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{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Joshua |
subtopics = [[Joshua]]
* [[Promised Land]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Joshua, The Book of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Joshua]] |
}}
Read the book of [[Joshua]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Joshua 1|1]]
[[Joshua 2|2]]
[[Joshua 3|3]]
[[Joshua 4|4]]
[[Joshua 5|5]]
[[Joshua 6|6]]
[[Joshua 7|7]]
[[Joshua 8|8]]
[[Joshua 9|9]]
[[Joshua 10|10]]
[[Joshua 11|11]]
[[Joshua 12|12]]
[[Joshua 13|13]]
[[Joshua 14|14]]
[[Joshua 15|15]]
[[Joshua 16|16]]
[[Joshua 17|17]]
[[Joshua 18|18]]
[[Joshua 19|19]]
[[Joshua 20|20]]
[[Joshua 21|21]]
[[Joshua 22|22]]
[[Joshua 23|23]]
[[Joshua 24|24]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 22|22]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 23|23]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 24|24]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the book of Joshua'''
Here is the history of [[Israel]]'s passing into the land of Canaan, conquering and dividing it, under the command of [[Joshua]], and their history until his death. The power and truth of [[God]] in fulfilling his promises to [[Israel]], and in executing his justly threatened vengeance on the Canaanites, are wonderfully displayed. This should teach us to regard the tremendous curses denounced in the word of [[God]] against impenitent sinners, and to seek refuge in [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]].
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Lord]] appoints [[Joshua]] to succeed [[Moses]].
(1-4)
[[God]] promises to assist [[Joshua]].
(5-9)
Preparation to pass over Jordan.
(10-15)
The people promise to obey [[Joshua]].
(16-18)
'''Verses''' 1-4
[[Joshua]] had attended upon [[Moses]]. He who was called to honour, had been long used to business. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] took upon him the form of a servant. [[Joshua]] was trained up under command. Those are fittest to rule, who have learned to obey. The removal of useful men should quicken survivors to be the more diligent in doing good. Arise, go over Jordan. At this place and at this time the banks were overflowed. [[Joshua]] had no bridge or boats, and yet he must believe that [[God]], having ordered the people over, would open a way.
'''Verses''' 5-9
[[Joshua]] is to make the law of [[God]] his rule. He is charged to meditate therein day and night, that he might understand it. Whatever affairs of this [[world]] we have to mind, we must not neglect the one thing needful. All his orders to the people, and his judgments, must be according to the law of [[God]]. [[Joshua]] must himself be under command; no man's dignity or dominion sets him above the law of [[God]]. He is to encourage himself with the promise and presence of [[God]]. Let not the sense of thine own infirmities dishearten thee; [[God]] is all-sufficient. I have commanded, called, and commissioned thee to do it, and will be sure to bear thee out in it. When we are in the way of duty, we have reason to be strong and very bold. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], as [[Joshua]] here, was borne up under his sufferings by a regard to the will of [[God]], and the commandment from his Father.
'''Verses''' 10-15
[[Joshua]] says to the people, Ye shall pass over Jordan, and shall possess the land; because [[God]] had said so to him. We honour the truth of [[God]], when we stagger not at the promise of [[God]]. The two tribes and a half were to go over [[Jordan]] with their brethren. When [[God]], by his providence, has given us rest, we ought to consider what service we may do to our brethren.
'''Verses''' 16-18
The people of [[Israel]] engage to obey [[Joshua]]; All that thou commandest us to do we will readily do, without murmuring or disputing, and whithersoever thou sendest us we will go. The best we can ask of [[God]] for our magistrates, is, that they may have the presence of [[God]]; that will make them blessings to us, so that in seeking this for them, we consult our own interest. May we be enabled to enlist under the banner of the Captain of our [[salvation]], to be obedient to his commands, and to fight the good fight of faith, with all that [[trust]] in and [[love]] his name, against all who oppose his authority; for whoever refuses to obey him must be destroyed.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
Rahab receives and hides two [[Israelites]].
(1-7)
Rahab and the spies.
(8-21)
The return of the spies.
(22-24)
'''Verses''' 1-7
Faith in [[God]]'s promises ought not to do away, but to encourage our diligence in the use of proper means. The providence of [[God]] directed the spies to the house of Rahab. [[God]] knew where there was one that would be true to them, though they did not. Rahab appears to have been an innkeeper; and if she had formerly been one of bad life, which is doubtful, she had left her evil courses. That which seems to us most accidental, is often overruled by the [[Divine]] providence to serve great ends. It was by [[faith]] that Rahab received those with [[peace]], against whom her king and country had war. We are sure this was a good work; it is so spoken of by the apostle, Jas 2:25; and she did it by faith, such a [[faith]] as set her above the [[fear]] of man. Those only are true [[believer]]s, who find in their hearts to venture for [[God]]; they take his people for their people, and cast in their lot among them. The spies were led by the special providence of [[God]], and Rahab entertained them out of regard to [[Israel]] and [[Israel]]'s [[God]], and not for lucre or for any evil purpose. Though excuses may be offered for the guilt of Rahab's falsehood, it seems best to admit nothing which tends to explain it away. Her views of the [[Divine]] law must have been very dim: a falsehood like this, told by those who enjoy the light of revelation, whatever the motive, would deserve heavy censure.
'''Verses''' 8-21
Rahab had heard of the [[miracle]]s the [[Lord]] wrought for [[Israel]]. She believed that his promises would certainly be fulfilled, and his threatenings take effect; and that there was no way of escape but by submitting to him, and joining with his people. The conduct of Rahab proved that she had the real principle of [[Divine]] faith. Observe the promises the spies made to her. The goodness of [[God]] is often expressed by his kindness and truth, Ps 117:2; in both these we must be followers of him. Those who will be conscientious in keeping promises, are cautious in making them. The spies make needful conditions. The scarlet cord, like the blood upon the doorpost at the passover, recalls to remembrance the sinner's security under the atoning blood of Christ; and that we are to flee thereto for refuge from the wrath of a justly offended [[God]]. The same cord Rahab used for the saving of these [[Israelites]], was to be used for her own safety. What we serve and honour [[God]] with, we may expect he will bless, and make useful to us.
'''Verses''' 22-24
The report the spies brought was encouraging. All the people of the country faint because of [[Israel]]; they have neither wisdom to yield, nor courage to fight. Those terrors of conscience, and that sense of Divine wrath, which dismay the ungodly, but bring not to repentance, are fearful forebodings of approaching destruction. But [[grace]] yet abounds to the chief of sinners. Let them, without delay, flee to [[Christ]], and all shall be well.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Israelites]] come to Jordan.
(1-6)
The [[Lord]] encourages joshua--[[Joshua]] encourages the people.
