Koine Greek: Verbs - Infinitive
Synopsis: The infinitive is a form of the verb.
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Lesson
The infinitive is a form of the verb.
Forms - Tense
Using λυω, the different forms of the infinitive are
- Present Active - λυειν
- Present Middle / Passive - λυεσθαι
- Aorist Active - λυσαι
- Aorist Middle - λυσασθαι
- Aorist Passive - λυθηναι
The Present indicatives an unfolding action whereas the Aorist indicatives a summary action. In practice, they are translated into English the same.
Uses of the Infinitive
The infinitive verb has the following uses
- Complementary
- Purpose
- Articular
Complementary Infinitives
An infinitive is complementary if it completes the idea of another verb.
Purpose Infinitives
An infinitive is purpose if it stands alone in expressing an idea of purpose. Sometimes it will be preceded by the genitive article του.
Articular Infinitives
An articular infinitive is an infinitive which stands with a preposition and its neuter definite article giving it a special meaning.
Specific uses include
- Purpose: Formed with εις το + infinitive or προς το + infinitive and is translated as: in order to
- Because: Formed with δια το + infinitive and is translated as: because
- Time during: Formed with εν τω + infinitive and is translated as: when or while
- Time before: Formed with προ του + infinitive and is translated as: before
- Time after: Formed with μετα το + infinitive and is translated as: after
Accusative of Reference
The subject on an infinitive verb is placed directly after the verb, in the accusative case (not the nominative). It is known as the accusative of respect or the accusative of reference.
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