles, is a crown of [[glory]] to all true [[believer]]s. As in pain to bring forth a holy family; desirous that the conviction of sinners might end in their conversion. A dragon is a known emblem of [[Satan]], and his chief agents, or those who govern for him on earth, at that time the pagan empire of Rome, the city built upon seven hills. As having ten horns, divided into ten kingdoms. Having seven crowns, representing seven forms of government. As drawing with his tail a third part of the stars in heaven, and casting them down to the earth; persecuting and seducing the ministers and teachers. As watchful to crush the [[Christian]] [[religion]]; but in spite of the opposition of enemies, the [[church]] brought forth a manly issue of true and faithful professors, in whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was truly formed anew; even the mystery of [[Christ]], that Son of [[God]] who should rule the nations, and in whose right his members partake the same glory. This blessed offspring was protected of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 7-11
The attempts of the dragon proved unsuccessful against the [[church]], and fatal to his own interests. The seat of this war was in heaven; in the [[church]] of [[Christ]], the kingdom of heaven on earth. The parties were [[Christ]], the great [[Angel]] of the covenant, and his faithful followers; and [[Satan]] and his instruments. The strength of the [[church]] is in having the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] for the Captain of their [[salvation]]. Pagan [[idolatry]], which was the [[worship]] of devils, was cast out of the empire by the spreading of [[Christianity]]. The [[salvation]] and strength of the [[church]], are only to be ascribed to the King and Head of the [[church]]. The conquered enemy hates the presence of [[God]], yet he is willing to appear there, to accuse the people of [[God]]. Let us take heed that we give him no cause to accuse us; and that, when we have sinned, we go before the [[Lord]], condemn ourselves, and commit our cause to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as our Advocate. The servants of [[God]] overcame [[Satan]] by the blood of the Lamb, as the cause. By the word of their testimony: the powerful preaching of the [[gospel]] is mighty, through [[God]], to pull down strong holds. By their courage and patience in sufferings: they loved not their lives so well but they could lay them down in [[Christ]]'s cause. These were the warriors and the weapons by which [[Christianity]] overthrew the power of pagan [[idolatry]]; and if [[Christians]] had continued to fight with these weapons, and such as these, their victories would have been more numerous and glorious, and the effects more lasting. The redeemed overcame by a simple reliance on the blood of [[Christ]], as the only ground of their hopes. In this we must be like them. We must not blend any thing else with this.
'''Verses''' 12-17
The [[church]] and all her friends might well be called to praise [[God]] for deliverance from pagan persecution, though other troubles awaited her. The wilderness is a desolate place, and full of serpents and scorpions, uncomfortable and destitute of provisions; yet a place of safety, as well as where one might be alone. But being thus retired could not protect the woman. The flood of water is explained by many to mean the invasions of barbarians, by which the western empire was overwhelmed; for the heathen encouraged their attacks, in the [[hope]] of destroying [[Christianity]]. But ungodly men, for their worldly interests, protected the [[church]] amidst these tumults, and the overthrow of the empire did not help the cause of [[idolatry]]. Or, this may be meant of a flood of error, by which the [[church]] of [[God]] was in danger of being overwhelmed and carried away. The devil, defeated in his designs upon the [[church]], turns his rage against persons and places. Being faithful to [[God]] and [[Christ]], in doctrine, worship, and practice, exposes to the rage of [[Satan]]; and will do so till the last enemy shall be destroyed.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
A wild beast rises out of the sea, to whom the dragon gives his power.
(1-10)
Another beast, which has two horns like a lamb, but speaks as a dragon.
(11-15)
It obliges all to [[worship]] its image, and receive its mark, as persons devoted to it.
(16-18)
'''Verses''' 1-10
The apostle, standing on the shore, saw a savage beast rise out of the sea; a tyrannical, idolatrous, persecuting power, springing up out of the troubles which took place. It was a frightful monster! It appears to mean that worldly, oppressing dominion, which for many ages, even from the times of the Babylonish captivity, had been hostile to the [[church]]. The first beast then began to oppress and persecute the righteous for righteousness' sake, but they suffered most under the fourth beast of [[Daniel]], (the Roman empire,) which has afflicted the saints with many cruel persecutions. The source of its power was the dragon. It was set up by the devil, and supported by him. The wounding the head may be the abolishing pagan [[idolatry]]; and the [[healing]] of the wound, introducing popish [[idolatry]], the same in substance, only in a new dress, but which as effectually answers the devil's design. The [[world]] admired its power, policy and success. They paid honour and subjection to the devil and his instruments. It exercised infernal power and policy, requiring men to render that honour to creatures which belongs to [[God]] alone. Yet the devil's power and success are limited. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has a chosen remnant, redeemed by his blood, recorded in his book, sealed by his Spirit; and though the devil and [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] may overcome the body, and take away the natural life, they cannot conquer the soul, nor prevail with true [[believer]]s to forsake their [[Saviour]], and join his enemies. Perseverance in the [[faith]] of the [[gospel]] and true [[worship]] of [[God]], in this great hour of trial and temptation, which would deceive all but the elect, is the character of those registered in the book of life. This powerful motive and encouragement to constancy, is the great design of the whole Revelation.
'''Verses''' 11-18
Those who understand the first beast to denote a worldly power, take the second to be also a persecuting and assumed power, which acts under the disguise of [[religion]], and of charity to the souls of men. It is a spiritual dominion, professing to be derived from [[Christ]], and exercised at first in a gentle manner, but soon spake like the dragon. Its speech betrayed it; for it gives forth those false doctrines and cruel decrees, which show it to belong to the dragon, and not to the Lamb. It exercised all the power of the former beast. It pursues the same design, to draw men from worshipping the true [[God]], and to subject the souls of men to the will and control of men. The second beast has carried on its designs, by methods whereby men should be deceived to [[worship]] the former beast, in the new shape, or likeness made for it. By lying wonders, pretended [[miracle]]s. And by severe censures. Also by allowing none to enjoy natural or civil rights, who will not worship that beast which is the image of the pagan beast. It is made a qualification for buying and selling, as well as for places of profit and trust, that they oblige themselves to use all their interest, power, and endeavour, to forward the dominion of the beast, which is meant by receiving his mark. To make an image to the beast, whose deadly wound was healed, would be to give form and power to his worship, or to require obedience to his commands. To [[worship]] the image of the beast, implies being subject to those things which stamp the character of the picture, and render it the image of the beast. The number of the beast is given, so as to show the infinite wisdom of [[God]], and to exercise the wisdom of men. The number is the number of a man, computed after the usual manner among men, and it is 666. What or who is intended by this, remains a mystery. To almost every religious dispute this number has yet been applied, and it may reasonably be doubted whether the meaning has yet been discovered. But he who has wisdom and understanding, will see that all the enemies of [[God]] are numbered and marked out for destruction; that the term of their power will soon expire, and that all nations shall submit to our King of righteousness and [[peace]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
Those faithful to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] celebrate the praises of [[God]].
(1-5)
Three angels; one proclaiming the everlasting [[gospel]]; another, the downfal of Babylon; and a third, the dreadful wrath of [[God]] on the worshippers of the beast. The blessedness of those who die in the [[Lord]].
(6-13)
A vision of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] with a sickle, and of a harvest ripe for cutting down.
(14-16)
The emblem of a vintage fully ripe, trodden in the wine-press of [[God]]'s wrath.
(17-20)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Mount Sion is the [[gospel]] [[church]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is with his [[church]], and in the midst of her in all her troubles, therefore she is not consumed. His presence secures perseverance. His people appear honourably. They have the name of [[God]] written in their foreheads; they make a bold and open profession of their [[faith]] in [[God]] and [[Christ]], and this is followed by suitable actings. There were persons in the darkest times, who ventured and laid down their lives for the [[worship]] and truth of the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]]. They kept themselves clean from the wicked abominations of the followers of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]. Their hearts were right with [[God]]; and they were freely [[pardon]] ed in Christ; he is glorified in them, and they in him. May it be our [[prayer]], our endeavour, our ambition, to be found in this honourable company. Those who are really sanctified and justified are meant here, for no hypocrite, however plausible, can be accounted to be without fault before [[God]]. (Rev 14:6-13)
'''Verses''' 6-13
The progress of the Reformation appears to be here set forth. The four proclamations are plain in their meaning; that all [[Christians]] may be encouraged, in the time of trial, to be faithful to their [[Lord]]. The [[gospel]] is the great means whereby men are brought to [[fear]] [[God]], and to give [[glory]] to him. The preaching of the everlasting [[gospel]] shakes the foundations of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] in the world, and hastens its downfal. If any persist in being subject to the beast, and in promoting his cause, they must expect to be for ever miserable in soul and body. The [[believer]] is to venture or suffer any thing in obeying the [[commandments]] of [[God]], and professing the [[faith]] of [[Jesus]]. May [[God]] bestow this patience upon us. Observe the description of those that are and shall be blessed: such as die in the [[Lord]]; die in the cause of [[Christ]], in a state of union with Christ; such as are found in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] when [[death]] comes. They rest from all [[sin]], temptation, sorrow, and persecution; for there the wicked cease from troubling, there the weary are at rest. Their works follow them: do not go before as their title, or purchase, but follow them as proofs of their having lived and died in the [[Lord]]: the remembrance of them will be pleasant, and the reward far above all their services and sufferings. This is made sure by the testimony of the [[Spirit]], witnessing with their spirits, and the written word.
'''Verses''' 14-20
Warnings and judgments not having produced reformation, the sins of the nations are filled up, and they become ripe for judgments, represented by a harvest, an emblem which is used to signify the gathering of the righteous, when ripe for heaven, by the [[mercy]] of [[God]]. The harvest time is when the corn is ripe; when the [[believer]]s are ripe for heaven, then the wheat of the earth shall be gathered into [[Christ]]'s garner. And by a vintage. The enemies of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[church]] are not destroyed, till by their [[sin]] they are ripe for ruin, and then he will spare them no longer. The wine-press is the wrath of [[God]], some terrible calamity, probably the sword, shedding the blood of the wicked. The patience of [[God]] towards sinners, is the greatest [[miracle]] in the world; but, though lasting, it will not be everlasting; and ripeness in [[sin]] is a sure proof of judgment at hand.
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
A song of praise is sung by the [[church]].
(1-4)
Seven angels with the seven plagues; and to them one of the living creatures gives seven golden vials full of the wrath of [[God]].
(5-8)
'''Verses''' 1-4
Seven angels appeared in heaven; prepared to finish the destruction of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]. As the measure of Babylon's sins was filled up, it finds the full measure of [[Divine]] wrath. While [[believer]]s stand in this world, in times of trouble, as upon a sea of glass mingled with fire, they may look forward to their final deliverance, while new mercies call forth new hymns of praise. The more we know of [[God]]'s wonderful works, the more we shall praise his greatness as the [[Lord]] [[God]] Almighty, the Creator and Ruler of all worlds; but his title of Emmanuel, the King of saints, will make him dear to us. Who that considers the power of [[God]]'s wrath, the value of his favour, or the [[glory]] of his [[holiness]], would refuse to [[fear]] and honour him alone? His praise is above heaven and earth.
'''Verses''' 5-8
In the judgments [[God]] executes upon [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] and his followers, he fulfils the prophecies and promises of his word. These angels are prepared for their work, clothed with pure and white linen, their breasts girded with golden girdles, representing the [[holiness]], and righteousness, and excellence of these dealings with men. They are ministers of [[Divine]] justice, and do every thing in a pure and holy manner. They were armed with the wrath of [[God]] against his enemies. Even the meanest creature, when armed with the [[anger]] of [[God]], will be too hard for any man in the world. The angels received the vials from one of the four living creatures, one of the ministers of the true [[church]], as in answer to the [[prayer]]s of the ministers and people of [[God]]. [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]] could not be destroyed without a great shock to all the world, and even the people of [[God]] would be in trouble and confusion while the great work was doing. The greatest deliverances of the [[church]] are brought about by awful and astonishing steps of Providence; and the happy state of the true [[church]] will not begin till obstinate enemies shall be destroyed, and lukewarm or formal [[Christians]] are purified. Then, whatever is against Scripture being purged away, the whole [[church]] shall be spiritual, and the whole being brought to purity, unity, and spirituality, shall be firmly established.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
''Chapter Outline''
The first vial is poured out on the earth, the second on the sea, the third on the rivers and fountains.
(1-7)
The fourth on the sun, the fifth on the seat of the beast.
(8-11)
The sixth on the great river Euphrates.
(12-16)
And the seventh on the air, when shall follow the destruction of all [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian enemies.
(17-21)
'''Verses''' 1-7
We are to pray that the will of [[God]] may be done on earth as it is done in heaven. Here is a succession of terrible judgments of Providence; and there seems to be an allusion to several of the plagues of [[Egypt]]. The sins were alike, and so were the punishments. The vials refer to the seven trumpets, which represented the rise of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]; and the fall of the enemies of the [[church]] shall bear some resemblance to their rise. All things throughout their earth, their air, their sea, their rivers, their cities, all are condemned to ruin, all accursed for the wickedness of that people. No wonder that angels, who witness or execute the [[Divine]] vengeance on the obstinate haters of [[God]], of [[Christ]], and of [[holiness]], praise his justice and truth; and adore his awful judgments, when he brings upon cruel persecutors the tortures they made his saints and prophets suffer.
'''Verses''' 8-11
The [[heart]] of man is so desperately wicked, that the most severe miseries never will bring any to repent, without the special [[grace]] of [[God]]. Hell itself is filled with blasphemies; and those are ignorant of the history of human nature, of the [[Bible]], and of their own hearts, who do not know that the more men suffer, and the more plainly they see the hand of [[God]] in their sufferings, the more furiously they often rage against him. Let sinners now seek [[Repentance|repentance]] from [[Christ]], and the grace of the [[Holy Spirit]], or they will have the anguish and horror of an unhumbled, impenitent, and desperate heart; thus adding to their guilt and misery through all eternity. Darkness is opposed to wisdom and knowledge, and forebodes the confusion and folly of the idolaters and followers of the beast. It is opposed to pleasure and joy, and signifies anguish and vexation of spirit.