(7-13)
The [[Israelites]] pass through [[Jordan]] on dry land.
(14-17)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[Israelites]] came to [[Jordan]] in faith, having been told that they should pass it. In the way of duty, let us proceed as far as we can, and depend on the [[Lord]]. [[Joshua]] led them. Particular notice is taken of his early rising, as afterwards upon other occasions, which shows how little he sought his own ease. Those who would bring great things to pass, must rise early. Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty. All in public stations should always attend to the duty of their place. The people were to follow the ark. Thus must we walk after the rule of the word, and the direction of the [[Spirit]], in everything; so shall [[peace]] be upon us as upon the [[Israel]] of [[God]]; but we must follow our ministers only as they follow [[Christ]]. All their way through the wilderness was an untrodden path, but most so this through Jordan. While we are here, we must expect and prepare to pass ways that we have not passed before; but in the path of duty we may proceed with boldness and cheerfulness. Whether we are called to suffer poverty, pain, labour, persecution, reproach, or death, we are following the Author and Finisher of our faith; nor can we set our feet in any dangerous or difficult spot, through our whole journey, but [[faith]] will there see the prints of the [[Redeemer]]'s feet, who trod that very path to [[glory]] above, and bids us follow him, that where he is, we may be also. They were to sanctify themselves. Would we experience the effects of [[God]]'s [[love]] and power, we must put away [[sin]], and be careful not to grieve the [[Holy Spirit]] of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 7-13
The waters of [[Jordan]] shall be cut off. This must be done in such a way as never was done, but in the dividing of the Red sea. That [[miracle]] is here repeated; [[God]] has the same power to finish the [[salvation]] of his people, as to begin it; the WORD of the [[Lord]] was as truly with [[Joshua]] as with [[Moses]]. [[God]]'s appearances for his people ought to encourage [[faith]] and hope. [[God]]'s work is perfect, he will keep his people. Jordan's flood cannot keep out [[Israel]], Canaan's force cannot turn them out again.
'''Verses''' 14-17
[[Jordan]] overflowed all its banks. This magnified the power of [[God]], and his kindness to [[Israel]]. Although those who oppose the [[salvation]] of [[God]]'s people have all advantages, yet [[God]] can and will conquer. This passage over Jordan, as an entrance to Canaan, after their long, weary wanderings in the wilderness, shadowed out the [[believer]]'s passage through [[death]] to heaven, after he has finished his wanderings in this sinful world. [[Jesus]], typified by the ark, hath gone before, and he crossed the river when it most flooded the country around. Let us treasure up experiences of His faithful and tender care, that they may help our [[faith]] and [[hope]] in the last conflict.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
Stones taken out of Jordan.
(1-9)
The people pass through Jordan.
(10-19)
The twelve stones placed in Gilgal.
(20-24)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The works of the [[Lord]] are so worthy of rememberance, and the [[heart]] of man is so prone to forget them, that various methods are needful to refresh our memories, for the [[glory]] of [[God]], our advantage, and that of our children. [[God]] gave orders for preparing this memorial.
'''Verses''' 10-19
The priests with the ark did not stir till ordered to move. Let none be weary of waiting, while they have the tokens of [[God]]'s presence with them, even the ark of the covenant, though it be in the depths of adversity. Notice is taken of the honour put upon [[Joshua]]. Those are feared in the best manner, and to the best purpose, who make it appear that [[God]] is with them, and that they set him before them.
'''Verses''' 20-24
It is the duty of parents to tell their [[children]] betimes of the words and works of [[God]], that they may be trained up in the way they should go. In all the instruction parents give their children, they should teach them to [[fear]] [[God]]. Serious [[godliness]] is the best learning. Are we not called, as much as the [[Israelites]], to praise the loving-kindness of our [[God]]? Shall we not raise a pillar to our [[God]], who has brought us through dangers and distresses in so wonderful a way? For hitherto the [[Lord]] hath helped us, as much as he did his saints of old. How great the stupidity and ingratitude of men, who perceive not His hand, and will not acknowledge his goodness, in their frequent deliverances!
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Canaanites]] are afraid, [[Circumcision]] renewed.
(1-9)
The passover at Gilgal, The manna ceases.
(10-12)
The Captain of the [[Lord]]'s host appears to [[Joshua]].
(13-15)
'''Verses''' 1-9
How dreadful is their case, who see the wrath of [[God]] advancing towards them, without being able to turn it aside, or escape it! Such will be the horrible situation of the wicked; nor can words express the anguish of their feelings, or the greatness of their terror. Oh that they would now take warning, and before it be too late, flee for refuge to lay hold upon that [[hope]] set before them in the [[gospel]]! [[God]] impressed these fears on the Canaanites, and dispirited them. This gave a short rest to the [[Israelites]], and [[circumcision]] rolled away the reproach of [[Egypt]]. They were hereby owned to be the free-born [[children]] of [[God]], having the seal of the covenant. When [[God]] glorifies himself in perfecting the [[salvation]] of his people, he not only silences all enemies, but rolls back their reproaches upon themselves.
'''Verses''' 10-12
A solemn passover was kept, at the time appointed by the law, in the plains of [[Jericho]], in defiance of the [[Canaanites]] round about them. It was a performance of the promise, that when they went up to keep the feasts, their land should be under the special protection of the Divine providence, Ex 34:24. Notice is taken of the ceasing of the manna as soon as they had eaten the old corn of the land. For as it came just when they needed, so it continued as long as they needed it. This teaches us not to expect supplies by [[miracle]]s, when they may be had in a common way. The word and ordinances of [[God]] are spiritual manna, with which [[God]] nourishes his people in this wilderness. Though often forfeited, yet they are continued while we are here; but when we come to the heavenly Canaan, this manna will cease, for we shall no longer need it.
'''Verses''' 13-15
We read not of any appearance of [[God]]'s [[glory]] to [[Joshua]] till now. There appeared to him one as a man to be noticed. This Man was the Son of [[God]], the eternal Word. [[Joshua]] gave him [[Divine]] honours: he received them, which a created angel would not have done, and he is called [[Jehovah]], chap. 6:2. To [[Abraham]] he appeared as a traveller; to [[Joshua]] as a man of war. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will be to his people what their [[faith]] needs. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had his sword drawn, which encouraged [[Joshua]] to carry on the war with vigour. [[Christ]]'s sword drawn in his hand, denotes how ready he is for the defence and [[salvation]] of his people. His sword turns every way. [[Joshua]] will know whether he is a friend or a foe. The cause between the [[Israelites]] and Canaanites, between [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and Beelzebub, will not admit of any man's refusing to take one part or the other, as he may do in worldly contests. [[Joshua]]'s inquiry shows an earnest desire to know the will of [[Christ]], and a cheerful readiness and resolution to do it. All true [[Christians]] must fight under [[Christ]]'s banner, and they will conquer by his presence and assistance.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The siege of [[Jericho]].
