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====Roman Catholicism/Eastern Orthodoxy/Oriental Orthodoxy====

In Roman Catholic teaching , the scripture Scripture passages regarding the last supper Last Supper are understood literally. Catholics typically call Holy Communion "the Eucharist.". The official teaching of the Roman Catholic Church is that when the bishop or priest consecrates the Eucharist, the bread and wine [[Metaphysics|metaphysically]] (i.e. not in a physical, material sense) become Jesus' body and bloodin their very being ("substance"), a while their scientifically-testable physical properties ("accidents") remain the same. This teaching is known as [[transubstantiation]], because the substances of the bread and wine are transformed. The eastern Churches (Eastern, Oriental, and Assyrian Orthodox) also teach this - Eastern Orthodox refer to it not as transubstantiation, however, but as ''metousiosis''.

====Protestant=Lutheranism=====

Most Protestants Lutherans typically believe Holy Communion to be symbolicin the theology called ''consubstantiation''. In other words, they do not hold to Consubstantiation is the Catholic belief of transubstantiation or the Lutheran belief of consubstantiation but instead believe that when the cracker bread and wine are consecrated, the juice or bread and wine remain but Jesus' body and blood are also literally present. This is merely symbolic contrasted with the Catholic/Orthodox belief, where the substances of Jesusbread and wine cease to exist entirely, and only Christ' s body and bloodare present after the consecration. This also contrasts with the mainline Protestant view, which holds that Jesus is not present in a special sense at all during Holy Communion - the bread and wine are pure symbols only. =====Lutheranism=====

===Eastern Most Protestants believe Holy Communion to be purely symbolic. In other words, they do not hold to the Catholic/Orthodox===belief of transubstantiation/metousiosis or the Lutheran belief of consubstantiation, but instead believe that the bread and wine/juice merely represent Jesus' body and blood.