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{{Infobox_Contents |topic_name = Infinitive Verbs in Koine Greek |subtopics = [[Koine Greek: Purpose]] |opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} |}} ==Lesson== The '''infinitive mood''' is a form of the verb. In English, an infinitive verb is expressed using the word "to" before the verb (e.g. "to destroy" = λυειν). ===Forms - Tense=== Using [[λυω]], the different forms of the infinitive are * Present Active - λυειν* Present Middle / Passive - λυεσθαι * Aorist Active - λυσαι* Aorist Middle - λυσασθαι* Aorist Passive - λυθηναι The Present indicatives an unfolding action whereas the Aorist indicatives a summary action. In practice, they are translated into English the same. ===Uses of the Infinitive=== The infinitive verb has the following uses* Complementary* Purpose* Articular * In place of a noun ====Complementary Infinitives==== An infinitive is complementary if it completes the idea of another verb. ====Purpose Infinitives==== An infinitive is purpose if it stands alone in expressing an idea of purpose. Sometimes it will be preceded by the genitive article του. See [[Koine Greek: Purpose]] ====To Express Result==== An infinitive preceded by the word [[`ωστε]] communicates that a result has been achieved. `ωστε can thus be translated as "with the result that" or "consequently". ====In place of a noun==== An infinitive verb may be used in place of a noun. An example of this is found in [[Philippians 1:21]], where "το ζην χριστος" = "to live (is) Christ" and "το αποθανειν κερδος" = "to die (is) gain".:''{{Bible verse|Philippians|1|21|lang=Greek}}'':''{{Bible verse|Philippians|1|21|lang=WEB}}'' ====Articular Infinitives==== An articular infinitive is an infinitive which stands with a preposition and its neuter definite article giving it a special meaning. Specific uses include* ''Purpose:'' Formed with ''εις το + infinitive'' or ''προς το + infinitive'' and is translated as: ''in order to''* ''Because:'' Formed with ''δια το + infinitive'' and is translated as: ''because''* ''Time during:'' Formed with ''εν τω + infinitive'' and is translated as: ''when'' or ''while''* ''Time before:'' Formed with ''προ του + infinitive''Synopsisand is translated as:''before''* ''Time after:'' Formed with ''μετα το + infinitive'' and is translated as: ''after'' ===Accusative of Reference=== The subject on an infinitive verb is placed directly after the verb, in the accusative case (not the nominative). It is known as the ''accusative of respect'' or the ''accusative of reference''.
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{{returnto}} [[Koine Greek]] [[Category:Koine Greek]][[Category:Koine Greek: Verbs]]