(1-5)
The city is compassed.
(6-16)
[[Jericho]] is taken, Rahab and her family are saved.
(17-27)
'''Verses''' 1-5
[[Jericho]] resolves [[Israel]] shall not be its master. It shut itself up, being strongly fortified both by art and nature. Thus were they foolish, and their hearts hardened to their destruction; the miserable case of all that strengthen themselves against the Almighty. [[God]] resolves [[Israel]] shall be its master, and that quickly. No warlike preparations were to be made. By the uncommon method of besieging the city, the [[Lord]] honoured the ark, as the symbol of his presence, and showed that all the victories were from him. The [[faith]] and patience of the people were proved and increased.
'''Verses''' 6-16
Wherever the ark went, the people attended it. [[God]]'s ministers, by the trumpet of the everlasting [[gospel]], which proclaims liberty and victory, must encourage the followers of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in their spiritual warfare. As promised deliverances must be expected in [[God]]'s way, so they must be expected in his time. At last the people were to shout: they did so, and the walls fell. This was a shout of faith; they believed the walls of [[Jericho]] would fall. It was a shout of [[prayer]]; they cry to Heaven for help, and help came.
'''Verses''' 17-27
[[Jericho]] was to be a solemn and awful sacrifice to the justice of [[God]], upon those who had filled up the measure of their sins. So He appoints, from whom, as creatures, they received their lives, and to whom, as sinners, they had forfeited them. Rahab perished not with them that believed not, Heb 11:31. All her kindred were saved with her; thus [[faith]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] brings [[salvation]] to the house, Ac 16:31. She, and they with her, were plucked as brands from the burning. With Rahab, or with the men of [[Jericho]]; our portion must be assigned, as we posses or disregard the sign of [[salvation]]; even [[faith]] in [[Christ]], which worketh by love. Let us remember what depends upon our choice, and let us choose accordingly. [[God]] shows the weight of a [[Divine]] curse; where it rests there is no getting from under it; for it brings ruin without remedy.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Israelites]] smitten at Ai.
(1-5)
[[Joshua]]'s humiliation and [[prayer]].
(6-9)
[[God]] instructs [[Joshua]] what to do.
(10-5)
Achan is detected, He is destroyed.
(16-26)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Achan took some of the spoil of [[Jericho]]. The [[love]] of the [[world]] is that root of bitterness, which of all others is most hardly rooted up. We should take heed of [[sin]] ourselves, lest by it many be defiled or disquieted, Heb 12:15; and take heed of having fellowship with sinners, lest we share their guilt. It concerns us to watch over one another to prevent [[sin]], because others' sins may be to our damage. The easy conquest of [[Jericho]] excited contempt of the enemy, and a disposition to expect the [[Lord]] to do all for them without their using proper means. Thus men abuse the doctrines of [[Divine]] grace, and the promises of [[God]], into excuses for their own sloth and self-indulgence. We are to work out our own [[salvation]], though it is [[God]] that works in us. It was a dear victory to the Canaanites, whereby [[Israel]] was awakened and reformed, and reconciled to their [[God]], and the people of [[Canaan]] hardened to their own ruin.
'''Verses''' 6-9
[[Joshua]]'s concern for the honour of [[God]], more than even for the fate of [[Israel]], was the language of the [[Spirit]] of adoption. He pleaded with [[God]]. He laments their defeat, as he feared it would reflect on [[God]]'s wisdom and power, his goodness and faithfulness. We cannot at any time urge a better plea than this, [[Lord]], what wilt thou do for thy great name? Let [[God]] be glorified in all, and then welcome his whole will.
'''Verses''' 10-15
[[God]] awakens [[Joshua]] to inquiry, by telling him that when this accursed thing was put away, all would be well. Times of danger and trouble should be times of reformation. We should look at home, into our own hearts, into our own houses, and make diligent search to find out if there be not some accursed thing there, which [[God]] sees and abhors; some secret lust, some unlawful gain, some undue withholding from [[God]] or from others. We cannot prosper, until the accursed thing be destroyed out of our hearts, and put out of our habitations and our families, and forsaken in our lives. When the [[sin]] of sinners finds them out, [[God]] is to be acknowledged. With a certain and unerring judgment, the righteous [[God]] does and will distinguish between the innocent and the guilty; so that though the righteous are of the same tribe, and family, and household with the wicked, yet they never shall be treated as the wicked.
'''Verses''' 16-26
See the folly of those that promise themselves secrecy in sin. The righteous [[God]] has many ways of bringing to light the hidden works of darkness. See also, how much it is our concern, when [[God]] is contending with us, to find out the cause that troubles us. We must pray with holy Job, [[Lord]], show me wherefore thou contendest with me. Achan's [[sin]] began in the eye. He saw these fine things, as [[Eve]] saw the forbidden fruit. See what comes of suffering the [[heart]] to walk after the eyes, and what need we have to make this covenant with our eyes, that if they wander they shall be sure to weep for it. It proceeded out of the heart. They that would be kept from sinful actions, must mortify and check in themselves sinful desires, particularly the desire of worldly wealth. Had Achan looked upon these things with an eye of faith, he would have seen they were accursed things, and would have dreaded them; but looking on them with an eye of sense only, he saw them as goodly things, and coveted them. When he had committed the [[sin]], he tried to hide it. As soon as he had got this plunder, it became his burden, and he dared not to use his ill-gotten treasure. So differently do objects of [[temptation]] appear at a distance, to what they do when they have been gotten. See the deceitfulness of sin; that which is pleasing in the commission, is bitter in the reflection. See how they will be deceived that rob [[God]]. Sin is a very troublesome thing, not only to a sinner himself, but to all about him. The righteous [[God]] will certainly recompense tribulation to them that trouble his people. Achan perished not alone in his sin. They lose their own, who grasp at more than their own. His sons and daughters were put to [[death]] with him. It is probable that they helped to hide the things; they must have known of them. What fatal consequences follow, even in this world, to the sinner himself, and to all belonging him! One sinner destroys much good. What, then, will be the wrath to come? Let us flee from it to [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] as the sinner's Friend. There are circumstances in the confession of Achan, marking the progress of [[sin]], from its first entrance into the [[heart]] to its being done, which may serve as the history of almost every offence against the law of [[God]], and the sacrifice of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]] encourages [[Joshua]].
(1, 2)
The taking of Ai.
(3-22)
The destruction of Ai and its king.
(23-29)
The law read on Ebal and Gerizim.