'''Verses''' 12-16
This probably shows the destruction of the Turkish power, and of [[idolatry]], and that a way will be made for the return of the [[Jews]]. Or, take it for Rome, as mystical Babylon, the name of Babylon being put for Rome, which was meant, but was not then to be directly named. When Rome is destroyed, her river and merchandise must suffer with her. And perhaps a way will be opened for the eastern nations to come into the [[church]] of [[Christ]]. The great dragon will collect all his forces, to make one desperate struggle before all be lost. [[God]] warns of this great trial, to engage his people to prepare for it. These will be times of great temptation; therefore [[Christ]], by his apostle, calls on his professed servants to expect his sudden coming, and to watch that they might not be put to shame, as apostates or hypocrites. However [[Christians]] differ, as to their views of the times and seasons of events yet to be brought to pass, on this one point all are agreed, [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], the [[Lord]] of glory, will suddenly come again to judge the world. To those living near to [[Christ]], it is an object of joyful [[hope]] and expectation, and delay is not desired by them.
'''Verses''' 17-21
The seventh and last angel poured forth his vial, and the downfal of Babylon was finished. The [[church]] triumphant in heaven saw it and [[rejoice]]d; the [[church]] in conflict on earth saw it and became triumphant. [[God]] remembered the great and wicked city; though for some time he seemed to have forgotten her [[idolatry]] and cruelty. All that was most secure was carried away by the ruin. Men blasphemed: the greatest judgments that can befal men, will not bring to [[Repentance|repentance]] without the [[grace]] of [[God]]. To be hardened against [[God]], by his righteous judgments, is a certain token of sure and utter destruction.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
One of the angels who had the vials, explains the meaning of the former vision of the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian beast that was to reign 1260 years, and then to be destroyed.
(1-6)
And interprets the mystery of the woman, and the beast that had seven heads and ten horns.
(7-18)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Rome clearly appears to be meant in this Chapter. Pagan Rome subdued and ruled with military power, not by art and flatteries. She left the nations in general to their ancient usages and worship. But it is well known that by crafty and politic management, with all kinds of deceit of unrighteousness, papal Rome has obtained and kept her rule over kings and nations. Here were allurements of worldly honour and riches, pomp and pride, suited to sensual and worldly minds. Prosperity, pomp, and splendour, feed the pride and lusts of the human heart, but are no security against the [[Divine]] vengeance. The golden cup represents the allurements, and delusions, by which this mystical Babylon has obtained and kept her influence, and seduced others to join her abominations. She is named, from her infamous practices, a mother of harlots; training them up to [[idolatry]] and all sorts of wickedness. She filled herself with the blood of the saints and martyrs of [[Jesus]]. She intoxicated herself with it; and it was so pleasant to her, that she never was satisfied. We cannot but wonder at the oceans of [[Christian]] blood shed by men called [[Christians]]; yet when we consider these prophecies, these awful deeds testify to the truth of the [[gospel]]. And let all beware of a splendid, gainful, or fashionable [[religion]]. Let us avoid the mysteries of iniquity, and study diligently the great mystery of [[godliness]], that we may learn humility and gratitude from the example of [[Christ]]. The more we seek to resemble him, the less we shall be liable to be deceived by [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]].
'''Verses''' 7-14
The beast on which the woman sat was, and is not, and yet is. It was a seat of [[idolatry]] and persecution, and is not; not in the ancient form, which was pagan: yet it is; it is truly the seat of [[idolatry]] and tyranny, though of another sort and form. It would deceive into stupid and blind submission all the inhabitants of the earth within its influence, except the remnant of the elect. This beast was seven heads, seven mountains, the seven hills on which Rome stands; and seven kings, seven sorts of government. Five were gone by when this prophecy was written; one was then in being; the other was yet to come. This beast, directed by the papacy, makes an eighth governor, and sets up [[idolatry]] again. It had ten horns, which are said to be ten kings who had as yet no kingdoms; they should not rise up till the Roman empire was broken; but should for a time be very zealous in her interest. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must reign till all enemies be put under his feet. The reason of the victory is, that he is the King of kings, and [[Lord]] of lords. He has supreme dominion and power over all things; all the powers of earth and hell are subject to his control. His followers are called to this warfare, are fitted for it, and will be faithful in it.
'''Verses''' 15-18
[[God]] so ruled the hearts of these kings, by his power over them, and by his providence, that they did those things, without intending it, which he purposed and foretold. They shall see their folly, and how they have been bewitched and enslaved by the harlot, and be made instruments in her destruction. She was that great city which reigned over the kings of the earth, when John had this vision; and every one knows Rome to be that city. Believers will be received to the [[glory]] of the [[Lord]], when wicked men will be destroyed in a most awful manner; their joining together in [[sin]], will be turned to hatred and rage, and they will eagerly assist in tormenting each other. But the [[Lord]]'s portion is his people; his counsel shall stand, and he will do all his pleasure, to his glory, and the happiness of all his servants.
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
Another angel from heaven proclaims the fall of mystical Babylon.
(1-3)
A voice from heaven admonishes the people of [[God]], lest they partake of her plagues.
(4-8)
The lamentations over her.
(9-19)
The [[church]] called upon to [[rejoice]] in her utter ruin.
(20-24)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of [[God]]. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his [[gospel]] through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true [[God]], and set up [[idols]], and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect [[mercy]] from [[God]], that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. [[God]] may have a people even in Babylon. But [[God]]'s people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)
'''Verses''' 9-19
The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into [[idolatry]], allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, [[pardon]] s, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the [[anger]] of [[God]], but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.
'''Verses''' 20-24
That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of [[God]] on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will [[rejoice]] in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of [[God]]'s justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The [[church]] in heaven and that on earth triumph, and praise the [[Lord]] for his righteous judgments.
(1-10)
A vision of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] going forth to destroy the beast and his armies.
(11-21)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Praising [[God]] for what we have, is praying for what is yet further to be done for us. There is harmony between the angels and the saints in this triumphant song. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the Bridegroom of his ransomed [[church]]. This second union will be completed in heaven; but the beginning of the glorious millennium (by which is meant a reign of [[Christ]], or a state of happiness, for a thousand years on earth) may be considered as the celebration of his espousals on earth. Then the [[church]] of [[Christ]], being purified from errors, divisions, and corruptions, in doctrine, discipline, worship, and practice, will be made ready to be publicly owned by him as his delight and his beloved. The [[church]] appeared; not in the gay, gaudy dress of the mother of harlots, but in fine linen, clean and white. In the robes of [[Christ]]'s righteousness, imputed for justification, and imparted for sanctification. The promises of the [[gospel]], the true sayings of [[God]], opened, applied, and sealed by the [[Spirit]] of [[God]], in holy ordinances, are the marriage-feast. This seems to refer to the abundant [[grace]] and consolation [[Christians]] will receive in the happy days which are to come. The apostle offered honour to the angel. The angel refused it. He directed the apostle to the true and only object of religious worship; to [[worship]] [[God]], and him alone. This plainly condemns the practice of those who [[worship]] the elements of bread and wine, and saints, and angels; and of those who do not believe that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is truly and by nature [[God]], yet pay him a sort of worship. They stand convicted of [[idolatry]] by a messenger from heaven. These are the true sayings of [[God]]; of Him who is to be worshipped, as one with the Father and the [[Holy Spirit]].
'''Verses''' 11-21
[[Christ]], the glorious Head of the [[church]], is described as on a white horse, the emblem of justice and [[holiness]]. He has many crowns, for he is King of kings, and [[Lord]] of lords. He is arrayed in a vesture dipped in his own blood, by which he purchased his power as Mediator; and in the blood of his enemies, over whom he always prevails. His name is "The Word of [[God]];" a name none fully knows but himself; only this we know, that this Word was [[God]] manifest in the flesh; but his perfections cannot be fully understood by any creature. Angels and saints follow, and are like [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in their armour of purity and righteousness. The threatenings of the written word he is going to execute on his enemies. The ensigns of his authority are his name; asserting his authority and power, warning the most powerful princes to submit, or they must fall before him. The powers of earth and hell make their utmost effort. These Verses declare important events, foretold by the prophets. These persons were not excused because they did what their leaders bade them. How vain will be the plea of many sinners at the great day! We followed our guides; we did as we saw others do! [[God]] has given a rule to walk by, in his word; neither the example of the most, nor of the chief, must influence us contrary thereto: if we do as the most do, we must go where the most go, even into the burning lake.
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
[[Satan]] is bound for a thousand years.
(1-3)
The first resurrection; those are blessed that have part therein.
(4-6)
[[Satan]] loosed, Gog and Magog.
(7-10)
The last and general resurrection.
(11-15)
'''Verses''' 1-3
Here is a vision, showing by a figure the restraints laid on [[Satan]] himself. [[Christ]], with Almighty power, will keep the devil from deceiving mankind as he has hitherto done. He never wants power and instruments to break the power of [[Satan]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shuts by his power, and seals by his authority. The [[church]] shall have a time of [[peace]] and prosperity, but all her trials are not yet over.
'''Verses''' 4-6
Here is an account of the reign of the saints, for the same space of time as [[Satan]] is bound. Those who suffer with [[Christ]], shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in conformity to him in his wisdom, righteousness, and [[holiness]]: this is called the first resurrection, with which none but those who serve [[Christ]], and suffer for him, shall be favoured. The happiness of these servants of [[God]] is declared. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. We know something thing of what the first death is, and it is very awful; but we know not what this second [[death]] is. It must be much more dreadful; it is the [[death]] of the soul, eternal separation from [[God]]. May we never know what it is: those who have been made partakers of a spiritual resurrection, are saved from the power of the second death. We may expect that a thousand years will follow the destruction of the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian, idolatrous, persecuting powers, during which pure [[Christianity]], in doctrine, worship, and [[holiness]], will be made known over all the earth. By the all-powerful working of the [[Holy Spirit]], fallen man will be new-created; and [[faith]] and [[holiness]] will as certainly prevail, as unbelief and unholiness now do. We may easily perceive what a variety of dreadful pains, diseases, and other calamities would cease, if all men were true and consistent [[Christians]]. All the evils of public and private contests would be ended, and happiness of every kind largely increased. Every man would try to lighten suffering, instead of adding to the sorrows around him. It is our duty to pray for the promised glorious days, and to do every thing in our public and private stations which can prepare for them.
'''Verses''' 7-10
While this [[world]] lasts, [[Satan]]'s power in it will not be wholly destroyed, though it may be limited and lessened. No sooner is [[Satan]] let loose, than he again begins deceiving the nations, and stirring them up to make war with the saints and servants of [[God]]. It would be well if the servants and ministers of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] were as active and persevering in doing good, as his enemies in doing mischief. [[God]] will fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory may be complete, and the [[glory]] be to himself.
'''Verses''' 11-15
After the events just foretold, the end will speedily come; and there is no mention of any thing else, before the appearing of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to judge the world. This will be the great day: the Judge, the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], will then put on majesty and terror. The persons to be judged are the dead, small and great; young and old, low and high, poor and rich. None are so mean, but they have some talents to account for; and none so great, as to avoid having to account for them. Not only those alive at the coming of [[Christ]], but all the dead. There is a book of remembrance both for good and bad: and the book of the sinner's conscience, though formerly secret, will then be opened. Every man will recollect all his past actions, though he had long forgotten many of them. Another book shall be opened, the book of the Scriptures, the rule of life; it represents the [[Lord]]'s knowledge of his people, and his declaring their repentance, faith, and good works; showing the blessings of the new covenant. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; he will try their principles by their practices. Those justified and acquitted by the [[gospel]], shall be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into [[eternal life]], having nothing more to [[fear]] from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together. This is the second death; it is the final separation of sinners from [[God]]. Let it be our great concern to see whether our [[Bible]]s justify or condemn us now; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will judge the secrets of all men according to the [[gospel]]. Who shall dwell with devouring flames?
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
A new heaven, and new earth: the new [[Jerusalem]] where [[God]] dwells, and banishes all sorrow from his people.
(1-8)
Its heavenly origin, glory, and secure defence.
(9-21)
Its perfect happiness, as enlightened with the presence of [[God]] and the Lamb, and in the free access of multitudes, made holy.
(22-27)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The new heaven and the new earth will not be separate from each other; the earth of the saints, their glorified, bodies, will be heavenly. The old world, with all its troubles and tumults, will have passed away. There will be no sea; this aptly represents freedom from conflicting passions, temptations, troubles, changes, and alarms; from whatever can divide or interrupt the communion of saints. This new [[Jerusalem]] is the [[church]] of [[God]] in its new and perfect state, the [[church]] triumphant. Its blessedness came wholly from [[God]], and depends on him. The presence of [[God]] with his people in heaven, will not be interrupt as it is on earth, he will dwell with them continually. All effects of former trouble shall be done away. They have often been in tears, by reason of [[sin]], of affliction, of the calamities of the [[church]]; but no signs, no remembrance of former sorrows shall remain. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] makes all things new. If we are willing and desirous that the gracious [[Redeemer]] should make all things new in order hearts and nature, he will make all things new in respect of our situation, till he has brought us to enjoy complete happiness. See the certainty of the promise. [[God]] gives his titles, Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End, as a pledge for the full performance. Sensual and sinful pleasures are muddy and poisoned waters; and the best earthly comforts are like the scanty supplies of a cistern; when idolized, they become broken cisterns, and yield only vexation. But the joys which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] imparts are like waters springing from a fountain, pure, refreshing, abundant, and eternal. The sanctifying consolations of the [[Holy Spirit]] prepare for heavenly happiness; they are streams which flow for us in the wilderness. The fearful durst not meet the difficulties of [[religion]], their slavish fear came from their unbelief; but those who were so dastardly as not to dare to take up the cross of [[Christ]], were yet so desperate as to run into abominable wickedness. The agonies and terrors of the first death will lead to the far greater terrors and agonies of eternal death.
