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{{overview}}The Protestant Churches are one of the main groups of churches or branches in [[Christianity]]. The Protestant Churches developed because of a split from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] that occurred during the sixteenth century in Europe — a period known as the Protestant [[Reformation]]. The split occurred primarily over issues of doctrine (belief), especially the issue of [[Justification by faith]] versus [[Justification by faith plus works]]. Some of the main Protestant church denominations today include the [[Lutheran Church]], [[Anglican Communion]] and the [[Baptist Church]].
{{topics}}* [[Branches of Protestantism Index]] | [[Anabaptist]] | [[Anglican Communion]] | [[Baptist]] | [[Lutheran]] | [[Methodist]] | [[Presbyterian]] | [[Reformed]] | [[Salvation Army]] | [[Seventh-day Adventist]] | [[Uniting churches]] | [[Miscellaneous Protestant Movements Index]]* [[History of Protestantism]] | [[Reformation]] | [[Puritan Movement]]* [[Protestant Doctrine]] {{opinions}} {{quotes}} ==Main article== Protestantism is a movement within [[Christianity]], representing a split from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] that occurred during the sixteenth century in Europe — a period known as the Protestant Definition and origins - [[Reformation]]. The split occurred primarily over issues of doctrine, especially the issue of [[Justification by faith]] versus [[Justification by faith plus works]]. Some of the main Protestant church denominations today include the [[Lutheran Church]], [[Anglican Communion]] and the [[Baptist Church]]. ===Definition and origins===
20th centurySome of the more recent well known Protestants include:
21st century
*[http://www.ccir.ed.ac.uk/~jad/glb_sola.html Is Sola Scriptura a Protestant Concoction? by Dr. Greg Bahnsen ]
*[http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9508/opinion/leithart.html Why Protestants Still Protest by Peter J. Leithart]
*[http://lionofjudah.tribulationforces.com/world_religions/catholic.html Protestant criticisms of Roman Catholicism]
* [http://catalystresources.org/issues/303balmer.html The Future of American Protestantism] from ''Catalyst'' ({{returnto}} [[United Methodist Church|United Methodist perspectiveDenominations]])
{{returnto}} [[Category:Denominations]][[Category:Protestant]]
→Well-known Protestant and Anglican religious figures: William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army
{{summary Infobox_Contents | texttopic_name =The Protestant Churches | subtopics = [[Branches of Protestantism is a movement within Index]] - [[ChristianityAnabaptist]], representing a split from the [[Roman Catholic ChurchAnglican Communion]] that occurred during the sixteenth century in Europe — a period known as the Protestant , [[Baptist]], [[Lutheran]], [[Methodist]], [[Presbyterian]], [[Reformed churches]], [[Salvation Army]], [[ReformationSeventh-day Adventist]]. The split occurred primarily over issues of doctrine, especially the issue of [[Justification by faithUniting churches]]* [[Protestant Doctrine]] versus - [[Justification by faith plus works]]. Some * [[History of the main Protestant church denominations today include the Protestantism]] - [[Reformation]], [[Puritan Movement]]* Modern movements - [[Lutheran ChurchEvangelicalism]], [[Anglican CommunionLiberalism]] and the , [[Baptist ChurchCharismatic]].| opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} | }}
The term Protestant originally applied to the group of princes and imperial cities who protested the decision by the 1529 Diet of Speyer to reverse course and enforce the 1521 Edict of Worms. The 1521 edict forbade Lutheran teachings within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1526 session of the Diet had agreed to toleration of Lutheran teachings (on the basis of Cuius regio, eius religio) until a General Council could be held to settle the question, but by 1529 the Catholic forces felt they had gathered enough power to end the toleration without waiting for a Council.
In Christian theology, as the bread shares identity with Christ (which he calls, "my body"), in an analogous way the Church shares identity with him (and also is called "the Body of Christ"). Thus, controversies over the Lord's Supper only initially seem to be about the nature of bread and wine, but are ultimately about the nature of salvation, and therefore secondarily about the nature of the Church.
===Later development- [[History of Protestantism]]===
Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the magisterial Reformation and the Puritan Reformation in England. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning later movements in the same groups.
====Pietism 17th Century - Methodist movement 18th century====
===Well-known Protestant and Anglican religious figures===
Some of the well known 16th centuryProtestants include:
* [[Jacobus Arminius]], Dutch theologian, founder of school of thought known as Arminianism
* [[John Calvin]], French speaking Reformer, theologian, founder of school of thought known as Calvinism
* [[Huldrych Zwingli]], early Swiss religious reformer
Some of the well known Protestants from the 17th-to 19th centuriesinclude:
* [[Jacob Amman]], founder of the Amish church
* [[Francis Asbury]], early bishop of American Methodism
* [[William Booth]], founder of the Salvation Army
* [[Jonathan Edwards]], American Puritan theologian, Great Awakening reformist preacher, Calvinist
* [[George Fox]], Founder of the Society of Friends
* [[George Whitefield]], Great Awakening reformist preacher
* [[Billy Graham]], American evangelist
* [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], peace and civil rights activist
* [[Jerry Falwell]], American evangelist and political activist
* [[C. S. Lewis]], apologist / fiction writer
* [[Karl Barth]], German theologian along with Emil Brunner known for Dialectical theology and Neo-orthodox theology* [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], German theologian, involved in the resistance against Nazism and executed shortly before the end of World War 2
* [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], American theologion and ethicist
* [[Pat Robertson]], American charismatic/fundamentalist leader
* [[Desmond Tutu]], Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, peace activist
* [[John Howard Yoder]], Mennonite theologian and ethicist
* [[Franklin Graham]], American evangelist (son of Billy Graham)
* [[John B. Cobb]], theologian, involved in Process Theology
* [[Stanley Hauerwas]], American Christian theologian and ethicist
==Quotes==
==Links==
===Defense of Protestant Christianity===
*[http://www.apologeticsinfo.org/resource.html Apologetics Information Ministry]
===Criticisms of Protestant Christianity===
* [http://protestantism.blogspot.com/ Anti-protestant analysis]
* [http://catholiceducation.org/articlesen/religion-and-philosophy/apologetics/ap0097why-only-catholicism-can-make-protestantism-work-louis-bouyer-on-the-reformation.html Why Only Catholicism Can Make Protestantism Work] by Mark Brumley
===Miscellaneous===
* [http://catalystresources.org/the-future-of-american-protestantism The Future of American Protestantism] from ''Catalyst'' ([[United Methodist Church|United Methodist perspective]])
