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Category:Catholic Church
{{summary Infobox_Contents | texttopic_name =The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns — usually sanctioned by the [[Papacy]] — that took place during the 11th to 13th centuries. Originally, they were [[Roman Catholic]] endeavors to capture the [[Holy Land]] from the Muslims, but some were directed against other Europeans, such as the [[Fourth Crusade]] against Constantinople, the [[Albigensian Crusade]] against the Cathars of southern France and the Northern Crusades. The Crusades unfortunately show Christians acting in an aggressive and war-like manner.}}| {{overview}} {{topics}}* subtopics = [[First Crusade]] | , [[People's Crusade]] | , [[German Crusade, 1096]] | , [[Crusade of 1101]]
* [[Second Crusade]]
* [[Third Crusade]]
* [[Fourth Crusade]] | , [[Albigensian Crusade]] | , [[Children's Crusade]]
* [[Fifth Crusade]]
* [[Sixth Crusade]]
* [[Seventh Crusade]] | , [[Shepherds' Crusade]]
* [[Eighth Crusade]]
* [[Ninth Crusade]], [[Northern Crusades]] | opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} |}} The '''Crusades''' were a series of several military campaigns — sanctioned by the [[Northern Papacy]] — that took place during the 11th to 13th centuries. Originally, they were [[Roman Catholic]] endeavors to capture the [[Holy Land]] from the Muslims, but some lead to militarical actions against other Christians, such as the [[Fourth Crusade]] where Constantinople was sacked by Christian knights. In a broader sense, the [[Albigensian Crusade]] against the Cathars of southern France and the Baltic Crusades are also considered as Crusades. The Crusades were preceded by a Middle Ages reform movement to abolish private wars between Christian knights known as the "Peace of God" movement. The intention to give these knights a new "field of action" may have been one of the causes of the crusades. During the Crusades[[military orders]] were formed which combined [[monastic life]]with chivalry. There is a broad consensus in the Western world that the [[Church]] as a religious institution may not direct or sanction military action and therefore the Crusades are seen as a historical fault of the church of the day.
{{opinionsstub}}
* Kenneth Setton, ed., ''A History of the Crusades''. Madison, 1969-1989 ([http://libtext.library.wisc.edu/HistCrusades/ e-book online])
* Angeliki E. Laiou, ''The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World'', ([http://www.doaks.org/LACR.html e-book online]), includes chapter on Historiography of the crusades.
* E.L. Skip Knox, [http://crusades.boisestate.edu/ The Crusades], a virtual college course through Boise State University.
{{returnto}} [[Christianity]] -> [[Church history]][[Category:Church history]][[Category:Catholic Church]]
