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The Roman Empire was split into the western and eastern empires.
The Eastern Roman Empire, by edic from the Emperor Constantin the Great, officially considers declares Christianity as a legally permitted religion in 313.
Orthodox was established as the State Religion for what would later be called the Byzantine Empire with The the First Council of Constantinople in 381.[1]
After the schism with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the 11th century, Constantinople would be for the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Vatican is for the Roman Catholic Church.
====Chalcedonian Schism (5th Century)====
Primarily due to differing viewpoints of the dogmatic definitions from the [[Council of Chalcedon ]] in 451, the [[Oriental Orthodox]] broke away from the Eastern Orthodox faith.
The Oriental Orthodox Faiths are the following: [2]
====The Ottoman Period====
Under the rule of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, Christians were considered essentially respected, but limited in traditional activities.
In this setting, Christian leadership in Constantinople was allowed to carry on administration functions for Eastern Orthodox churches within the Ottoman Empire. The faith was allowed to continue. To make an analogy, it would if an Islamic empire took over Italy, but the pope and the Roman Catholic Church was were still allowed to carry on general administration functions for Roman Catholic churches within the Islamic empire.[4]
====National Patriarchates====
Romanian Orthodox Church
Despite the Ottoman Empire ruling over Constantinople and what was the Byzantium Byzantine Empire, other Eastern Orthodox Churches like the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] , for example, was not under the rule of an Islamic empire. Various empires rose and fell over 2,000 years. With the various national churches functioning in the language of their nation, the risk of all Orthodox Churches being ruled by a an oppressive empire at the same time is minimized.
====The Present Time====
In 2019, UNESCO inscribed the Byzantine chant in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[7]
====References====