'''Verses''' 9-21
[[God]] has various employments for his holy angels. Sometimes they sound the trumpet of [[Divine]] Providence, and warn a careless world; sometimes they discover things of a heavenly nature of the heirs of [[salvation]]. Those who would have clear views of heaven, must get as near to heaven as they can, on the mount of meditation and faith. The subject of the vision is the [[church]] of [[God]] in a perfect, triumphant state, shining in its lustre; glorious in relation to Christ; which shows that the happiness of heaven consists in intercourse with [[God]], and in conformity to him. The change of emblems from a bride to a city, shows that we are only to take general ideas from this description. The wall is for security. Heaven is a safe state; those who are there, are separated and secured from all evils and enemies. This city is vast; here is room for all the people of [[God]]. The foundation of the wall; the promise and power of [[God]], and the purchase of [[Christ]], are the strong foundations of the safety and happiness of the [[church]]. These foundations are set forth by twelve sorts of precious stones, denoting the variety and excellence of the doctrines of the [[gospel]], or of the graces of the [[Holy Spirit]], or the personal excellences of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Heaven has gates; there is a free admission to all that are sanctified; they shall not find themselves shut out. These gates were all of pearls. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the Pearl of great price, and he is our Way to [[God]]. The street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass. The saints in heaven tread gold under foot. The saints are there at rest, yet it is not a state of sleep and idleness; they have communion, not only with [[God]], but with one another. All these glories but faintly represent heaven.
'''Verses''' 22-27
Perfect and direct communion with [[God]], will more than supply the place of [[gospel]] institutions. And what words can more full express the union and co-equality of the Son with the Father, in the Godhead? What a dismal [[world]] would this be, if it were not for the light of the sun! What is there in heaven that supplies its place? The [[glory]] of [[God]] lightens that city, and the Lamb is the Light thereof. [[God]] in Christ will be an everlasting Fountain of knowledge and [[joy]] to the saints in heaven. There is no night, therefore no need of shutting the gates; all is at [[peace]] and secure. The whole shows us that we should be more and more led to think of heaven as filled with the [[glory]] of [[God]], and enlightened by the presence of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. Nothing sinful or unclean, idolatrous, or false and deceitful, can enter. All the inhabitants are made perfect in [[holiness]]. Now the saints feel a sad mixture of corruption, which hinders them in the service of [[God]], and interrupts their communion with him; but, at their entrance into the holy of holies, they are washed in the laver of [[Christ]]'s blood, and presented to the Father without spot. None are admitted into heaven who work abominations. It is free from hypocrites, such as make lies. As nothing unclean can enter heaven, let us be stirred up by these glimpses of heavenly things, to use all diligence, and to perfect [[holiness]] in the [[fear]] of [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
A description of the heavenly state, under the figures of the water and the tree of life, and of the throne of [[God]] and the Lamb.
(1-5)
The truth and certain fulfilling of all the prophetic visions, The Holy Spirit, and the bride, the [[church]], invite, and say, Come.
(6-19)
The closing blessing.
(20, 21)
'''Verses''' 1-5
All streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, and refreshing. They give life, and preserve life, to those who drink of them, and thus they will flow for evermore. These point to the quickening and sanctifying influences of the [[Holy Spirit]], as given to sinners through [[Christ]]. The [[Holy Spirit]], proceeding from the Father and the Son, applies this [[salvation]] to our souls by his new-creating love and power. The trees of life are fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of [[God]]. The presence of [[God]] in heaven, is the health and happiness of the saints. This tree was an emblem of [[Christ]], and of all the blessings of his [[salvation]]; and the leaves for the [[healing]] of the nations, mean that his favour and presence supply all good to the inhabitants of that blessed world. The devil has no power there; he cannot draw the saints from serving [[God]], nor can he disturb them in the service of [[God]]. [[God]] and the Lamb are here spoken of as one. Service there shall be not only freedom, but honour and dominion. There will be no night; no affliction or dejection, no pause in service or enjoyment: no diversions or pleasures or man's inventing will there be wanted. How different all this from gross and merely human views of heavenly happiness, even those which refer to pleasures of the mind!
'''Verses''' 6-19
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] spake by the angel, solemnly confirming the contents of this book, particularly of this last vision. He is the [[Lord]] [[God]] faithful and true. Also by his messengers; the holy angels showed them to holy men of [[God]]. They are things that must shortly be done; Christ will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt. And by the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle's interpreter. He refused to accept religious [[worship]] from John, and reproved him for offering it. This presents another testimony against idolatrous worship of saints and angels. [[God]] calls every one to witness to the declarations here made. This book, thus kept open, will have effect upon men; the filthy and unjust will be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those who are upright with [[God]]. Never let us think that a dead or disobedient [[faith]] will save us, for the First and the Last has declared that those alone are blessed who do his commandments. It is a book that shuts out form heaven all wicked and unrighteous persons, particularly those who [[love]] and make lies, therefore cannot itself be a lie. There is no middle place or condition. [[Jesus]], who is the [[Spirit]] of prophecy, has given his [[church]]es this morning-light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of the perfect day approaching. All is confirmed by an open and general invitation to mankind, to come and partake freely of the promises and of the privileges of the [[gospel]]. The Spirit, by the sacred word, and by convictions and influence in the sinner's conscience, says, Come to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] for [[salvation]]; and the bride, or the whole [[church]], on earth and in heaven, says, Come and share our happiness. Lest any should hesitate, it is added, Let whosoever will, or, is willing, come and take of the water of life freely. May every one who hears or reads these words, desire at once to accept the gracious invitation. All are condemned who should dare to corrupt or change the word of [[God]], either by adding to it, or taking from it.
'''Verses''' 20, 21
After discovering these things to his people on earth, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] seems to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he assures them it shall not be long before he comes again. And while we are busy in the duties of our different stations of life; whatever labours may try us, whatever difficulties may surround us, whatever sorrows may press us down, let us with pleasure hear our [[Lord]] proclaiming, Behold, I come quickly; I come to put an end to the labour and suffering of my servants. I come, and my reward of [[grace]] is with me, to recompense, with royal bounty, every work of [[faith]] and labour of love. I come to receive my faithful, persevering people to myself, to dwell for ever in that blissful world. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]], even so, come, [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. A blessing closes the whole. By the [[grace]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we must be kept in joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be joyful to those who partake of his [[grace]] and favour here. Let all add, [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]]. Let us earnestly thirst after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed [[Jesus]] in our souls, and his gracious presence with us, till [[glory]] has made perfect his [[grace]] toward us. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, [[world]] without end. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]].
{{mhc bottom}}
[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Book of Revelation]]
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Revelation |
subtopics = [[Apostle John|John]]
* [[Eschatology]] |
subtopics = [[Apostle Paul]], [[Text:EBD:Revelation|Revelation]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Revelation, Book of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Revelation]] |
}}
Read the Book of [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Revelation 1|1]]
[[Revelation 2|2]]
[[Revelation 3|3]]
[[Revelation 4|4]]
[[Revelation 5|5]]
[[Revelation 6|6]]
[[Revelation 7|7]]
[[Revelation 8|8]]
[[Revelation 9|9]]
[[Revelation 10|10]]
[[Revelation 11|11]]
[[Revelation 12|12]]
[[Revelation 13|13]]
[[Revelation 14|14]]
[[Revelation 15|15]]
[[Revelation 16|16]]
[[Revelation 17|17]]
[[Revelation 18|18]]
[[Revelation 19|19]]
[[Revelation 20|20]]
[[Revelation 21|21]]
[[Revelation 22|22]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Revelation 22|22]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Book of Revelation]]'''
The Book of the Revelation of St. John consists of two principal divisions. 1. Relates to "the things which are," that is, the then present state of the [[church]], and contains the epistle of John to the seven [[church]]es, and his account of the appearance of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and his direction to the apostle to write what he beheld, ch. 1:9-20. Also the addresses or epistles to seven [[church]]es of Asia. These, doubtless, had reference to the state of the respective [[church]]es, as they then existed, but contain excellent precepts and exhortations, commendations and reproofs, promises and threatenings, suitable to instruct the [[Christian]] [[church]] at all times. 2. Contains a prophecy of "the things which shall be hereafter," and describes the future state of the [[church]], from the time when the apostle beheld the visions here recorded. It is intended for our spiritual improvement; to warn the careless sinner, point out the way of [[salvation]] to the awakened inquirer, build up the weak [[believer]], comfort the afflicted and tempted [[Christian]], and, we may especially add, to strengthen the martyr of [[Christ]], under the cruel persecutions and sufferings inflicted by [[Satan]] and his followers.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Divine]] origin, the design, and the importance of this book.
(1-3)
The apostle John salutes the seven [[church]]es of Asia.
(4-8)
Declares when, where, and how, the revelation was made to him.
(9-11)
His vision, in which he saw [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appear.
(12-20)
'''Verses''' 1-3
This book is the Revelation of [[Jesus]] Christ; the whole [[Bible]] is so; for all revelation comes through [[Christ]], and all relates to him. Its principal subject is to discover the purposes of [[God]] concerning the affairs of the [[church]], and of the nations as connected therewith, to the end of the world. These events would surely come to pass; and they would begin to come to pass very shortly. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is himself [[God]], and has light and life in himself, yet, as Mediator between [[God]] and man, he receives instructions from the Father. To him we owe the knowledge of what we are to expect from [[God]], and what he expects from us. The subject of this revelation was, the things that must shortly come to pass. On all who read or hear the words of the prophecy, a blessing is pronounced. Those are well employed who search the [[Bible]]. It is not enough that we read and hear, but we must keep the things that are written, in our memories, in our minds, in our affections, and in practice, and we shall be blessed in the deed. Even the mysteries and difficulties of this book are united with discoveries of [[God]], suited to impress the mind with awe, and to purify the soul of the reader, though he may not discern the prophetic meaning. No part of Scripture more fully states the [[gospel]], and warns against the evil of sin.
'''Verses''' 4-8
There can be no true [[peace]], where there is not true grace; and where [[grace]] goeth before, [[peace]] will follow. This blessing is in the name of [[God]], of the Holy Trinity, it is an act of adoration. The Father is first named; he is described as the [[Jehovah]] who is, and who was, and who is to come, eternal, unchangeable. The [[Holy Spirit]] is called the seven spirits, the perfect [[Spirit]] of [[God]], in whom there is a diversity of gifts and operations. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] was from eternity, a Witness to all the counsels of [[God]]. He is the First-born from the dead, who will by his own power raise up his people. He is the Prince of the kings of the earth; by him their counsels are overruled, and to him they are accountable. Sin leaves a stain of guilt and pollution upon the soul. Nothing can fetch out this stain but the blood of Christ; and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shed his own blood to satisfy [[Divine]] justice, and purchase [[pardon]] and purity for his people. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has made [[believer]]s kings and priests to [[God]] and his Father. As such they overcome the world, mortify [[sin]], govern their own spirits, resist [[Satan]], prevail with [[God]] in [[prayer]], and shall judge the world. He has made them priests, given them access to [[God]], enabled them to offer spiritual and acceptable sacrifices, and for these favours they are bound to ascribe to him dominion and [[glory]] for ever. He will judge the world. Attention is called to that great day when all will see the wisdom and happiness of the friends of [[Christ]], and the madness and misery of his enemies. Let us think frequently upon the second coming of [[Christ]]. He shall come, to the terror of those who wound and crucify him by apostacy: he shall come, to the astonishment of the whole [[world]] of the ungodly. He is the Beginning and the End; all things are from him and for him; he is the Almighty; the same eternal and unchanged One. And if we would be numbered with his saints in [[glory]] everlasting, we must now willing submit to him receive him, and honour him as a saviour, who we believe will come to be our Judge. Alas, that there should be many, who would wish never to die, and that there should not be a day of judgment!
'''Verses''' 9-11
It was the apostle's comfort that he did not suffer as an evil-doer, but for the testimony of [[Jesus]], for bearing witness to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as the Immanuel, the [[Saviour]]; and the [[Spirit]] of [[glory]] and of [[God]] rested upon this persecuted apostle. The day and time when he had this vision was the [[Lord]]'s day, the [[Christian]] sabbath, the first day of the week, observed in remembrance of the resurrection of [[Christ]]. Let us who call him "Our [[Lord]]," honour him on his own day. The name shows how this sacred day should be observed; the [[Lord]]'s day should be wholly devoted to the [[Lord]], and none of its hours employed in a sensual, worldly manner, or in amusements. He was in a serious, heavenly, spiritual frame, under the gracious influences of the [[Spirit]] of [[God]]. Those who would enjoy communion with [[God]] on the [[Lord]]'s day, must seek to draw their thoughts and affections from earthly things. And if [[believer]]s are kept on the [[Lord]]'s holy day, from public ordinances and the communion of saints, by necessity and not by choice, they may look for comfort in meditation and secret duties, from the influences of the [[Spirit]]; and by hearing the voice and contemplating the [[glory]] of their beloved [[Saviour]], from whose gracious words and power no confinement or outward circumstances can separate them. An alarm was given as with the sound of the trumpet, and then the apostle heard the voice of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 12-20
The [[church]]es receive their light from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and the [[gospel]], and hold it forth to others. They are golden candlesticks; they should be precious and pure; not only the ministers, but the members of the [[church]]es; their light should so shine before men, as to engage others to give [[glory]] to [[God]]. And the apostle saw as though of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appeared in the midst of the golden candlesticks. He is with his [[church]]es always, to the end of the world, filling them with light, and life, and love. He was clothed with a robe down to the feet, perhaps representing his righteousness and priesthood, as Mediator. This vest was girt with a golden girdle, which may denote how precious are his [[love]] and affection for his people. His head and hairs white like wool and as snow, may signify his majesty, purity, and eternity. His eyes as a flame of fire, may represent his knowledge of the secrets of all hearts, and of the most distant events. His feet like fine brass burning in a furnace, may denote the firmness of his appointments, and the excellence of his proceedings. His voice as the sound of many waters, may represent the power of his word, to remove or to destroy. The seven stars were emblems of the ministers of the seven [[church]]es to which the apostle was ordered to write, and whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upheld and directed. The sword represented his justice, and his word, piercing to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, Heb 4:12. His countenance was like the sun, when it shines clearly and powerfully; its strength too bright and dazzling for mortal eyes to behold. The apostle was overpowered with the greatness of the lustre and [[glory]] in which Christ appeared. We may well be contented to walk by faith, while here upon earth. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] spake words of comfort; Fear not. Words of instruction; telling who thus appeared. And his [[Divine]] nature; the First and the Last. His former sufferings; I was dead: the very same whom his disciples saw upon the cross. His resurrection and life; I have conquered death, and am partaker of endless life. His office and authority; sovereign dominion in and over the invisible world, as the Judge of all, from whose sentence there is no appeal. Let us listen to the voice of [[Christ]], and receive the tokens of his love, for what can he withhold from those for whose sins he has died? May we then obey his word, and give up ourselves wholly to him who directs all things aright.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
Epistles to the [[church]]es in Asia, with warnings and encouragements, To the [[church]] at Ephesus;
(1-7)
at Smyrna;
(8-11)
at Pergamos;
(12-17)
and at Thyatira.