(30-35)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
When we have faithfully put away [[sin]], that accursed thing which separates between us and [[God]], then, and not till then, we may look to hear from [[God]] to our comfort; and [[God]]'s directing us how to go on in our [[Christian]] work and warfare, is a good evidence of his being reconciled to us. [[God]] encouraged [[Joshua]] to proceed. At Ai the spoil was not to be destroyed as at [[Jericho]], therefore there was no danger of the people's committing such a trespass. Achan, who caught at forbidden spoil, lost that, and life, and all; but the rest of the people, who kept themselves from the accursed thing, were quickly rewarded for their obedience. The way to have the comfort of what [[God]] allows us, is, to keep from what he forbids us. No man shall lose by self-denial.
'''Verses''' 3-22
Observe [[Joshua]]'s conduct and prudence. Those that would maintain their spiritual conflicts must not [[love]] their ease. Probably he went into the valley alone, to pray to [[God]] for a blessing, and he did not seek in vain. He never drew back till the work was done. Those that have stretched out their hands against their spiritual enemies, must never draw them back.
'''Verses''' 23-29
[[God]], the righteous Judge, had sentenced the [[Canaanites]] for their wickedness; the [[Israelites]] only executed his doom. None of their conduct can be drawn into an example for others. Especial reason no doubt there was for this severity to the king of Ai; it is likely he had been notoriously wicked and vile, and a blasphemer of the [[God]] of [[Israel]].
'''Verses''' 30-35
As soon as [[Joshua]] got to the mountains Ebal and Gerizim, without delay, and without caring for the unsettled state of [[Israel]], or their enemies, he confirmed the covenant of the [[Lord]] with his people, as appointed, De 11; 27. We must not think to defer covenanting with [[God]] till we are settled in the world; nor must any business put us from minding and pursuing the one thing needful. The way to prosper is to begin with [[God]], Mt 6:33. They built an altar, and offered sacrifice to [[God]], in token of their dedicating themselves to [[God]], as living sacrifices to his honour, in and by a Mediator. By [[Christ]]'s sacrifice of himself for us, we have [[peace]] with [[God]]. It is a great [[mercy]] to any people to have the law of [[God]] in writing, and it is fit that the written law should be in a known tongue, that it may be seen and read of all men.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The kings combine against [[Israel]].
(1, 2)
The Gibeonites apply for [[peace]].
(3-13)
They obtain [[peace]], but are soon detected.
(14-21)
The Gibeonites are to be bondmen.
(22-27)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
Hitherto the [[Canaanites]] had defended themselves, but here they consult to attack [[Israel]]. Their minds were blinded, and their hearts hardened to their destruction. Though often at enmity with each other, yet they united against [[Israel]]. Oh that [[Israel]] would learn of Canaanites, to sacrifice private interests to the public welfare, and to lay aside all quarrels among themselves, that they may unite against the enemies of [[God]]'s kingdom! (Jos 9:3-13)
'''Verses''' 3-13
Other people heard these tidings, and were driven thereby to make war upon [[Israel]]; but the Gibeonites were led to make [[peace]] with them. Thus the discovery of the [[glory]] and the [[grace]] of [[God]] in the [[gospel]], is to some a savour of life unto life, but to others a savour of [[death]] unto death, 2Co 2:16. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. The falsehood of the Gibeonites cannot be justified. We must not do evil that good may themselves to the [[God]] of [[Israel]], we have reason to think [[Joshua]] would have been directed by the oracle of [[God]] to spare their lives. But when they had once said, "We are come from a far country," they were led to say it made of skins, and their clothes: one lie brings on another, and that a third, and so on. The way of that [[sin]] is especially down-hill. Yet their [[faith]] and prudence are to be commended. In submitting to [[Israel]] they submitted to the [[God]] of [[Israel]], which implied forsaking their idolatries. And how can we do better than cast ourselves upon the [[mercy]] of a [[God]] of all goodness? The way to avoid judgment is to meet it by repentance. Let us do like these Gibeonites, seek [[peace]] with [[God]] in the rags of abasement, and godly sorrow; so our [[sin]] shall not be our ruin. Let us be servants to [[Jesus]], our blessed [[Joshua]], and we shall live.
'''Verses''' 14-21
The [[Israelites]], having examined the provisions of the Gibeonites, hastily concluded that they confirmed their account. We make more haste than good speed, when we stay not to take [[God]] with us, and do not consult him by the word and [[prayer]]. The fraud was soon found out. A lying tongue is but for a moment. Had the oath been in itself unlawful, it would not have been binding; for no obligation can render it our duty to commit a sin. But it was not unlawful to spare the Canaanites who submitted, and left [[idolatry]], desiring only that their lives might be spared. A citizen of [[Zion]] swears to his own hurt, and changes not, Ps 15:4. [[Joshua]] and the princes, when they found that they had been deceived, did not apply to Eleazar the high priest to be freed from their engagement, much less did they pretend that no [[faith]] is to be kept with those to whom they had sworn. Let this convince us how we ought to keep our promises, and make good our bargains; and what conscience we ought to make of our words.
'''Verses''' 22-27
The Gibeonites do not justify their lie, but plead that they did it to save their lives. And the [[fear]] was not merely of the power of man; one might flee from that to the [[Divine]] protection; but of the power of [[God]] himself, which they saw engaged against them. [[Joshua]] sentences them to perpetual bondage. They must be servants, but any work becomes honourable, when it is done for the house of the [[Lord]], and the offices thereof. Let us, in like manner, submit to our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], saying, We are in thy hand, do unto us as seemeth good and right unto thee, only save our souls; and we shall not repent it. If He appoints us to bear his cross, and serve him, that shall be neither shame nor grief to us, while the meanest office in [[God]]'s service will entitle us to a dwelling in the house of the [[Lord]] all the days of our life. And in coming to the [[Saviour]], we do not proceed upon a peradventure. We are invited to draw nigh, and are assured that him that cometh to Him, he will in nowise cast out. Even those things which sound harsh, and are humbling, and form sharp trials of our sincerity, will prove of real advantage.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Five kings war against Gibeon.
(1-6)
[[Joshua]] succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.
(7-14)
The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.
(15-27)
Seven other kings defeated and slain.
(28-43)
'''Verses''' 1-6
When sinners leave the service of [[Satan]] and the friendship of the world, that they make [[peace]] with [[God]] and join [[Israel]], they must not marvel if the [[world]] hate them, if their former friends become foes. By such methods [[Satan]] discourages many who are convinced of their danger, and almost persuaded to be [[Christians]], but [[fear]] the cross. These things should quicken us to apply to [[God]] for protection, help, and deliverance.
