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{{overview}}In the 16th century, the practice of buying [[indulgence]]s for the remission of punishment in [[purgatory]] was prominent in the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. A number of prominent Christians questioned the teaching of purgatory and indulgences, culminating in 1517 with the German [[Martin Luther]] circulating his [[95 Theses]] disputing indulgences. This marked the start of the Reformation and the Protestant Church. The ideas in Germany were taken up in other northern European countries, England and Switzerland. The [[Protestant Churches]] taught that the [[Bible]] had [[Sola Scriptura|sole absolute authority]], that every believer could come to [[God the Father]] through [[Christ]] without the need for a [[priest]], and that [[justification]] was through faith alone. The [[Roman Catholic]] response to The Protestant Reformation is known as The [[Counter Reformation]].
{{topics}}* [[Protestantism]] | [[Roman Catholicism]]* [[Martin Luther]] | [[95 Theses]]* [[Wittenburg]]* [[Counter ===Background to Reformation]]* [[Indulgence]]===
{{opinions}}===[[Martin Luther]] and Reformation in Germany===
{{quotes}}===[[Ulrich Zwingli]] and [[John Calvin]] and Reformation in Switzerland===
{{summary Infobox_Contents | text topic_name = The Reformation | subtopics =In the 16th century, the practice of buying [[indulgencesProtestantism]] for the , [[forgiveness of sinsRoman Catholicism]] was prominent in the * [[Roman Catholic ChurchIndulgence]]. A number of prominent Christians questioned the teaching of purgatory and indulgences, culminating in 1517 with the German [[Martin Luther]] circulating his [[95 Theses]] disputing indulgences. This marked the start of the Reformation and the Protestant Church. The ideas in Germany were taken up in other northern European countries, England and Switzerland. The [[Protestant ChurchesWittenburg]] taught that the * [[Bible]] had [[Sola Scriptura|sole absolute authorityCounter Reformation]], that every believer could come to [[God the FatherReformation Day]] through * [[ChristReformers Index]] without the need for a - [[priestMartin Luther]], and that [[justificationJohn Calvin]] was through faith alone. The , [[Roman CatholicUlrich Zwingli]] response to The Protestant Reformation is known as The | opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}* [[Counter ReformationTravelogue: Wittenberg (G.G.)]].|}}
===[[English Reformation]]=== Unlike other reform movements, the English Reformation began by royal influence. Interestingly, [[Henry VIII]] was initially a strong defender of [[Roman Catholicism]], defending the [[papacy]] in his [[1521 AD]] work [[The Defense of the Seven Sacraments]]. For this he was awarded, by [[Pope Leo X]], the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith). However, the king came into conflict with the papacy when he wished to annul his marriage with [[Catherine of Aragon]], for which he needed papal sanction. Catherine was the aunt of Emperor [[Charles V]], the pope's most significant secular supporter. The ensuing dispute lead to a break from Rome and the declaration of the King of England as head of the English ([[Anglicanism|Anglican]]) Church. England then experienced a period of frenetic reforms, some more radical and others more traditional, under monarchs such as [[Edward VI]] and [[Elizabeth I]], and church leaders such as [[Thomas Cranmer]] and [[William Laud]]. What emerged was a state church that considered itself both "Reformed" and "Catholic" but not "Roman", along with other "unofficial" more radical movements such as the [[Puritanism|Puritans]]. ==Quotes== ==Links==* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation Wikipedia - Protestant Reformation] {{returnto}} [[Christianity]] -> [[Church]] -> [[Church history]][[Category:Church history]]