(18-29)
'''Verses''' 1-7
These [[church]]es were in such different states as to purity of doctrine and the power of [[godliness]], that the words of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to them will always suit the cases of other [[church]]es, and professors. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knows and observes their state; though in heaven, yet he walks in the midst of his [[church]]es on earth, observing what is wrong in them, and what they want. The [[church]] of Ephesus is commended for diligence in duty. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] keeps an account of every hour's work his servants do for him, and their labour shall not be in vain in the [[Lord]]. But it is not enough that we are diligent; there must be bearing patience, and there must be waiting patience. And though we must show all meekness to all men, yet we must show just zeal against their sins. The [[sin]] [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] charged this [[church]] with, is, not the having left and forsaken the object of love, but having lost the fervent degree of it that at first appeared. Christ is displeased with his people, when he sees them grow remiss and cold toward him. Surely this mention in Scripture, of [[Christians]] forsaking their first love, reproves those who speak of it with carelessness, and thus try to excuse indifference and sloth in themselves and others; our [[Saviour]] considers this indifference as sinful. They must repent: they must be grieved and ashamed for their sinful declining, and humbly confess it in the sight of [[God]]. They must endeavour to recover their first zeal, tenderness, and seriousness, and must pray as earnestly, and watch as diligently, as when they first set out in the ways of [[God]]. If the presence of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] and [[Spirit]] is slighted, we may expect the presence of his displeasure. Encouraging mention is made of what was good among them. Indifference as to truth and error, good and evil, may be called charity and meekness, but it is not so; and it is displeasing to [[Christ]]. The [[Christian]] life is a warfare against [[sin]], [[Satan]], the world, and the flesh. We must never yield to our spiritual enemies, and then we shall have a glorious triumph and reward. All who persevere, shall derive from [[Christ]], as the Tree of life, perfection and confirmation in [[holiness]] and happiness, not in the earthly paradise, but in the heavenly. This is a figurative expression, taken from the account of the garden of [[Eden]], denoting the pure, satisfactory, and eternal joys of heaven; and the looking forward to them in this world, by faith, communion with [[Christ]], and the consolations of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Believers, take your wrestling life here, and expect and look for a quiet life hereafter; but not till then: the word of [[God]] never promises quietness and complete freedom from conflict here.
'''Verses''' 8-11
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the First, for by him were all things made; he was before all things, with [[God]], and is [[God]] himself. He is the Last, for he will be the Judge of all. As this First and Last, who was dead and is alive, is the [[believer]]'s Brother and Friend, he must be rich in the deepest poverty, honourable amidst the lowest abasement, and happy under the heaviest tribulation, like the [[church]] of Smyrna. Many who are rich as to this world, are poor as to the next; and some who are poor outwardly, are inwardly rich; rich in faith, in good works, rich in privileges, rich in gifts, rich in hope. Where there is spiritual plenty, outward poverty may be well borne; and when [[God]]'s people are made poor as to this life, for the sake of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and a good conscience, he makes all up to them in spiritual riches. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] arms against coming troubles. Fear none of these things; not only forbid slavish fear, but subdue it, furnishing the soul with strength and courage. It should be to try them, not to destroy them. Observe, the sureness of the reward; "I will give thee:" they shall have the reward from [[Christ]]'s own hand. Also, how suitable it is; "a crown of life:" the life worn out in his service, or laid down in his cause, shall be rewarded with a much better life, which shall be eternal. The second [[death]] is unspeakably worse than the first death, both in the agonies of it, and as it is eternal death: it is indeed awful to die, and to be always dying. If a man is kept from the second [[death]] and wrath to come, he may patiently endure whatever he meets with in this world.
'''Verses''' 12-17
The word of [[God]] is a sword, able to slay both [[sin]] and sinners. It turns and cuts every way; but the [[believer]] need not [[fear]] this sword; yet this confidence cannot be supported without steady obedience. As our [[Lord]] notices all the advantages and opportunities we have for duty in the places where we dwell, so he notices our [[temptations]] and discouragements from the same causes. In a situation of trials, the [[church]] of Pergamos had not denied the faith, either by open apostacy, or by giving way so as to avoid the cross. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commends their stedfastness, but reproves their sinful failures. A wrong view of [[gospel]] doctrine and [[Christian]] liberty, was a root of bitterness from which evil practices grew. [[Repentance]] is the duty of [[church]]es and bodies of men, as well as of particular persons; those who sin together, should repent together. Here is the promise of favour to those that overcome. The influences and comforts of the [[Spirit]] of [[Christ]], come down from heaven into the soul, for its support. This is hidden from the rest of the world. The new name is the name of adoption; when the [[Holy Spirit]] shows his own work in the [[believer]]'s soul, this new name and its real import are understood by him.
'''Verses''' 18-29
Even when the [[Lord]] knows the works of his people to be wrought in love, faith, zeal, and patience; yet if his eyes, which are as a flame of fire, observe them committing or allowing what is evil, he will rebuke, correct, or punish them. Here is praise of the ministry and people of Thyatira, by One who knew the principles from which they acted. They grew wiser and better. All [[Christians]] should earnestly desire that their last works may be their best works. Yet this [[church]] connived at some wicked seducers. [[God]] is known by the judgments he executes; and by this upon seducers, he shows his certain knowledge of the hearts of men, of their principles, designs, frame, and temper. Encouragement is given to those who kept themselves pure and undefiled. It is dangerous to despise the mystery of [[God]], and as dangerous to receive the mysteries of [[Satan]]. Let us beware of the depths of [[Satan]], of which those who know the least are the most happy. How tender [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is of his faithful servants! He lays nothing upon his servants but what is for their good. There is promise of an ample reward to the persevering, victorious [[believer]]; also knowledge and wisdom, suitable to their power and dominion. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] brings day with him into the soul, the light of [[grace]] and of glory, in the presence and enjoyment of him their [[Lord]] and [[Saviour]]. After every victory let us follow up our advantage against the enemy, that we may overcome and keep the works of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to the end.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
Epistles to the [[church]] at Sardis;
(1-6)
at Philadelphia;
(7-13)
and Laodicea.
(14-22)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is He that hath the [[Holy Spirit]] with all his powers, graces, and operations. Hypocrisy, and lamentable decay in [[religion]], are sins charged upon Sardis, by One who knew that [[church]] well, and all her works. Outward things appeared well to men, but there was only the form of [[godliness]], not the power; a name to live, not a principle of life. There was great deadness in their souls, and in their services; numbers were wholly hypocrites, others were in a disordered and lifeless state. Our [[Lord]] called upon them to be watchful against their enemies, and to be active and earnest in their duties; and to endeavour, in dependence on the [[grace]] of the [[Holy Spirit]], to revive and strengthen the [[faith]] and spiritual affections of those yet alive to [[God]], though in a declining state. Whenever we are off our watch, we lose ground. Thy works are hollow and empty; [[prayer]]s are not filled up with holy desires, alms-deeds not filled up with true charity, sabbaths not filled up with suitable devotion of soul to [[God]]. There are not inward affections suitable to outward acts and expressions; when the spirit is wanting, the form cannot long remain. In seeking a revival in our own souls, or the souls of others, it is needful to compare what we profess with the manner in which we go on, that we may be humbled and quickened to hold fast that which remains. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] enforces his counsel with a dreadful threatening if it should be despised. Yet our blessed [[Lord]] does not leave this sinful people without some encouragement. He makes honourable mention of the faithful remnant in Sardis, he makes a gracious promise to them. He that overcometh shall be clothed in white raiment; the purity of [[grace]] shall be rewarded with the perfect purity of glory. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has his book of life, a register of all who shall inherit [[eternal life]]; the book of remembrance of all who live to [[God]], and keep up the life and power of [[godliness]] in evil times. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will bring forward this book of life, and show the names of the faithful, before [[God]], and all the angels, at the great day.
'''Verses''' 7-13
The same [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] has the key of government and authority in and over the [[church]]. He opens a door of opportunity to his [[church]]es; he opens a door of utterance to his ministers; he opens a door of entrance, opens the heart. He shuts the door of heaven against the foolish, who sleep away their day of grace; and against the workers of iniquity, how vain and confident soever they may be. The [[church]] in Philadelphia is commended; yet with a gentle reproof. Although [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] accepts a little strength, yet [[believer]]s must not rest satisfied in a little, but strive to grow in grace, to be strong in faith, giving [[glory]] to [[God]]. Christ can discover this his favour to his people, so that their enemies shall be forced to acknowledge it. This, by the [[grace]] of [[Christ]], will soften their enemies, and make them desire to be admitted into communion with his people. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promises preserving [[grace]] in the most trying times, as the reward of past faithfulness; To him that hath shall be given. Those who keep the [[gospel]] in a time of [[peace]], shall be kept by Christ in an hour of temptation; and the same [[Divine]] [[grace]] that has made them fruitful in times of [[peace]], will make them faithful in times of persecution. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promises a glorious reward to the victorious [[believer]]. He shall be a monumental pillar in the [[temple]] of [[God]]; a monument of the free and powerful [[grace]] of [[God]]; a monument that shall never be defaced or removed. On this pillar shall be written the new name of Christ; by this will appear, under whom the [[believer]] fought the good fight, and came off victorious.
'''Verses''' 14-22
Laodicea was the last and worst of the seven [[church]]es of Asia. Here our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] styles himself, "The [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]];" one steady and unchangeable in all his purposes and promises. If [[religion]] is worth anything, it is worth every thing. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] expects men should be in earnest. How many professors of [[gospel]] doctrine are neither hot nor cold; except as they are indifferent in needful matters, and hot and fiery in disputes about things of lesser moment! A severe punishment is threatened. They would give a false opinion of [[Christianity]], as if it were an unholy [[religion]]; while others would conclude it could afford no real satisfaction, otherwise its professors would not have been heartless in it, or so ready to seek pleasure or happiness from the world. One cause of this indifference and inconsistency in [[religion]] is, self-conceit and self-delusion; "Because thou sayest." What a difference between their thoughts of themselves, and the thoughts [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had of them! How careful should we be not to cheat our owns souls! There are many in hell, who once thought themselves far in the way to heaven. Let us beg of [[God]] that we may not be left to flatter and deceive ourselves. Professors grow proud, as they become carnal and formal. Their state was wretched in itself. They were poor; really poor, when they said and thought they were rich. They could not see their state, nor their way, nor their danger, yet they thought they saw it. They had not the garment of justification, nor sanctification: they were exposed to sin and shame; their rags that would defile them. They were naked, without house or harbour, for they were without [[God]], in whom alone the soul of man can find rest and safety. Good counsel was given by [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to this sinful people. Happy those who take his counsel, for all others must perish in their sins. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] lets them know where they might have true riches, and how they might have them. Some things must be parted with, but nothing valuable; and it is only to make room for receiving true riches. Part with [[sin]] and self-confidence, that you may be filled with his hidden treasure. They must receive from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the white raiment he purchased and provided for them; his own imputed righteousness for justification, and the garments of [[holiness]] and sanctification. Let them give themselves up to his word and Spirit, and their eyes shall be opened to see their way and their end. Let us examine ourselves by the rule of his word, and pray earnestly for the teaching of his Holy Spirit, to take away our pride, prejudices, and worldly lusts. Sinners ought to take the rebukes of [[God]]'s word and rod, as tokens of his love to their souls. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stood without; knocking, by the dealings of his providence, the warnings and teaching of his word, and the influences of his Spirit. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] still graciously, by his word and Spirit, comes to the door of the hearts of sinners. Those who open to him shall enjoy his presence. If what he finds would make but a poor feast, what he brings will supply a rich one. He will give fresh supplies of graces and comforts. In the conclusion is a promise to the overcoming [[believer]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself had [[temptations]] and conflicts; he overcame them all, and was more than a conqueror. Those made like to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in his trials, shall be made like to him in glory. All is closed with the general demand of attention. And these counsels, while suited to the [[church]]es to which they were addressed, are deeply interesting to all men.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
A vision of [[God]], as on his glorious throne, around which were twenty-four elders and four living creatures.
(1-8)
Whose songs, and those of the holy angels, the apostle heard.
(9-11)
'''Verses''' 1-8
After the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] had instructed the apostle to write to the [[church]]es "the things that are," there was another vision. The apostle saw a throne set in heaven, an emblem of the universal dominion of [[Jehovah]]. He saw a glorious One upon the throne, not described by human features, so as to be represented by a likeness or image, but only by his surpassing brightness. These seem emblems of the excellence of the [[Divine]] nature, and of [[God]]'s awful justice. The rainbow is a fit emblem of that covenant of promise which [[God]] has made with [[Christ]], as the Head of the [[church]], and with all his people in him. The prevailing colour was a pleasant green, showing the reviving and refreshing nature of the new covenant. Four-and-twenty seats around the throne, were filled with four-and-twenty elders, representing, probably, the whole [[church]] of [[God]]. Their sitting denotes honour, rest, and satisfaction; their sitting about the throne signifies nearness to [[God]], the sight and enjoyment they have of him. They were clothed in white raiment; the imputed righteousness of the saints and their [[holiness]]: they had on their heads crowns of gold, signifying the [[glory]] they have with him. Lightnings and voices came from the throne; the awful declarations [[God]] makes to his [[church]], of his sovereign will and pleasure. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne; the gifts, graces, and operations of the [[Spirit]] of [[God]] in the [[church]]es of [[Christ]], dispensed according to the will and pleasure of Him who sits upon the throne. In the [[gospel]] [[church]], the laver for purification is the blood of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], which cleanses from all sin. In this all must be washed, to be admitted into the gracious presence of [[God]] on earth, and his glorious presence in heaven. The apostle saw four living creatures, between the throne and the circle of the elders, standing between [[God]] and the people. These seem to signify the true ministers of the [[gospel]], because of their place between [[God]] and the people. This also is shown by the description given, denoting wisdom, courage, diligence, and discretion, and the affections by which they mount up toward heaven.
