Baptism
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Baptism refers to the symbolic sprinkling of or submersion in water of a new Christian. It represents his cleansing from all sin by the death of Jesus Christ.
Although the word baptism usually refers baptism by water, it can be used in other ways, for example "baptism by fire".
Biblical passages
In the Bible baptism is first mentioned in passages that talk about John the Baptist who called on people to repent and be baptized. Jesus came to John to be baptized and his baptism was recorded in Mark 1:7-11
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After his resurrection Jesus commanded his disciples to make disciples of all nations and baptize them in what is known as the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19
Later in the book of Acts a number of baptisms are described that are associated with the initial conversion of a new believer.
Etymology
The word "baptism" is derived from the Greek verb Βαπτιζω (baptizo, which means "to immerse" or "to baptize") and noun βαπτισμος (baptismos, which means "dipping" or "baptism").
Theological viewpoints
Most Christians agree on the importance of baptism, although a few denominations do not practice baptism, such as the Salvation Army. There is however a variety of opinions regarding who should be baptized (only believers in Jesus versus children of parents who believe) and what baptism actually means (it actually brings about forgiveness versus it only symbolizes forgiveness).
Infant baptism versus Believer's baptism
In many denominations (including Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Anglicanism) infants are baptized.
In some denominations (including Baptist) only an adult who believes in the death and resurrection of Jesus in baptized.
Symbolism versus Baptismal regeneration
In Protestant denominations baptism is generally regarded as a symbolic act that simply symbolizes forgiveness and new life. In Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy however, it is taught that God actually brings about forgiveness through the physical action of baptism, a teaching known as baptismal regeneration.
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