'''Verses''' 7-14
The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to [[trust]] the [[Lord]], are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the [[gospel]]. [[Joshua]] would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true [[Joshua]] fail those who [[trust]] in Him! We may be wanting in our trust, but our [[trust]] never can want success. Yet [[God]]'s promises are not to slacken and do away, but to quicken and encourage our endeavours. Notice the great [[faith]] of [[Joshua]], and the power of [[God]] answering it by the miraculous staying of the sun, that the day of [[Israel]]'s victories might be made longer. [[Joshua]] acted on this occasion by impulse on his mind from the [[Spirit]] of [[God]]. It was not necessary that [[Joshua]] should speak, or the [[miracle]] be recorded, according to the modern terms of astronomy. The sun appeared to the [[Israelites]] over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley of Ajalon, and there they appeared to be stopped on their course for one whole day. Is any thing too hard for the [[Lord]]? forms a sufficient answer to ten thousand difficulties, which objectors have in every age started against the truth of [[God]] as revealed in his written word. Proclamation was hereby made to the neighbouring nations, Behold the works of the [[Lord]], and say, What nation is there so great as [[Israel]], who has [[God]] so nigh unto them?
'''Verses''' 15-27
None moved his tongue against any of the [[children]] of [[Israel]]. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the [[Israel]] of [[God]]. Refuges of lies will but secure for [[God]]'s judgment. [[God]] punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleaders of the [[Canaanites]] in [[sin]], he would possess his people with the greater dread and detestation of the sins of the nations that [[God]] cast out from before them. Here is a type and figure of [[Christ]]'s victories over the powers of darkness, and of [[believer]]s' victories through him. In our spiritual conflicts we must not be satisfied with obtaining some important victory. We must pursue our scattered enemies, searching out the remains of [[sin]] as they rise up in our hearts, and thus pursue the conquest. In so doing, the [[Lord]] will afford light until the warfare be accomplished.
'''Verses''' 28-43
[[Joshua]] made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. [[God]] here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the [[Canaanites]] had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was typified the destruction of all the enemies of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], who, having slighted the riches of his grace, must for ever feel the weight of his wrath. The [[Lord]] fought for [[Israel]]. They could not have gotten the victory, if [[God]] had not undertaken the battle. We conquer when [[God]] fights for us; if he be for us, who can be against us?
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
Divers kings overcome at the waters of Merom.
(1-9)
Hazor is taken and burned.
(10-14)
All that country subdued, The Anakims cut off.
(15-23)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The wonders [[God]] wrought for the [[Israelites]] were to encourage them to act vigorously themselves. Thus the war against [[Satan]]'s kingdom, carried on by preaching the [[gospel]], was at first forwarded by [[miracle]]s; but being fully proved to be of [[God]], we are now left to the Divine [[grace]] in the usual course, in the use of the sword of the [[Spirit]]. [[God]] encouraged [[Joshua]]. Fresh dangers and difficulties make it necessary to seek fresh supports from the word of [[God]], which we have nigh unto us for use in every time of need. [[God]] proportions our trials to our strength, and our strength to our trials. [[Joshua]]'s obedience in destroying the horses and chariots, shows his self-denial in compliance with [[God]]'s command. The possession of things on which the carnal heart is prone to depend, is hurtful to the life of faith, and the walk with [[God]]; therefore it is better to be without worldly advantages, than to have the soul endangered by them. (Jos 11:10-14)
'''Verses''' 10-14
The [[Canaanites]] filled up the measure of their iniquity, and were, as a judgment, left to the pride, obstinacy, and enmity of their hearts, and to the power of [[Satan]]; all restraints being withdrawn, while the dispensations of Providence tended to drive them to despair. They brought on themselves the vengeance they justly merited, of which the [[Israelites]] were to be executioners, by the command the [[Lord]] gave to [[Moses]].
'''Verses''' 15-23
Never let the sons of Anak be a terror to the [[Israel]] of [[God]], for their day to fall will come. The land rested from war. It ended not in a [[peace]] with the Canaanites, that was forbidden, but in a [[peace]] from them. There is a rest, a rest from war, remaining for the people of [[God]], into which they shall enter, when their warfare is accomplished. That which was now done, is compared with what had been said to [[Moses]]. [[God]]'s word and his works, if viewed together, will be found mutually to set each other forth. If we make conscience of our duty, we need not question the performance of the promise. But the [[believer]] must never put off his armour, or expect lasting [[peace]], till he closes his eyes in death; nay, as his strength and usefulness increase, he may expect more heavy trials; yet the [[Lord]] will not permit any enemies to assault the [[believer]] till he has prepared him for the battle. [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] ever lives to plead for his people, and their [[faith]] shall not fail, however [[Satan]] may be permitted to assault them. And however tedious, sharp, and difficult the [[believer]]'s warfare, his patience in tribulation may be encouraged by the joyfulness of hope; for he will, ere long, rest from [[sin]] and from sorrow in the [[Canaan]] above.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
The two kings conquered by [[Moses]].
(1-6)
The kings whom [[Joshua]] smote.
(7-24)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Fresh mercies must not drown the remembrance of former mercies, nor must the [[glory]] of the present instruments of good to the [[church]] diminish the just honour of those who went before them, since [[God]] is the same who wrought by both. [[Moses]] gave to one part of [[Israel]] a very rich and fruitful country, but it was on the outside of Jordan. [[Joshua]] gave to all [[Israel]] the holy land, within Jordan. So the law has given to some few of [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] worldly blessings, earnests of good things to come; but our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], the true [[Joshua]], provided for all the [[children]] of promise spiritual blessings, and the heavenly Canaan.
'''Verses''' 7-24
We have here the limits of the country [[Joshua]] conquered. A list is given of the kings subdued by [[Israel]]: thirty-one in all. This shows how fruitful [[Canaan]] then was, in which so many chose to throng together. This was the land [[God]] appointed for [[Israel]]; yet in our day it is one of the most barren and unprofitable countries in the world. Such is the effect of the curse it lies under, since its possessors rejected Christ and his [[gospel]], as was foretold by [[Moses]], De 29:23. The vengeance of a righteous [[God]], inflicted on all these kings and their subjects, for their wickedness, should make us dread and hate sin. The fruitful land bestowed on his chosen people, should fill our hearts with [[hope]] and confidence in his [[mercy]], and with humble gratitude.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
Bounds of the land not yet conquered.
(1-6)
Inheritance of Reuben.