'''Verses''' 9-11
All true [[believer]]s wholly ascribe their redemption and conversion, their present privileges and future hopes, to the eternal and most holy [[God]]. Thus rise the for-ever harmonious, thankful songs of the redeemed in heaven. Would we on earth do like them, let our praises be constant, not interrupted; united, not divided; thankful, not cold and formal; humble, not self-confident.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
A book sealed with seven seals, which could be opened by none but [[Christ]], who took the book to open it.
(1-7)
Upon which all honour is ascribed to him, as worthy to open it.
(8-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The apostle saw in the hand of Him that sat upon the throne, a roll of parchments in the form usual in those times, and sealed with seven seals. This represented the secret purposes of [[God]] about to be revealed. The designs and methods of [[Divine]] Providence, toward the [[church]] and the world, are stated, fixed, and made a matter of record. The counsels of [[God]] are altogether hidden from the eye and understanding of the creature. The several parts are not unsealed and opened at once, but after each other, till the whole mystery of [[God]]'s counsel and conduct is finished in the world. The creatures cannot open it, nor read it; the [[Lord]] only can do so. Those who see most of [[God]], are most desirous to see more; and those who have seen his glory, desire to know his will. But even good men may be too eager and hasty to look into the mysteries of the [[Divine]] conduct. Such desires, if not soon answered, turn to grief and sorrow. If John wept much because he could not look into the book of [[God]]'s decrees, what reason have many to shed floods of tears for their ignorance of the [[gospel]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] of that on which everlasting [[salvation]] depends! We need not weep that we cannot foresee future events respecting ourselves in this world; the eager expectation of future prospects, or the foresight of future calamities, would alike unfit us for present duties and conflicts, or render our prosperous days distressing. Yet we may desire to learn, from the promises and prophecies of Scripture, what will be the final event to [[believer]]s and to the [[church]]; and the Incarnate Son has prevailed, that we should learn all that we need to know. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stands as Mediator between [[God]] and both ministers and people. He is called a Lion, but he appears as a Lamb slain. He appears with the marks of his sufferings, to show that he pleads for us in heaven, in virtue of his satisfaction. He appears as a Lamb, having seven horns and seven eyes; perfect power to execute all the will of [[God]], and perfect wisdom to understand it, and to do it in the most effectual manner. The Father put the book of his eternal counsels into the hand of [[Christ]], and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] readily and gladly took it into his hand; for he delights to make known the will of his Father; and the [[Holy Spirit]] is given by him to reveal the truth and will of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 8-14
It is matter of [[joy]] to all the world, to see that [[God]] deals with men in [[grace]] and [[mercy]] through the [[Redeemer]]. He governs the world, not merely as a Creator, but as our [[Saviour]]. The harps were instruments of praise; the vials were full of odours, or incense, which signify the [[prayer]]s of the saints: [[prayer]] and praise should always go together. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has redeemed his people from the bondage of [[sin]], guilt, and [[Satan]]. He has not only purchased liberty for them, but the highest honour and preferment; he made them kings and priests; kings, to rule over their own spirits, and to overcome the world, and the evil one; and he makes them priests; giving them access to himself, and liberty to offer up spiritual sacrifices. What words can more fully declare that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is, and ought to be worshipped, equally with the Father, by all creatures, to all eternity! Happy those who shall adore and praise in heaven, and who shall for ever bless the Lamb, who delivered and set them apart for himself by his blood. How worthy art thou, O [[God]], Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, of our highest praises! All creatures should proclaim thy greatness, and adore thy majesty.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The opening of the seals, The first, second, third, and fourth.
(1-8)
The fifth.
(9-11)
The sixth.
(12-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
[[Christ]], the Lamb, opens the first seal: observe what appeared. A rider on a white horse. By the going forth of this white horse, a time of [[peace]], or the early progress of the [[Christian]] [[religion]], seems to be intended; its going forth in purity, at the time when its heavenly Founder sent his apostles to teach all nations, adding, Lo! I am with you always, even to the end of the world. The [[Divine]] [[religion]] goes out crowned, having the [[Divine]] favour resting upon it, armed spiritually against its foes, and destined to be victorious in the end. On opening the second seal, a red horse appeared; this signifies desolating judgments. The sword of war and persecution is a dreadful judgment; it takes away [[peace]] from the earth, one of the greatest blessings; and men who should [[love]] one another, and help one another, are set upon killing one another. Such scenes also followed the pure age of early [[Christianity]], when, neglectful of charity and the bond of [[peace]], the [[Christian]] leaders, divided among themselves, appealed to the sword, and entangled themselves in guilt. On opening the third seal, a black horse appeared; a colour denoting mourning and woe, darkness and ignorance. He that sat on it had a yoke in his hand. Attempts were made to put a yoke of superstitious observances on the disciples. As the stream of [[Christianity]] flowed further from its pure fountain, it became more and more corrupt. During the progress of this black horse, the necessaries of life should be at excessive prices, and the more costly things should not be hurt. According to prophetic language, these articles signified that food of religious knowledge, by which the souls of men are sustained unto everlasting life; such we are invited to buy, Isa 55:1. But when the dark clouds of ignorance and superstition, denoted by the black horse, spread over the [[Christian]] world, the knowledge and practice of true [[religion]] became scarce. When a people loathe their spiritual food, [[God]] may justly deprive them of their daily bread. The famine of bread is a terrible judgment; but the famine of the word is more so. Upon opening the fourth seal, another horse appeared, of a pale colour. The rider was Death, the king of terrors. The attendants, or followers of this king of terrors, hell, a state of eternal misery to all who die in their sins; and in times of general destruction, multitudes go down unprepared into the pit. The period of the fourth seal is one of great slaughter and devastation, destroying whatever may tend to make life happy, making ravages on the spiritual lives of men. Thus the mystery of iniquity was completed, and its power extended both over the lives and consciences of men. The exact times of these four seals cannot be ascertained, for the changes were gradual. [[God]] gave them power, that is, those instruments of his anger, or those judgments: all public calamities are at his command; they only go forth when [[God]] sends them, and no further than he permits.
'''Verses''' 9-11
The sight the apostle beheld at the opening the fifth seal was very affecting. He saw the souls of the martyrs under the altar; at the foot of the altar in heaven, at the feet of [[Christ]]. Persecutors can only kill the body; after that there is no more they can do; the soul lives. [[God]] has provided a good place in the better world, for those who are faithful unto death. It is not their own death, but the sacrifice of [[Christ]], that gives them entrance into heaven. The cause in which they suffered, was for the word of [[God]]; the best any man can lay down his life for; [[faith]] in [[God]]'s word, and the unshaken confession of that faith. They commit their cause to Him to whom vengeance belongs. The [[Lord]] is the comforter of his afflicted servants, and precious is their blood in his sight. As the measure of the [[sin]] of persecutors is filling up, so is the number of the persecuted, martyred servants of [[Christ]]. When this is fulfilled, [[God]] will send tribulation to those who trouble them, and unbroken happiness and rest to those that are troubled.
'''Verses''' 12-17
When the sixth seal was opened, there was a great earthquake. The foundations of [[church]]es and states would be terribly shaken. Such bold figurative descriptions of great changes abound in the prophecies of Scripture; for these events are emblems, and declare the end of the [[world]] and the day of judgment. Dread and terror would seize on all sorts of men. Neither grandeur, riches, valour, nor strength, can support men at that time. They would be glad to be no more seen; yea, to have no longer any being. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] be a Lamb, he can be angry, and the wrath of the Lamb is exceedingly dreadful; for if the [[Redeemer]] himself, who appeases the wrath of [[God]], be our enemy, where shall we find a friend to plead for us? As men have their day of opportunity, and their seasons of grace, so [[God]] has his day of righteous wrath. It seems that the overthrow of the paganism of the Roman empire is here meant. The idolaters are described as hiding themselves in their dens and secret caves, and vainly seeking to escape ruin. In such a day, when the signs of the times show those who believe in [[God]]'s word, that the King of kings is approaching, [[Christians]] are called to a decided course, and to a bold confession of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his truth before their fellowmen. Whatever they may have to endure, the short contempt of man is to be borne, rather than that shame which is everlasting.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
A pause between two great periods.
(1-3)
The [[peace]], happiness, and safety of the saints, as signified by an angel's sealing 144,000.
(4-8)
A song of praise.
(9-12)
The blessedness and [[glory]] of those that suffered martyrdom for [[Christ]].
(13-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
In the figurative language of Scripture, the blowing of the four winds together, means a dreadful and general destruction. But the destruction is delayed. Seals were used to mark for each person his own possessions. This mark is the witness of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], printed in the hearts of [[believer]]s. And the [[Lord]] would not suffer his people to be afflicted before they were marked, that they might be prepared against all conflicts. And, observe, of those who are thus sealed by the Spirit, the seal must be on the forehead, plainly to be seen alike by friends and foes, but not by the [[believer]] himself, except as he looks stedfastly in the glass of [[God]]'s word. The number of those who were sealed, may be understood to stand for the remnant of people which [[God]] reserved. Though the [[church]] of [[God]] is but a little flock, in comparison with the wicked world, yet it is a society really large, and to be still more enlarged. Here the universal [[church]] is figured under the type of [[Israel]].
'''Verses''' 9-12
The first fruits of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] having led the way, the [[Gentiles]] converted later follow, and ascribe their [[salvation]] to [[God]] and the [[Redeemer]], with triumph. In acts of religious [[worship]] we come nigh to [[God]], and must come by Christ; the throne of [[God]] could not be approached by sinners, were it not for a Mediator. They were clothed with the robes of justification, [[holiness]], and victory; and they had palms in their hands, as conquerors used to appear in their triumphs. Such a glorious appearance will the faithful servants of [[God]] make at last, when they have fought the good fight of faith, and finished their course. With a loud voice they gave to [[God]] and the Lamb the praise of the great [[salvation]]. Those who enjoy eternal happiness must and will bless both the Father and the Son; they will do it publicly, and with fervour. We see what is the work of heaven, and we ought to begin it now, to have our hearts much in it, and to long for that [[world]] where our praises, as well as our happiness, will be made perfect.
'''Verses''' 13-17
Faithful [[Christians]] deserve our notice and respect; we should mark the upright. Those who would gain knowledge, must not be ashamed to seek instruction from any who can give it. The way to heaven is through many tribulations; but tribulation, how great soever, shall not separate us from the [[love]] of [[God]]. Tribulation makes heaven more welcome and more glorious. It is not the blood of the martyrs, but the blood of the Lamb, that can wash away [[sin]], and make the soul pure and clean in the sight of [[God]]; other blood stains, this is the only blood that makes the robes of the saints white and clean. They are happy in their employment; heaven is a state of service, though not of suffering; it is a state of rest, but not of sloth; it is a praising, delightful rest. They have had sorrows, and shed many tears on account of [[sin]] and affliction; but [[God]] himself, with his own gracious hand, will wipe those tears away. He deals with them as a tender father. This should support the [[Christian]] under all his troubles. As all the redeemed owe their happiness wholly to sovereign [[mercy]]; so the work and [[worship]] of [[God]] their [[Saviour]] is their element; his presence and favour complete their happiness, nor can they conceive of any other joy. To Him may all his people come; from him they receive every needed grace; and to him let them offer all praise and glory.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The seventh seal is opened and seven angels appear with seven trumpets, ready to proclaim the purposes of [[God]].
(1, 2)
Another angel casts fire on the earth, which produces terrible storms of vengeance.
(3-5)
The seven angels prepare to sound their trumpets.
(6)
Four sound them.
(7-12)
Another angel denounces greater woes to come.
(13)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The seventh seal is opened. There was profound silence in heaven for a space; all was quiet in the [[church]], for whenever the [[church]] on earth cries through oppression, that cry reaches up to heaven; or it is a silence of expectation. Trumpets were given to the angels, who were to sound them. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the High Priest of the [[church]], having a golden censer, and much incense, fulness of merit in his own glorious person. Would that men studied to know the fulness that is in [[Christ]], and endeavoured to be acquainted with his excellency. Would that they were truly persuaded that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has such an office as that of Intercessor, which he now performs with deep sympathy. No [[prayer]]s, thus recommended, was ever denied hearing and acceptance. These [[prayer]]s, thus accepted in heaven, produced great changes upon earth. The [[Christian]] [[worship]] and [[religion]], pure and heavenly in its origin and nature, when sent down to earth and conflicting with the passions and worldly projects of sinful men, produced remarkable tumults, here set forth in prophetical language, as our [[Lord]] himself declared, Lu 12:49.
'''Verses''' 7-13
The first angel sounded the first trumpet, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood. A storm of heresies, a mixture of dreadful errors falling on the [[church]], or a tempest of destruction. The second angel sounded, and a great mountain, burning with fire, was cast into the sea; and the third part of the sea became blood. By this mountain some understand leaders of the persecutions; others, Rome sacked by the Goths and Vandals, with great slaughter and cruelty. The third angel sounded, and there fell a star from heaven. Some take this to be an eminent governor; others take it to be some person in power who corrupted the [[church]]es of [[Christ]]. The doctrines of the [[gospel]], the springs of spiritual life, comfort, and vigour, to the souls of men, are corrupted and made bitter by the mixture of dangerous errors, so that the souls of men find ruin where they sought refreshment. The fourth angel sounded, and darkness fell upon the great lights of heaven, that give light to the world, the sun, and the moon, and the stars. The guides and governors are placed higher than the people, and are to dispense light, and kind influences to them. Where the [[gospel]] comes to a people, and has not proper effects on their hearts and lives, it is followed with dreadful judgments. [[God]] gives alarm by the written word, by ministers, by men's own consciences, and by the signs of the times; so that if people are surprised, it is their own fault. The [[anger]] of [[God]] makes all comforts bitter, and even life itself burdensome. But [[God]], in this world, sets bounds to the most terrible judgments. Corruption of doctrine and [[worship]] in the [[church]] are great judgments, and also are the usual causes and tokens of other judgments coming on a people. Before the other three trumpets were sounded, there was solemn warning how terrible the calamities would be that should follow. If lesser judgments do not take effect the [[church]] and the world must expect greater; and when [[God]] comes to punish the world, the inhabitants shall tremble before him. Let sinners take warning to flee from the wrath to come; let [[believer]]s learn to value and to be thankful for their privileges; and let them patiently continue in well doing.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The fifth trumpet is followed by a representation of another star as falling from heaven and opening the bottomless pit, out of which come swarms of locusts.
(1-12)
The sixth trumpet is followed by the loosing of four angels bound in the great river Euphrates.
