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__NOTOC__{{Infobox_Contents | topic_name =The Reformation | subtopics =Synopsis=[[Protestantism]], [[Roman Catholicism]]* [[Indulgence]], [[95 Theses]], [[Wittenburg]]* [[Counter Reformation]], [[Reformation Day]]* [[Reformers Index]] - [[Martin Luther]], [[John Calvin]], [[Ulrich Zwingli]] | opinion_pieces ={{short_opinions}}* [[Travelogue: Wittenberg (G.G.)]] |}}

In the 16th century, the practice of buying [[indulgencesindulgence]] s for the remission of punishment in [[purgatory ]] was prominent in the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. A number of prominent Christians questioned the teaching of purgatory and indulgences, culminating in 1517 with the German [[Martin Luther]] circulating his [[95 Theses]] disputing indulgences. This marked the start of the Reformation and the Protestant Church. The ideas in Germany were taken up in other northern European countries, England and Switzerland. The [[Protestant Churches]] taught that the [[Bible]] had [[Sola Scriptura|sole absolute authority]], that every believer could come to [[God the Father]] through [[Christ]] without the need for a [[priest]], and that [[justification]] was through faith alone. The [[Roman Catholic]] response to The Protestant Reformation is known as The [[Counter Reformation]].

==Contents=Background to Reformation===

{{topics}}* [[Protestantism]] | [[Roman Catholicism]]* [[Indulgence]] | [[95 Theses]] | [[Wittenburg]]* [[Counter Reformation]]* [[Reformers Index]] | ===[[Martin Luther]] | [[John Calvin]] | [[Ulrich Zwingli]]and Reformation in Germany===

{{opinions}}* [[Wittenberg: Extracts from a person travellogue (G.G.)]] {{quotes}} ==Main article== In the 16th century, the practice of buying [[indulgencesUlrich Zwingli]] for the remission of punishment in purgatory was prominent in the and [[Roman Catholic ChurchJohn Calvin]]. A number of prominent Christians questioned the teaching of purgatory and indulgences, culminating in 1517 with the German [[Martin Luther]] circulating his [[95 Theses]] disputing indulgences. This marked the start of the Reformation and the Protestant Church. The ideas in Germany were taken up in other northern European countries, England and Switzerland. The [[Protestant Churches]] taught that the [[Bible]] had [[Sola Scriptura|sole absolute authority]], that every believer could come to [[God the Father]] through [[Christ]] without the need for a [[priest]], and that [[justification]] was through faith alone. The [[Roman Catholic]] response to The Protestant Reformation is known as The [[Counter Reformation]]. ===Background to Reformation===

===[[Martin LutherEnglish Reformation]] and Reformation in Germany===

===Unlike other reform movements, the English Reformation began by royal influence. Interestingly, [[Henry VIII]] was initially a strong defender of [[Roman Catholicism]], defending the [[papacy]] in his [[1521 AD]] work [[The Defense of the Seven Sacraments]]. For this he was awarded, by [[Pope Leo X]], the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith). However, the king came into conflict with the papacy when he wished to annul his marriage with [[Catherine of Aragon]], for which he needed papal sanction. Catherine was the aunt of Emperor [[Charles V]], the pope's most significant secular supporter. The ensuing dispute lead to a break from Rome and the declaration of the King of England as head of the English ([[Anglicanism|Anglican]]) Church. England then experienced a period of frenetic reforms, some more radical and others more traditional, under monarchs such as [[Edward VI]] and [[Elizabeth I]], and church leaders such as [[Ulrich ZwingliThomas Cranmer]] and [[John CalvinWilliam Laud]] . What emerged was a state church that considered itself both "Reformed" and Reformation in Switzerland==="Catholic" but not "Roman", along with other "unofficial" more radical movements such as the [[Puritanism|Puritans]].

===[[English Reformation]] and the [[Church of England]]=Quotes==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation Wikipedia - Protestant Reformation]{{returnto}} [[Christianity]] -> [[Church]] -> [[Church history]][[Category:Church history]]