(7-33)
'''Verses''' 1-6
At this Chapter begins the account of the dividing of the land of [[Canaan]] among the tribes of [[Israel]] by lot; a narrative showing the performance of the promise made to the fathers, that this land should be given to the seed of [[Jacob]]. We are not to pass over these Chapters of hard names as useless. Where [[God]] has a mouth to speak, and a hand to write, we should find an ear to hear, and an eye to read; and may [[God]] give us a [[heart]] to profit! [[Joshua]] is supposed to have been about one hundred years old at this time. It is good for those who are old and stricken in years to be put in remembrance of their being so. [[God]] considers the frame of his people, and would not have them burdened with work above their strength. And all people, especially old people, should set to do that quickly which must be done before they die, lest [[death]] prevent them, Ec 9:10. [[God]] promise that he would make the [[Israelites]] masters of all the countries yet unsubdued, through [[Joshua]] was old, and not able to do it; old, and not likely to live to see it done. Whatever becomes of us, and however we may be laid aside as despised, broken vessels, [[God]] will do his own work in his own time. We must work out our [[salvation]], then [[God]] will work in us, and work with us; we must resist our spiritual enemies, then [[God]] will tread them under our feet; we must go forth to our [[Christian]] work and warfare, then [[God]] will go forth before us.
'''Verses''' 7-33
The land must be divided among the tribes. It is the will of [[God]] that every man should know his own, and not take that which is another's. The [[world]] must be governed, not by force, but right. Wherever our habitation is placed, and in whatever honest way our portion is assigned, we should consider them as allotted of [[God]]; we should be thankful for, and use them as such, while every prudent method should be used to prevent disputes about property, both at present and in future. [[Joshua]] must be herein a type of [[Christ]], who has not only conquered the gates of hell for us, but has opened to us the gates of heaven, and having purchased the eternal inheritance for all [[believer]]s, will put them in possession of it. Here is a general description of the country given to the two tribes and a half, by [[Moses]]. [[Israel]] must know their own, and keep to it; and may not, under pretence of their being [[God]]'s peculiar people, encroach on their neighbours. Twice in this Chapter it is noticed, that to the tribe of Levi [[Moses]] gave no inheritance: see Nu 18:20. Their maintenance must be brought out of all the tribes. The ministers of the [[Lord]] should show themselves indifferent about worldly interests, and the people should take care they want nothing suitable. And happy are those who have the [[Lord]] [[God]] of [[Israel]] for their inheritance, though little of this [[world]] falls to their lot. His providences will supply their wants, his consolations will support their souls, till they gain heavenly [[joy]] and everlasting pleasures.
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
The nine tribes and a half to have their inheritance.
(1-5)
Caleb obtains Hebron.
(6-15)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The [[Israelites]] must occupy the new conquests. [[Canaan]] would have been subdued in vain, if it had not been inhabited. Yet every man might not go and settle where he pleased. [[God]] shall choose our inheritance for us. Let us survey our heritage of present [[mercy]], our prospect for the land of promise, eternal in the heavens. Is [[God]] any respecter of persons? Is it not better that our place, as to earthly good or sorrow, should be determined by the infinite wisdom of our heavenly Father, than by our own ignorance? Should not those for whom the great mystery of [[godliness]] was exhibited, those whose redemption was purchased by [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], thankfully refer their earthly concerns to his appointment?
'''Verses''' 6-15
Caleb's request is, "Give me this mountain," or Hebron, because it was formerly in [[God]]'s promise to him, and he would let [[Israel]] knows how much he valued the promise. Those who live by [[faith]] value that which is given by [[God]]'s promise, far above what is given by his providence only. It was now in the Anakims' possession, and Caleb would let [[Israel]] know how little he feared the enemy, and that he would encourage them to push on their conquests. Caleb answered to his name, which signifies "all heart." Hebron was settled on Caleb and his heirs, because he wholly followed the [[Lord]] [[God]] of [[Israel]]. Happy are we if we follow him. Singular piety shall be crowned with singular favour.
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
The borders of the lot of [[Judah]].
(1-12)
Caleb's portion, His daughter's blessing.
(13-19)
The cities of [[Judah]].
(20-63)
'''Verses''' 1-12
[[Joshua]] allotted to [[Judah]], Ephraim, and the half of Manasseh, their inheritances before they left Gilgal. Afterwards removing to Shiloh, another survey was made, and the other tribes had their portion assigned. In due time all [[God]]'s people are settled.
'''Verses''' 13-19
Achsah obtained some land by Caleb's free grant. He gave her a south land. Land indeed, but a south land, dry and apt to be parched. She obtained more, on her request, and he gave the upper and the nether springs. Those who understand it but of one field, watered both with the rain of heaven, and the springs that issued out of the earth, countenance the allusion commonly made to this, when we pray for spiritual and heavenly blessings which relate to our souls, as blessings of the upper springs, and those which relate to the body and the life that now is, as blessings of the nether springs. All the blessings, both of the upper and the nether springs, belong to the [[children]] of [[God]]. As related to [[Christ]], they have them freely given of the Father, for the lot of their inheritance.
'''Verses''' 20-63
Here is a list of the cities of [[Judah]]. But we do not here find [[Bethlehem]], afterwards the city of [[David]], and ennobled by the birth of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] in it. That city, which, at the best, was but little among the thousands of [[Judah]], Mic 5:2, except that it was thus honoured, was now so little as not to be accounted one of the cities.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
The sons of [[Joseph]].
--This and the following Chapter should not be separated. They give the lots of Ephraim and Manasseh, the [[children]] of [[Joseph]], who, next to [[Judah]], were to have the post of honour, and therefore had the first and best portion in the northern part of Canaan, as [[Judah]] in the southern part. [[God]]'s people now, as of old, suffer his enemies to remain. Blessed [[Lord]], when will all our enemies be subdued? 1Co 15:26. Do thou drive them all out; thou alone canst do it. These settled boundaries may remind us, that our situation and provision in this life, as well as our future inheritance, are appointed by the only wise and righteous [[God]], and we should be content with our portion, since he knows what is best for us, and all we have is more than we deserve.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
The lot of Manasseh.
(1-6)
The boundaries of Manasseh, The [[Canaanites]] not driven out.
(7-13)
[[Joseph]] desires a larger portion.
(14-18)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Manasseh was but half of the tribe of [[Joseph]], yet it was divided into two parts. The daughters of Zelophehad now reaped the benefit of their pious zeal and prudent forecast. Those who take care in the wilderness of this world, to make sure to themselves a place in the inheritance of the saints in light, will have the comfort of it in the other world; while those who neglect it now, will lose it for ever. [[Lord]], teach us here to believe and obey, and give us an inheritance among thy saints, in [[glory]] everlasting.
'''Verses''' 7-13
There was great communication between Manasseh and Ephraim. Though each tribe had its inheritance, yet they should intermix one with another, to do good offices one to another, as became those, who, though of different tribes, were all one [[Israel]], and were bound to [[love]] as brethren. But they suffered the [[Canaanites]] to live among them, against the command of [[God]], to serve their own ends.