(13-21)
'''Verses''' 1-12
Upon sounding the fifth trumpet, a star fell from heaven to the earth. Having ceased to be a minister of [[Christ]], he who is represented by this star becomes the minister of the devil; and lets loose the powers of hell against the [[church]]es of [[Christ]]. On the opening of the bottomless pit, there arose a great smoke. The devil carries on his designs by blinding the eyes of men, by putting out light and knowledge, and promoting ignorance and error. Out of this smoke there came a swarm of locusts, emblems of the devil's agents, who promote superstition, [[idolatry]], error, and cruelty. The trees and the grass, the true [[believer]]s, whether young or more advanced, should be untouched. But a secret poison and infection in the soul, should rob many others of purity, and afterwards of [[peace]]. The locusts had no power to hurt those who had the seal of [[God]]. [[God]]'s all-powerful, distinguishing [[grace]] will keep his people from total and final apostacy. The power is limited to a short season; but it would be very sharp. In such events the faithful share the common calamity, but from the pestilence of error they might and would be safe. We collect from Scripture, that such errors were to try and prove the [[Christians]], 1Co 11:19. And early writers plainly refer this to the first great host of corrupters who overspread the [[Christian]] [[church]].
'''Verses''' 13-21
The sixth angel sounded, and here the power of the Turks seems the subject. Their time is limited. They not only slew in war, but brought a poisonous and ruinous [[religion]]. The [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian generation repented not under these dreadful judgments. From this sixth trumpet learn that [[God]] can make one enemy of the [[church]] a scourge and a plague to another. The [[idolatry]] in the remains of the eastern [[church]] and elsewhere, and the sins of professed [[Christians]], render this prophecy and its fulfilment more wonderful. And the attentive reader of Scripture and history, may find his [[faith]] and [[hope]] strengthened by events, which in other respects fill his [[heart]] with anguish and his eyes with tears, while he sees that men who escape these plagues, repent not of their evil works, but go on with idolatries, wickedness, and cruelty, till wrath comes upon them to the utmost.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Angel]] of the covenant presents a little open book, which is followed with seven thunders.
(1-4)
At the end of the following prophecies, time should be no more.
(5-7)
A voice directs the apostle to eat the book;
(8-10)
and tells him he must prophesy further.
(11)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The apostle saw another representation. The person communicating this discovery probably was our [[Lord]] and [[Saviour]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], or it was to show his glory. He veils his glory, which is too great for mortal eyes to behold; and throws a veil upon his dispensations. A rainbow was upon his head; our [[Lord]] is always mindful of his covenant. His awful voice was echoed by seven thunders; solemn and terrible ways of discovering the mind of [[God]]. We know not the subjects of the seven thunders, nor the reasons for suppressing them. There are great events in history, perhaps relating to the [[Christian]] [[church]], which are not noticed in open prophecy. The final [[salvation]] of the righteous, and the final success of true [[religion]] on earth, are engaged for by the unfailing word of the [[Lord]]. Though the time may not be yet, it cannot be far distant. Very soon, as to us, time will be no more; but if we are [[believer]]s, a happy eternity will follow: we shall from heaven behold and [[rejoice]] in the triumphs of [[Christ]], and his cause on earth.
'''Verses''' 8-11
Most men feel pleasure in looking into future events, and all good men like to receive a word from [[God]]. But when this book of prophecy was thoroughly digested by the apostle, the contents would be bitter; there were things so awful and terrible, such grievous persecutions of the people of [[God]], such desolations in the earth, that the foresight and foreknowledge of them would be painful to his mind. Let us seek to be taught by [[Christ]], and to obey his orders; daily meditating on his word, that it may nourish our souls; and then declaring it according to our several stations. The sweetness of such contemplations will often be mingled with bitterness, while we compare the Scriptures with the state of the [[world]] and the [[church]], or even with that of our own hearts.
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
The state of the [[church]] is represented under the figure of a temple measured.
(1, 2)
Two witnesses prophesy is sackcloth.
(3-6)
They are slain, after which they arise and ascend to heaven.
(7-13)
Under the seventh trumpet, all [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian powers are to be destroyed and there will be a glorious state of [[Christ]]'s kingdom upon earth.
(14-19)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
This prophetical passage about measuring the [[temple]] seems to refer to Ezekiel's vision. The design of this measuring seems to be the preservation of the [[church]] in times of public danger; or for its trial, or for its reformation. The worshippers must be measured; whether they make [[God]]'s [[glory]] their end, and his word their rule, in all their acts of worship. Those in the outer court, [[worship]] in a false manner, or with dissembling hearts, and will be found among his enemies. [[God]] will have a [[temple]] and an altar in the world, till the end of time. He looks strictly to his temple. The holy city, the visible [[church]], is trodden under foot; is filled with idolaters, infidels, and hypocrites. But the desolations of the [[church]] are limited, and she shall be delivered out of all her troubles.
'''Verses''' 3-13
In the time of treading down, [[God]] kept his faithful witnesses to attest the truth of his word and worship, and the excellence of his ways, The number of these witnesses is small, yet enough. They prophesy in sackcloth. It shows their afflicted, persecuted state, and deep sorrow for the abominations against which they protested. They are supported during their great and hard work, till it is done. When they had prophesied in sackcloth the greatest part of 1260 years, [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], the great instrument of the devil, would war against them, with force and violence for a time. Determined rebels against the light [[rejoice]], as on some happy event, when they can silence, drive to a distance, or destroy the faithful servants of [[Christ]], whose doctrine and conduct torment them. It does not appear that the term is yet expired, and the witnesses are not a present exposed to endure such terrible outward sufferings as in former times; but such things may again happen, and there is abundant cause to prophesy in sackcloth, on account of the state of [[religion]]. The depressed state of real [[Christianity]] may relate only to the western [[church]]. The [[Spirit]] of life from [[God]], quickens dead souls, and shall quicken the dead bodies of his people, and his dying interest in the world. The revival of [[God]]'s work and witnesses, will strike terror into the souls of his enemies. Where there is guilt, there is fear; and a persecuting spirit, though cruel, is a cowardly spirit. It will be no small part of the punishment of persecutors, both in this world, and at the great day, that they see the faithful servants of [[God]] honoured and advanced. The [[Lord]]'s witnesses must not be weary of suffering and service, nor hastily grasp at the reward; but must stay till their Master calls them. The consequence of their being thus exalted was a mighty shock and convulsion in the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian empire. Events alone can show the meaning of this. But whenever [[God]]'s work and witnesses revive, the devil's work and witnesses fall before him. And that the slaying of the witnesses is future, appears to be probable.
'''Verses''' 14-19
Before the sounding of the seventh and last trumpet, there is the usual demand of attention. The saints and angels in heaven know the right of our [[God]] and [[Saviour]] to rule over all the world. But the nations met [[God]]'s wrath with their own anger. It was a time in which he was beginning to reward his people's faithful services, and sufferings; and their enemies fretted against [[God]], and so increased their guilt, and hastened their destruction. By the opening the [[temple]] of [[God]] in heaven, may be meant, that there was a more free communication between heaven and earth; [[prayer]] and praises more freely and frequently going up, graces and blessings plentifully coming down. But it rather seems to refer to the [[church]] of [[God]] on earth. In the reign of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], [[God]]'s law was laid aside, and made void by traditions and decrees; the Scriptures were locked up from the people, but now they are brought to the view of all. This, like the ark, is a token of the presence of [[God]] returned to his people, and his favour toward them in [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], as the Propitiation for their sins. The great blessing of the Reformation was attended with very awful providences; as by terrible things in righteousness [[God]] answered the [[prayer]]s presented in his holy [[temple]] now opened.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
A description of the [[church]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and of [[Satan]], under the figures of a woman and of a great red dragon.
(1-6)
Michael and his angels fight against the devil and his angels, who are defeated.
(7-12)
The dragon persecutes the [[church]].
(13, 14)
His vain endeavours to destroy her, He renews his war against her seed.
(14-17)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[church]], under the emblem of a woman, the mother of [[believer]]s, was seen by the apostle in vision, in heaven. She was clothed with the sun, justified, sanctified, and shining by union with [[Christ]], the Sun of [[Righteousness]]. The moon was under her feet; she was superior to the reflected and feebler light of the revelation made by [[Moses]]. Having on her head a crown of twelve stars; the doctrine of the [[gospel]], preached by the twelve apostles, is a crown of [[glory]] to all true [[believer]]s. As in pain to bring forth a holy family; desirous that the conviction of sinners might end in their conversion. A dragon is a known emblem of [[Satan]], and his chief agents, or those who govern for him on earth, at that time the pagan empire of Rome, the city built upon seven hills. As having ten horns, divided into ten kingdoms. Having seven crowns, representing seven forms of government. As drawing with his tail a third part of the stars in heaven, and casting them down to the earth; persecuting and seducing the ministers and teachers. As watchful to crush the [[Christian]] [[religion]]; but in spite of the opposition of enemies, the [[church]] brought forth a manly issue of true and faithful professors, in whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was truly formed anew; even the mystery of [[Christ]], that Son of [[God]] who should rule the nations, and in whose right his members partake the same glory. This blessed offspring was protected of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 7-11
The attempts of the dragon proved unsuccessful against the [[church]], and fatal to his own interests. The seat of this war was in heaven; in the [[church]] of [[Christ]], the kingdom of heaven on earth. The parties were [[Christ]], the great [[Angel]] of the covenant, and his faithful followers; and [[Satan]] and his instruments. The strength of the [[church]] is in having the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] for the Captain of their [[salvation]]. Pagan [[idolatry]], which was the [[worship]] of devils, was cast out of the empire by the spreading of [[Christianity]]. The [[salvation]] and strength of the [[church]], are only to be ascribed to the King and Head of the [[church]]. The conquered enemy hates the presence of [[God]], yet he is willing to appear there, to accuse the people of [[God]]. Let us take heed that we give him no cause to accuse us; and that, when we have sinned, we go before the [[Lord]], condemn ourselves, and commit our cause to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as our Advocate. The servants of [[God]] overcame [[Satan]] by the blood of the Lamb, as the cause. By the word of their testimony: the powerful preaching of the [[gospel]] is mighty, through [[God]], to pull down strong holds. By their courage and patience in sufferings: they loved not their lives so well but they could lay them down in [[Christ]]'s cause. These were the warriors and the weapons by which [[Christianity]] overthrew the power of pagan [[idolatry]]; and if [[Christians]] had continued to fight with these weapons, and such as these, their victories would have been more numerous and glorious, and the effects more lasting. The redeemed overcame by a simple reliance on the blood of [[Christ]], as the only ground of their hopes. In this we must be like them. We must not blend any thing else with this.
'''Verses''' 12-17
The [[church]] and all her friends might well be called to praise [[God]] for deliverance from pagan persecution, though other troubles awaited her. The wilderness is a desolate place, and full of serpents and scorpions, uncomfortable and destitute of provisions; yet a place of safety, as well as where one might be alone. But being thus retired could not protect the woman. The flood of water is explained by many to mean the invasions of barbarians, by which the western empire was overwhelmed; for the heathen encouraged their attacks, in the [[hope]] of destroying [[Christianity]]. But ungodly men, for their worldly interests, protected the [[church]] amidst these tumults, and the overthrow of the empire did not help the cause of [[idolatry]]. Or, this may be meant of a flood of error, by which the [[church]] of [[God]] was in danger of being overwhelmed and carried away. The devil, defeated in his designs upon the [[church]], turns his rage against persons and places. Being faithful to [[God]] and [[Christ]], in doctrine, worship, and practice, exposes to the rage of [[Satan]]; and will do so till the last enemy shall be destroyed.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
A wild beast rises out of the sea, to whom the dragon gives his power.
(1-10)
Another beast, which has two horns like a lamb, but speaks as a dragon.
(11-15)
It obliges all to [[worship]] its image, and receive its mark, as persons devoted to it.
(16-18)
'''Verses''' 1-10
The apostle, standing on the shore, saw a savage beast rise out of the sea; a tyrannical, idolatrous, persecuting power, springing up out of the troubles which took place. It was a frightful monster! It appears to mean that worldly, oppressing dominion, which for many ages, even from the times of the Babylonish captivity, had been hostile to the [[church]]. The first beast then began to oppress and persecute the righteous for righteousness' sake, but they suffered most under the fourth beast of [[Daniel]], (the Roman empire,) which has afflicted the saints with many cruel persecutions. The source of its power was the dragon. It was set up by the devil, and supported by him. The wounding the head may be the abolishing pagan [[idolatry]]; and the [[healing]] of the wound, introducing popish [[idolatry]], the same in substance, only in a new dress, but which as effectually answers the devil's design. The [[world]] admired its power, policy and success. They paid honour and subjection to the devil and his instruments. It exercised infernal power and policy, requiring men to render that honour to creatures which belongs to [[God]] alone. Yet the devil's power and success are limited. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has a chosen remnant, redeemed by his blood, recorded in his book, sealed by his Spirit; and though the devil and [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] may overcome the body, and take away the natural life, they cannot conquer the soul, nor prevail with true [[believer]]s to forsake their [[Saviour]], and join his enemies. Perseverance in the [[faith]] of the [[gospel]] and true [[worship]] of [[God]], in this great hour of trial and temptation, which would deceive all but the elect, is the character of those registered in the book of life. This powerful motive and encouragement to constancy, is the great design of the whole Revelation.
'''Verses''' 11-18
Those who understand the first beast to denote a worldly power, take the second to be also a persecuting and assumed power, which acts under the disguise of [[religion]], and of charity to the souls of men. It is a spiritual dominion, professing to be derived from [[Christ]], and exercised at first in a gentle manner, but soon spake like the dragon. Its speech betrayed it; for it gives forth those false doctrines and cruel decrees, which show it to belong to the dragon, and not to the Lamb. It exercised all the power of the former beast. It pursues the same design, to draw men from worshipping the true [[God]], and to subject the souls of men to the will and control of men. The second beast has carried on its designs, by methods whereby men should be deceived to [[worship]] the former beast, in the new shape, or likeness made for it. By lying wonders, pretended [[miracle]]s. And by severe censures. Also by allowing none to enjoy natural or civil rights, who will not worship that beast which is the image of the pagan beast. It is made a qualification for buying and selling, as well as for places of profit and trust, that they oblige themselves to use all their interest, power, and endeavour, to forward the dominion of the beast, which is meant by receiving his mark. To make an image to the beast, whose deadly wound was healed, would be to give form and power to his worship, or to require obedience to his commands. To [[worship]] the image of the beast, implies being subject to those things which stamp the character of the picture, and render it the image of the beast. The number of the beast is given, so as to show the infinite wisdom of [[God]], and to exercise the wisdom of men. The number is the number of a man, computed after the usual manner among men, and it is 666. What or who is intended by this, remains a mystery. To almost every religious dispute this number has yet been applied, and it may reasonably be doubted whether the meaning has yet been discovered. But he who has wisdom and understanding, will see that all the enemies of [[God]] are numbered and marked out for destruction; that the term of their power will soon expire, and that all nations shall submit to our King of righteousness and [[peace]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
Those faithful to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] celebrate the praises of [[God]].
(1-5)
Three angels; one proclaiming the everlasting [[gospel]]; another, the downfal of Babylon; and a third, the dreadful wrath of [[God]] on the worshippers of the beast. The blessedness of those who die in the [[Lord]].
(6-13)
A vision of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] with a sickle, and of a harvest ripe for cutting down.
(14-16)
The emblem of a vintage fully ripe, trodden in the wine-press of [[God]]'s wrath.
(17-20)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Mount Sion is the [[gospel]] [[church]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is with his [[church]], and in the midst of her in all her troubles, therefore she is not consumed. His presence secures perseverance. His people appear honourably. They have the name of [[God]] written in their foreheads; they make a bold and open profession of their [[faith]] in [[God]] and [[Christ]], and this is followed by suitable actings. There were persons in the darkest times, who ventured and laid down their lives for the [[worship]] and truth of the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]]. They kept themselves clean from the wicked abominations of the followers of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]. Their hearts were right with [[God]]; and they were freely [[pardon]] ed in Christ; he is glorified in them, and they in him. May it be our [[prayer]], our endeavour, our ambition, to be found in this honourable company. Those who are really sanctified and justified are meant here, for no hypocrite, however plausible, can be accounted to be without fault before [[God]]. (Rev 14:6-13)
'''Verses''' 6-13
The progress of the Reformation appears to be here set forth. The four proclamations are plain in their meaning; that all [[Christians]] may be encouraged, in the time of trial, to be faithful to their [[Lord]]. The [[gospel]] is the great means whereby men are brought to [[fear]] [[God]], and to give [[glory]] to him. The preaching of the everlasting [[gospel]] shakes the foundations of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] in the world, and hastens its downfal. If any persist in being subject to the beast, and in promoting his cause, they must expect to be for ever miserable in soul and body. The [[believer]] is to venture or suffer any thing in obeying the [[commandments]] of [[God]], and professing the [[faith]] of [[Jesus]]. May [[God]] bestow this patience upon us. Observe the description of those that are and shall be blessed: such as die in the [[Lord]]; die in the cause of [[Christ]], in a state of union with Christ; such as are found in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] when [[death]] comes. They rest from all [[sin]], temptation, sorrow, and persecution; for there the wicked cease from troubling, there the weary are at rest. Their works follow them: do not go before as their title, or purchase, but follow them as proofs of their having lived and died in the [[Lord]]: the remembrance of them will be pleasant, and the reward far above all their services and sufferings. This is made sure by the testimony of the [[Spirit]], witnessing with their spirits, and the written word.
'''Verses''' 14-20
Warnings and judgments not having produced reformation, the sins of the nations are filled up, and they become ripe for judgments, represented by a harvest, an emblem which is used to signify the gathering of the righteous, when ripe for heaven, by the [[mercy]] of [[God]]. The harvest time is when the corn is ripe; when the [[believer]]s are ripe for heaven, then the wheat of the earth shall be gathered into [[Christ]]'s garner. And by a vintage. The enemies of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[church]] are not destroyed, till by their [[sin]] they are ripe for ruin, and then he will spare them no longer. The wine-press is the wrath of [[God]], some terrible calamity, probably the sword, shedding the blood of the wicked. The patience of [[God]] towards sinners, is the greatest [[miracle]] in the world; but, though lasting, it will not be everlasting; and ripeness in [[sin]] is a sure proof of judgment at hand.
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
A song of praise is sung by the [[church]].
(1-4)
Seven angels with the seven plagues; and to them one of the living creatures gives seven golden vials full of the wrath of [[God]].
(5-8)
'''Verses''' 1-4
Seven angels appeared in heaven; prepared to finish the destruction of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]. As the measure of Babylon's sins was filled up, it finds the full measure of [[Divine]] wrath. While [[believer]]s stand in this world, in times of trouble, as upon a sea of glass mingled with fire, they may look forward to their final deliverance, while new mercies call forth new hymns of praise. The more we know of [[God]]'s wonderful works, the more we shall praise his greatness as the [[Lord]] [[God]] Almighty, the Creator and Ruler of all worlds; but his title of Emmanuel, the King of saints, will make him dear to us. Who that considers the power of [[God]]'s wrath, the value of his favour, or the [[glory]] of his [[holiness]], would refuse to [[fear]] and honour him alone? His praise is above heaven and earth.
'''Verses''' 5-8
In the judgments [[God]] executes upon [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] and his followers, he fulfils the prophecies and promises of his word. These angels are prepared for their work, clothed with pure and white linen, their breasts girded with golden girdles, representing the [[holiness]], and righteousness, and excellence of these dealings with men. They are ministers of [[Divine]] justice, and do every thing in a pure and holy manner. They were armed with the wrath of [[God]] against his enemies. Even the meanest creature, when armed with the [[anger]] of [[God]], will be too hard for any man in the world. The angels received the vials from one of the four living creatures, one of the ministers of the true [[church]], as in answer to the [[prayer]]s of the ministers and people of [[God]]. [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]] could not be destroyed without a great shock to all the world, and even the people of [[God]] would be in trouble and confusion while the great work was doing. The greatest deliverances of the [[church]] are brought about by awful and astonishing steps of Providence; and the happy state of the true [[church]] will not begin till obstinate enemies shall be destroyed, and lukewarm or formal [[Christians]] are purified. Then, whatever is against Scripture being purged away, the whole [[church]] shall be spiritual, and the whole being brought to purity, unity, and spirituality, shall be firmly established.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
''Chapter Outline''
The first vial is poured out on the earth, the second on the sea, the third on the rivers and fountains.
(1-7)
The fourth on the sun, the fifth on the seat of the beast.
(8-11)
The sixth on the great river Euphrates.
(12-16)
And the seventh on the air, when shall follow the destruction of all [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian enemies.
(17-21)
'''Verses''' 1-7
We are to pray that the will of [[God]] may be done on earth as it is done in heaven. Here is a succession of terrible judgments of Providence; and there seems to be an allusion to several of the plagues of [[Egypt]]. The sins were alike, and so were the punishments. The vials refer to the seven trumpets, which represented the rise of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]; and the fall of the enemies of the [[church]] shall bear some resemblance to their rise. All things throughout their earth, their air, their sea, their rivers, their cities, all are condemned to ruin, all accursed for the wickedness of that people. No wonder that angels, who witness or execute the [[Divine]] vengeance on the obstinate haters of [[God]], of [[Christ]], and of [[holiness]], praise his justice and truth; and adore his awful judgments, when he brings upon cruel persecutors the tortures they made his saints and prophets suffer.
'''Verses''' 8-11
The [[heart]] of man is so desperately wicked, that the most severe miseries never will bring any to repent, without the special [[grace]] of [[God]]. Hell itself is filled with blasphemies; and those are ignorant of the history of human nature, of the [[Bible]], and of their own hearts, who do not know that the more men suffer, and the more plainly they see the hand of [[God]] in their sufferings, the more furiously they often rage against him. Let sinners now seek [[Repentance|repentance]] from [[Christ]], and the grace of the [[Holy Spirit]], or they will have the anguish and horror of an unhumbled, impenitent, and desperate heart; thus adding to their guilt and misery through all eternity. Darkness is opposed to wisdom and knowledge, and forebodes the confusion and folly of the idolaters and followers of the beast. It is opposed to pleasure and joy, and signifies anguish and vexation of spirit.
'''Verses''' 12-16
This probably shows the destruction of the Turkish power, and of [[idolatry]], and that a way will be made for the return of the [[Jews]]. Or, take it for Rome, as mystical Babylon, the name of Babylon being put for Rome, which was meant, but was not then to be directly named. When Rome is destroyed, her river and merchandise must suffer with her. And perhaps a way will be opened for the eastern nations to come into the [[church]] of [[Christ]]. The great dragon will collect all his forces, to make one desperate struggle before all be lost. [[God]] warns of this great trial, to engage his people to prepare for it. These will be times of great temptation; therefore [[Christ]], by his apostle, calls on his professed servants to expect his sudden coming, and to watch that they might not be put to shame, as apostates or hypocrites. However [[Christians]] differ, as to their views of the times and seasons of events yet to be brought to pass, on this one point all are agreed, [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], the [[Lord]] of glory, will suddenly come again to judge the world. To those living near to [[Christ]], it is an object of joyful [[hope]] and expectation, and delay is not desired by them.
'''Verses''' 17-21
The seventh and last angel poured forth his vial, and the downfal of Babylon was finished. The [[church]] triumphant in heaven saw it and [[rejoice]]d; the [[church]] in conflict on earth saw it and became triumphant. [[God]] remembered the great and wicked city; though for some time he seemed to have forgotten her [[idolatry]] and cruelty. All that was most secure was carried away by the ruin. Men blasphemed: the greatest judgments that can befal men, will not bring to [[Repentance|repentance]] without the [[grace]] of [[God]]. To be hardened against [[God]], by his righteous judgments, is a certain token of sure and utter destruction.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
One of the angels who had the vials, explains the meaning of the former vision of the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian beast that was to reign 1260 years, and then to be destroyed.
(1-6)
And interprets the mystery of the woman, and the beast that had seven heads and ten horns.
(7-18)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Rome clearly appears to be meant in this Chapter. Pagan Rome subdued and ruled with military power, not by art and flatteries. She left the nations in general to their ancient usages and worship. But it is well known that by crafty and politic management, with all kinds of deceit of unrighteousness, papal Rome has obtained and kept her rule over kings and nations. Here were allurements of worldly honour and riches, pomp and pride, suited to sensual and worldly minds. Prosperity, pomp, and splendour, feed the pride and lusts of the human heart, but are no security against the [[Divine]] vengeance. The golden cup represents the allurements, and delusions, by which this mystical Babylon has obtained and kept her influence, and seduced others to join her abominations. She is named, from her infamous practices, a mother of harlots; training them up to [[idolatry]] and all sorts of wickedness. She filled herself with the blood of the saints and martyrs of [[Jesus]]. She intoxicated herself with it; and it was so pleasant to her, that she never was satisfied. We cannot but wonder at the oceans of [[Christian]] blood shed by men called [[Christians]]; yet when we consider these prophecies, these awful deeds testify to the truth of the [[gospel]]. And let all beware of a splendid, gainful, or fashionable [[religion]]. Let us avoid the mysteries of iniquity, and study diligently the great mystery of [[godliness]], that we may learn humility and gratitude from the example of [[Christ]]. The more we seek to resemble him, the less we shall be liable to be deceived by [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]].
'''Verses''' 7-14
The beast on which the woman sat was, and is not, and yet is. It was a seat of [[idolatry]] and persecution, and is not; not in the ancient form, which was pagan: yet it is; it is truly the seat of [[idolatry]] and tyranny, though of another sort and form. It would deceive into stupid and blind submission all the inhabitants of the earth within its influence, except the remnant of the elect. This beast was seven heads, seven mountains, the seven hills on which Rome stands; and seven kings, seven sorts of government. Five were gone by when this prophecy was written; one was then in being; the other was yet to come. This beast, directed by the papacy, makes an eighth governor, and sets up [[idolatry]] again. It had ten horns, which are said to be ten kings who had as yet no kingdoms; they should not rise up till the Roman empire was broken; but should for a time be very zealous in her interest. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must reign till all enemies be put under his feet. The reason of the victory is, that he is the King of kings, and [[Lord]] of lords. He has supreme dominion and power over all things; all the powers of earth and hell are subject to his control. His followers are called to this warfare, are fitted for it, and will be faithful in it.
'''Verses''' 15-18
[[God]] so ruled the hearts of these kings, by his power over them, and by his providence, that they did those things, without intending it, which he purposed and foretold. They shall see their folly, and how they have been bewitched and enslaved by the harlot, and be made instruments in her destruction. She was that great city which reigned over the kings of the earth, when John had this vision; and every one knows Rome to be that city. Believers will be received to the [[glory]] of the [[Lord]], when wicked men will be destroyed in a most awful manner; their joining together in [[sin]], will be turned to hatred and rage, and they will eagerly assist in tormenting each other. But the [[Lord]]'s portion is his people; his counsel shall stand, and he will do all his pleasure, to his glory, and the happiness of all his servants.
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
Another angel from heaven proclaims the fall of mystical Babylon.
(1-3)
A voice from heaven admonishes the people of [[God]], lest they partake of her plagues.
(4-8)
The lamentations over her.
(9-19)
The [[church]] called upon to [[rejoice]] in her utter ruin.
(20-24)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of [[God]]. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his [[gospel]] through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true [[God]], and set up [[idols]], and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect [[mercy]] from [[God]], that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. [[God]] may have a people even in Babylon. But [[God]]'s people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)
'''Verses''' 9-19
The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into [[idolatry]], allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, [[pardon]] s, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]] is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the [[anger]] of [[God]], but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]], and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.
'''Verses''' 20-24
That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of [[God]] on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will [[rejoice]] in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of [[God]]'s justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The [[church]] in heaven and that on earth triumph, and praise the [[Lord]] for his righteous judgments.
(1-10)
A vision of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] going forth to destroy the beast and his armies.