'''Verses''' 14-18
[[Joshua]], as a public person, had no more regard to his own tribe than to any other, but would govern without favour or affection; wherein he has left a good example to all in public trusts. [[Joshua]] tells them, that what was fallen to their share would be a sufficient lot for them, if they would but work and fight. Men excuse themselves from labour by any pretence; and nothing serves the purpose better than having rich and powerful relations, able to provide for them; and they are apt to desire a partial and unfaithful disposal of what is intrusted to those they think able to give such help. But there is more real kindness in pointing out the advantages within reach, and in encouraging men to make the best of them, than in granting indulgences to sloth and extravagance. True [[religion]] gives no countenance to these evils. The rule is, They shall not eat who will not work; and many of our "cannots" are only the language of idleness, which magnifies every difficulty and danger. This is especially the case in our spiritual work and warfare. Without [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we can do nothing, but we are apt to sit still and attempt nothing. if we belong to Him, he will stir us up to our best endeavours, and to cry to him for help. Then our coast will be enlarged, 1Ch 4:9, 10, and complainings silenced, or rather, turned into joyful thanksgivings.
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
The tabernacle set up at Shiloh.
(1)
The remainder of the land described and divided.
(2-10)
The boundaries of Benjamin.
(11-28)
'''Verse''' 1
Shiloh was in the lot of Ephraim, the tribe to which [[Joshua]] belonged, and it was proper that the tabernacle should be near the residence of the chief governor. The name of this city is the same as that by which [[Jacob]] prophesied of the [[Messiah]], Ge 49:10. It is supposed by some that the city was thus called, when it was chosen for the resting-place of the ark, which typified our great Peace-maker, and the way by him to a reconciled [[God]].
'''Verses''' 2-10
After a year or more, [[Joshua]] blamed their slackness, and told them how to proceed. [[God]], by his grace, has given us a title to a good land, the heavenly Canaan, but we are slack to take possession of it; we enter not into that rest, as we might by faith, and hope, and holy joy. How long shall it be thus with us? How long shall we thus stand in our own light, and forsake our own mercies for lying vanities? [[Joshua]] stirs the [[Israelites]] up to take possession of their lots. He is ready to do his part, if they will do theirs.
'''Verses''' 11-28
The boundaries of each portion were distinctly drawn, and the inheritance of each tribe settled. All contests and selfish claims were prevented by the wise appointment of [[God]], who allotted the hill and the valley, the corn and pasture, the brooks and rivers, the towns and cities. Is the lot of any servant of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] cast in affliction and sorrow? It is the [[Lord]]; let him do what seemeth him good. Are we in prosperity and [[peace]]? It is from above. Be humbled when you compare the gift with your own unworthiness. Forget not Him that gave the good, and always be ready to resign it at his command.
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The lot of Simeon.
(1-9)
The lot of Zebulun.
(10-16)
The lot of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan.
(17-51)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The men of [[Judah]] did not oppose taking away the cities within their border, when convinced that they had more than was right. If a true [[believer]] has obtained an unintended and improper advantage in any thing, he will give it up without murmuring. Love seeketh not her own, and doth not behave unseemly; it will induce those in whom it richly dwells, to part with their own to supply what is lacking to their brethren.
'''Verses''' 10-16
In the division to each tribe of [[Israel]], the prophetic blessings of [[Jacob]] were fulfilled. They chose for themselves, or it was divided to them by lot, in the manner and places that he foresaw. So sure a rule to go by is the word of prophecy: we see by it what to believe, and it proves beyond all dispute the things that are of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 17-51
[[Joshua]] waited till all the tribes were settled, before he asked any provision for himself. He was content to be unfixed, till he saw them all placed, and herein is an example to all in public places, to prefer the common welfare before private advantage. Those who labour most to do good to others, seek an inheritance in the [[Canaan]] above: but it will be soon enough to enter thereon, when they have done all the service to their brethren of which they are capable. Nor can any thing more effectually assure them of their title to it, than endeavouring to bring others to desire, to seek, and to obtain it. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] came and dwelt on earth, not in pomp but poverty, providing rest for man, yet himself not having where to lay his head; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] pleased not himself. Nor would he enter upon his inheritance, till by his obedience to [[death]] he secured the eternal inheritance for all his people; nor will he account his own [[glory]] completed, till every ransomed sinner is put in possession of his heavenly rest.
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
The law concerning the cities of refuge.
(1-6)
The cities appointed as refuges.
(7-9)
'''Verses''' 1-6
When the [[Israelites]] were settled in their promised inheritance, they were reminded to set apart the cities of refuge, whose use and typical meaning have been explained, Nu 35; De 19. [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] have, and shall have in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and heaven, not only rest to repose in, but refuge to secure themselves in. These cities were designed to typify the relief which the [[gospel]] provides for penitent sinners, and their protection from the curse of the law and the wrath of [[God]], in our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], to whom [[believer]]s flee for refuge, Heb 6:18.
'''Verses''' 7-9
These cities, as those also on the other side Jordan, stood so that a man might in half a day reach one of them from any part of the country. [[God]] is ever a Refuge at hand. They were all [[Levites]]' cities. It was kindness to the poor fugitive, that when he might not go up to the house of the [[Lord]], yet he had the servants of [[God]] with him, to instruct him, and pray for him, and to help to make up the want of public ordinances. Some observe a significance in the names of these cities with application to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] our Refuge. Kedesh signifies holy, and our Refuge is the holy [[Jesus]]. Shechem, a shoulder, and the government is upon his shoulder. Hebron, fellowship, and [[believer]]s are called into the fellowship of [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] our [[Lord]]. Bezer, a fortification, for he is a strong hold to all those that [[trust]] in him. Ramoth, high or exalted, for Him hath [[God]] exalted with his own right hand. Golan, joy or exultation, for in Him all the saints are justified, and shall glory.
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
Cities for the [[Levites]].
(1-8)
The cities allotted to the [[Levites]].
(9-42)
[[God]] gave the land and rest to the [[Israelites]], according to his promise.
(43-45)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The [[Levites]] waited till the other tribes were provided for, before they preferred their claim to [[Joshua]]. They build their claim upon a very good foundation; not their own merits or services, but the Divine precept. The maintenance of ministers is not a thing left merely to the will of the people, that they may let them starve if they please; they which preach the [[gospel]] should live by the [[gospel]], and should live comfortably. (Jos 21:9-42)
'''Verses''' 9-42
By mixing the [[Levites]] with the other tribes, they were made to see that the eyes of all [[Israel]] were upon them, and therefore it was their concern to walk so that their ministry might not be blamed. Every tribe had its share of [[Levites]]' cities. Thus did [[God]] graciously provide for keeping up [[religion]] among them, and that they might have the word in all parts of the land. Yet, blessed be [[God]], we have the [[gospel]] more diffused amongst us. (Jos 21:43-45)
'''Verses''' 43-45
[[God]] promised to give to the seed of [[Abraham]] the land of [[Canaan]] for a possession, and now they possessed it, and dwelt therein. And the promise of the heavenly [[Canaan]] is as sure to all [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]]; for it is the promise of Him that cannot lie. There stood not a man before them. The after-prevalence of the [[Canaanites]] was the effect of [[Israel]]'s slothfulness, and the punishment of their sinful inclination to the idolatries and abominations of the heathen whom they harboured and indulged. There failed not aught of any good thing, which the [[Lord]] had spoken to the house of [[Israel]]. In due season all his promises will be accomplished; then will his people acknowledge that the [[Lord]] has exceeded their largest expectations, and made them more than conquerors, and brought them to their desired rest.