(11-21)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Praising [[God]] for what we have, is praying for what is yet further to be done for us. There is harmony between the angels and the saints in this triumphant song. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the Bridegroom of his ransomed [[church]]. This second union will be completed in heaven; but the beginning of the glorious millennium (by which is meant a reign of [[Christ]], or a state of happiness, for a thousand years on earth) may be considered as the celebration of his espousals on earth. Then the [[church]] of [[Christ]], being purified from errors, divisions, and corruptions, in doctrine, discipline, worship, and practice, will be made ready to be publicly owned by him as his delight and his beloved. The [[church]] appeared; not in the gay, gaudy dress of the mother of harlots, but in fine linen, clean and white. In the robes of [[Christ]]'s righteousness, imputed for justification, and imparted for sanctification. The promises of the [[gospel]], the true sayings of [[God]], opened, applied, and sealed by the [[Spirit]] of [[God]], in holy ordinances, are the marriage-feast. This seems to refer to the abundant [[grace]] and consolation [[Christians]] will receive in the happy days which are to come. The apostle offered honour to the angel. The angel refused it. He directed the apostle to the true and only object of religious worship; to [[worship]] [[God]], and him alone. This plainly condemns the practice of those who [[worship]] the elements of bread and wine, and saints, and angels; and of those who do not believe that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is truly and by nature [[God]], yet pay him a sort of worship. They stand convicted of [[idolatry]] by a messenger from heaven. These are the true sayings of [[God]]; of Him who is to be worshipped, as one with the Father and the [[Holy Spirit]].
'''Verses''' 11-21
[[Christ]], the glorious Head of the [[church]], is described as on a white horse, the emblem of justice and [[holiness]]. He has many crowns, for he is King of kings, and [[Lord]] of lords. He is arrayed in a vesture dipped in his own blood, by which he purchased his power as Mediator; and in the blood of his enemies, over whom he always prevails. His name is "The Word of [[God]];" a name none fully knows but himself; only this we know, that this Word was [[God]] manifest in the flesh; but his perfections cannot be fully understood by any creature. Angels and saints follow, and are like [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in their armour of purity and righteousness. The threatenings of the written word he is going to execute on his enemies. The ensigns of his authority are his name; asserting his authority and power, warning the most powerful princes to submit, or they must fall before him. The powers of earth and hell make their utmost effort. These Verses declare important events, foretold by the prophets. These persons were not excused because they did what their leaders bade them. How vain will be the plea of many sinners at the great day! We followed our guides; we did as we saw others do! [[God]] has given a rule to walk by, in his word; neither the example of the most, nor of the chief, must influence us contrary thereto: if we do as the most do, we must go where the most go, even into the burning lake.
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
[[Satan]] is bound for a thousand years.
(1-3)
The first resurrection; those are blessed that have part therein.
(4-6)
[[Satan]] loosed, Gog and Magog.
(7-10)
The last and general resurrection.
(11-15)
'''Verses''' 1-3
Here is a vision, showing by a figure the restraints laid on [[Satan]] himself. [[Christ]], with Almighty power, will keep the devil from deceiving mankind as he has hitherto done. He never wants power and instruments to break the power of [[Satan]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shuts by his power, and seals by his authority. The [[church]] shall have a time of [[peace]] and prosperity, but all her trials are not yet over.
'''Verses''' 4-6
Here is an account of the reign of the saints, for the same space of time as [[Satan]] is bound. Those who suffer with [[Christ]], shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in conformity to him in his wisdom, righteousness, and [[holiness]]: this is called the first resurrection, with which none but those who serve [[Christ]], and suffer for him, shall be favoured. The happiness of these servants of [[God]] is declared. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. We know something thing of what the first death is, and it is very awful; but we know not what this second [[death]] is. It must be much more dreadful; it is the [[death]] of the soul, eternal separation from [[God]]. May we never know what it is: those who have been made partakers of a spiritual resurrection, are saved from the power of the second death. We may expect that a thousand years will follow the destruction of the [[Text:EBD:[[Text:EBD:Antichrist|Antichrist]]|antichrist]]ian, idolatrous, persecuting powers, during which pure [[Christianity]], in doctrine, worship, and [[holiness]], will be made known over all the earth. By the all-powerful working of the [[Holy Spirit]], fallen man will be new-created; and [[faith]] and [[holiness]] will as certainly prevail, as unbelief and unholiness now do. We may easily perceive what a variety of dreadful pains, diseases, and other calamities would cease, if all men were true and consistent [[Christians]]. All the evils of public and private contests would be ended, and happiness of every kind largely increased. Every man would try to lighten suffering, instead of adding to the sorrows around him. It is our duty to pray for the promised glorious days, and to do every thing in our public and private stations which can prepare for them.
'''Verses''' 7-10
While this [[world]] lasts, [[Satan]]'s power in it will not be wholly destroyed, though it may be limited and lessened. No sooner is [[Satan]] let loose, than he again begins deceiving the nations, and stirring them up to make war with the saints and servants of [[God]]. It would be well if the servants and ministers of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] were as active and persevering in doing good, as his enemies in doing mischief. [[God]] will fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory may be complete, and the [[glory]] be to himself.
'''Verses''' 11-15
After the events just foretold, the end will speedily come; and there is no mention of any thing else, before the appearing of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to judge the world. This will be the great day: the Judge, the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], will then put on majesty and terror. The persons to be judged are the dead, small and great; young and old, low and high, poor and rich. None are so mean, but they have some talents to account for; and none so great, as to avoid having to account for them. Not only those alive at the coming of [[Christ]], but all the dead. There is a book of remembrance both for good and bad: and the book of the sinner's conscience, though formerly secret, will then be opened. Every man will recollect all his past actions, though he had long forgotten many of them. Another book shall be opened, the book of the Scriptures, the rule of life; it represents the [[Lord]]'s knowledge of his people, and his declaring their repentance, faith, and good works; showing the blessings of the new covenant. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; he will try their principles by their practices. Those justified and acquitted by the [[gospel]], shall be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into [[eternal life]], having nothing more to [[fear]] from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together. This is the second death; it is the final separation of sinners from [[God]]. Let it be our great concern to see whether our [[Bible]]s justify or condemn us now; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will judge the secrets of all men according to the [[gospel]]. Who shall dwell with devouring flames?
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
A new heaven, and new earth: the new [[Jerusalem]] where [[God]] dwells, and banishes all sorrow from his people.
(1-8)
Its heavenly origin, glory, and secure defence.
(9-21)
Its perfect happiness, as enlightened with the presence of [[God]] and the Lamb, and in the free access of multitudes, made holy.
(22-27)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The new heaven and the new earth will not be separate from each other; the earth of the saints, their glorified, bodies, will be heavenly. The old world, with all its troubles and tumults, will have passed away. There will be no sea; this aptly represents freedom from conflicting passions, temptations, troubles, changes, and alarms; from whatever can divide or interrupt the communion of saints. This new [[Jerusalem]] is the [[church]] of [[God]] in its new and perfect state, the [[church]] triumphant. Its blessedness came wholly from [[God]], and depends on him. The presence of [[God]] with his people in heaven, will not be interrupt as it is on earth, he will dwell with them continually. All effects of former trouble shall be done away. They have often been in tears, by reason of [[sin]], of affliction, of the calamities of the [[church]]; but no signs, no remembrance of former sorrows shall remain. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] makes all things new. If we are willing and desirous that the gracious [[Redeemer]] should make all things new in order hearts and nature, he will make all things new in respect of our situation, till he has brought us to enjoy complete happiness. See the certainty of the promise. [[God]] gives his titles, Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End, as a pledge for the full performance. Sensual and sinful pleasures are muddy and poisoned waters; and the best earthly comforts are like the scanty supplies of a cistern; when idolized, they become broken cisterns, and yield only vexation. But the joys which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] imparts are like waters springing from a fountain, pure, refreshing, abundant, and eternal. The sanctifying consolations of the [[Holy Spirit]] prepare for heavenly happiness; they are streams which flow for us in the wilderness. The fearful durst not meet the difficulties of [[religion]], their slavish fear came from their unbelief; but those who were so dastardly as not to dare to take up the cross of [[Christ]], were yet so desperate as to run into abominable wickedness. The agonies and terrors of the first death will lead to the far greater terrors and agonies of eternal death.
'''Verses''' 9-21
[[God]] has various employments for his holy angels. Sometimes they sound the trumpet of [[Divine]] Providence, and warn a careless world; sometimes they discover things of a heavenly nature of the heirs of [[salvation]]. Those who would have clear views of heaven, must get as near to heaven as they can, on the mount of meditation and faith. The subject of the vision is the [[church]] of [[God]] in a perfect, triumphant state, shining in its lustre; glorious in relation to Christ; which shows that the happiness of heaven consists in intercourse with [[God]], and in conformity to him. The change of emblems from a bride to a city, shows that we are only to take general ideas from this description. The wall is for security. Heaven is a safe state; those who are there, are separated and secured from all evils and enemies. This city is vast; here is room for all the people of [[God]]. The foundation of the wall; the promise and power of [[God]], and the purchase of [[Christ]], are the strong foundations of the safety and happiness of the [[church]]. These foundations are set forth by twelve sorts of precious stones, denoting the variety and excellence of the doctrines of the [[gospel]], or of the graces of the [[Holy Spirit]], or the personal excellences of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Heaven has gates; there is a free admission to all that are sanctified; they shall not find themselves shut out. These gates were all of pearls. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the Pearl of great price, and he is our Way to [[God]]. The street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass. The saints in heaven tread gold under foot. The saints are there at rest, yet it is not a state of sleep and idleness; they have communion, not only with [[God]], but with one another. All these glories but faintly represent heaven.
'''Verses''' 22-27
Perfect and direct communion with [[God]], will more than supply the place of [[gospel]] institutions. And what words can more full express the union and co-equality of the Son with the Father, in the Godhead? What a dismal [[world]] would this be, if it were not for the light of the sun! What is there in heaven that supplies its place? The [[glory]] of [[God]] lightens that city, and the Lamb is the Light thereof. [[God]] in Christ will be an everlasting Fountain of knowledge and [[joy]] to the saints in heaven. There is no night, therefore no need of shutting the gates; all is at [[peace]] and secure. The whole shows us that we should be more and more led to think of heaven as filled with the [[glory]] of [[God]], and enlightened by the presence of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. Nothing sinful or unclean, idolatrous, or false and deceitful, can enter. All the inhabitants are made perfect in [[holiness]]. Now the saints feel a sad mixture of corruption, which hinders them in the service of [[God]], and interrupts their communion with him; but, at their entrance into the holy of holies, they are washed in the laver of [[Christ]]'s blood, and presented to the Father without spot. None are admitted into heaven who work abominations. It is free from hypocrites, such as make lies. As nothing unclean can enter heaven, let us be stirred up by these glimpses of heavenly things, to use all diligence, and to perfect [[holiness]] in the [[fear]] of [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
A description of the heavenly state, under the figures of the water and the tree of life, and of the throne of [[God]] and the Lamb.
(1-5)
The truth and certain fulfilling of all the prophetic visions, The Holy Spirit, and the bride, the [[church]], invite, and say, Come.
(6-19)
The closing blessing.
(20, 21)
'''Verses''' 1-5
All streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, and refreshing. They give life, and preserve life, to those who drink of them, and thus they will flow for evermore. These point to the quickening and sanctifying influences of the [[Holy Spirit]], as given to sinners through [[Christ]]. The [[Holy Spirit]], proceeding from the Father and the Son, applies this [[salvation]] to our souls by his new-creating love and power. The trees of life are fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of [[God]]. The presence of [[God]] in heaven, is the health and happiness of the saints. This tree was an emblem of [[Christ]], and of all the blessings of his [[salvation]]; and the leaves for the [[healing]] of the nations, mean that his favour and presence supply all good to the inhabitants of that blessed world. The devil has no power there; he cannot draw the saints from serving [[God]], nor can he disturb them in the service of [[God]]. [[God]] and the Lamb are here spoken of as one. Service there shall be not only freedom, but honour and dominion. There will be no night; no affliction or dejection, no pause in service or enjoyment: no diversions or pleasures or man's inventing will there be wanted. How different all this from gross and merely human views of heavenly happiness, even those which refer to pleasures of the mind!
'''Verses''' 6-19
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] spake by the angel, solemnly confirming the contents of this book, particularly of this last vision. He is the [[Lord]] [[God]] faithful and true. Also by his messengers; the holy angels showed them to holy men of [[God]]. They are things that must shortly be done; Christ will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt. And by the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle's interpreter. He refused to accept religious [[worship]] from John, and reproved him for offering it. This presents another testimony against idolatrous worship of saints and angels. [[God]] calls every one to witness to the declarations here made. This book, thus kept open, will have effect upon men; the filthy and unjust will be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those who are upright with [[God]]. Never let us think that a dead or disobedient [[faith]] will save us, for the First and the Last has declared that those alone are blessed who do his commandments. It is a book that shuts out form heaven all wicked and unrighteous persons, particularly those who [[love]] and make lies, therefore cannot itself be a lie. There is no middle place or condition. [[Jesus]], who is the [[Spirit]] of prophecy, has given his [[church]]es this morning-light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of the perfect day approaching. All is confirmed by an open and general invitation to mankind, to come and partake freely of the promises and of the privileges of the [[gospel]]. The Spirit, by the sacred word, and by convictions and influence in the sinner's conscience, says, Come to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] for [[salvation]]; and the bride, or the whole [[church]], on earth and in heaven, says, Come and share our happiness. Lest any should hesitate, it is added, Let whosoever will, or, is willing, come and take of the water of life freely. May every one who hears or reads these words, desire at once to accept the gracious invitation. All are condemned who should dare to corrupt or change the word of [[God]], either by adding to it, or taking from it.
'''Verses''' 20, 21
After discovering these things to his people on earth, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] seems to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he assures them it shall not be long before he comes again. And while we are busy in the duties of our different stations of life; whatever labours may try us, whatever difficulties may surround us, whatever sorrows may press us down, let us with pleasure hear our [[Lord]] proclaiming, Behold, I come quickly; I come to put an end to the labour and suffering of my servants. I come, and my reward of [[grace]] is with me, to recompense, with royal bounty, every work of [[faith]] and labour of love. I come to receive my faithful, persevering people to myself, to dwell for ever in that blissful world. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]], even so, come, [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. A blessing closes the whole. By the [[grace]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we must be kept in joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be joyful to those who partake of his [[grace]] and favour here. Let all add, [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]]. Let us earnestly thirst after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed [[Jesus]] in our souls, and his gracious presence with us, till [[glory]] has made perfect his [[grace]] toward us. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, [[world]] without end. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]].
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[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Book of Revelation]]