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
Reuben and Gad, with the half tribe of Manasseh, dismissed to their homes.
(1-9)
They build an altar of testimony, The congregation offended thereat.
(10-20)
The answer of the Reubenites.
(21-29)
The [[children]] of [[Israel]] satisfied.
(30-34)
'''Verses''' 1-9
[[Joshua]] dismisses the tribes with good counsel. Those who have the commandment have it in vain, unless they do the commandment; and it will not be done aright unless we take diligent heed. In particular to [[love]] the [[Lord]] our [[God]], as the best of beings, and the best of friends; and as far as that principle rules in the heart, there will be constant care and endeavour to walk in his ways, even those that are narrow and up-hill. In every instance to keep his commandments. At all times, and in all conditions, with purpose of [[heart]] to cleave unto the [[Lord]], and to serve him and his kingdom among men, with all our heart, and with all our soul. This good counsel is given to all; may [[God]] give us grace to take it!
'''Verses''' 10-20
Here is the care of the separated tribes to keep their hold of Canaan's [[religion]]. At first sight it seemed a design to set up an altar against the altar at Shiloh. [[God]] is jealous for his own institutions; we should be so too, and afraid of every thing that looks like, or leads to [[idolatry]]. Corruptions in [[religion]] are best dealt with at first. But their prudence in following up this zealous resolution is no less commendable. Many an unhappy strife would be prevented, or soon made up, by inquiries into the matter of the offence. The remembrance of great sins committed formerly, should engage us to stand on our guard against the beginnings of sin; for the way of [[sin]] is down-hill. We are all concerned to reprove our neighbour when he does amiss, lest we suffer [[sin]] upon him, Le 19:17. The offer made that they should be welcome to come to the land where the [[Lord]]'s tabernacle was, and settle there, was in the spirit of true [[Israelites]].
'''Verses''' 21-29
The tribes took the reproofs of their brethren in good part. With solemnity and meekness they proceeded to give all the satisfaction in their power. Reverence of [[God]] is expressed in the form of their appeal. This brief confession of [[faith]] would remove their brethren's suspicion that they intended to [[worship]] other gods. Let us always speak of [[God]] with seriousness, and mention his name with a solemn pause. Those who make appeals to Heaven with a careless "[[God]] knows," take his name in vain: it is very unlike this. They express great confidence of their own uprightness in the matter of their appeal. "[[God]] knows it," for he is perfectly acquainted with the thoughts and intents of the heart. In every thing we do in [[religion]], it highly concerns us to approve ourselves to [[God]], remembering that he knows the heart. And if our sincerity be known to [[God]], we should study likewise to let others know it by its fruits, especially those who, though they mistake us, show zeal for the [[glory]] of [[God]]. They disdained the design of which they were suspected to be guilty, and fully explained their true intent in building this altar. Those who have found the comfort and benefit of [[God]]'s ordinances, cannot but desire to preserve them to their seed, and to use all possible care that their [[children]] may be looked upon as having a part in him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the great Altar that sanctifies every gift; the best evidence of our interest in him is the work of his [[Spirit]] in our hearts.
'''Verses''' 30-34
It is well that there was on both sides a disposition to [[peace]], as there was a zeal for [[God]]; for quarrels about [[religion]], for want of wisdom and love, often prove the most fierce and difficult to be made up. Proud and peevish spirits, when they have passed any unjust blame on their brethren, though full evidence be brought of its unfairness, can by no means be persuaded to withdraw it. But [[Israel]] was not so prejudiced. They looked upon their brethren's innocence as a token of [[God]]'s presence. Our brethren's zeal for the power of [[godliness]], and [[faith]] and love, notwithstanding the fears of their breaking the unity of the [[church]], are things of which we should be very glad to be satisfied. The altar was called ED, a witness. It was a witness of their care to keep their [[religion]] pure and entire, and would witness against their descendants, if they should turn from following after the [[Lord]]. Happy will it be when all professed [[Christians]] learn to copy the example of [[Israel]], to unite zeal and steady adherence to the cause of truth, with candour, meekness, and readiness to understand each other, to explain and to be satisfied with the explanations of their brethren. May the [[Lord]] increase the number of those who endeavour to keep the unity of the [[Spirit]] in the bond of [[peace]]! may increasing [[grace]] and consolation be with all who [[love]] [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] in sincerity!
----
'''Chapter''' 23
''Chapter Outline''
[[Joshua]]'s exhortation before his death.
(1-10)
[[Joshua]] warns the people of [[idolatry]].
(11-16)
'''Verses''' 1-10
[[Joshua]] was old and dying, let them observe what he said now. He put them in mind of the great things [[God]] had done for them in his days. He exhorted them to be very courageous. Keep with care, do with diligence, and regard with sincerity what is written. Also, very cautiously to endeavour that the heathen [[idolatry]] may be forgotten, so that it may never be revived. It is sad that among [[Christians]] the names of the heathen gods are so commonly used, and made so familiar as they are. [[Joshua]] exhorts them to be very constant. There might be many things amiss among them, but they had not forsaken the [[Lord]] their [[God]]; the way to make people better, is to make the best of them.
'''Verses''' 11-16
Would we cleave to the [[Lord]], we must always stand upon our guard, for many a soul is lost through carelessness. Love the [[Lord]] your [[God]], and you will not leave him. Has [[God]] been thus true to you? Be not you false to him. He is faithful that has promised, Heb 10:23. The experience of every [[Christian]] witnesses the same truth. Conflicts may have been severe and long, trials great and many; but at the last he will acknowledge that goodness and [[mercy]] followed him all the days of his life. [[Joshua]] states the fatal consequences of going back; know for a certainty it will be your ruin. The first step would be, friendship with idolaters; the next would be, marrying with them; the end of that would be, serving their gods. Thus the way of [[sin]] is down-hill, and those who have fellowship with sinners, cannot avoid having fellowship with sin. He describes the destruction he warns them of. The goodness of the heavenly Canaan, and the free and sure grant [[God]] has made of it, will add to the misery of those who shall for ever be shut out from it. Nothing will make them see how wretched they are, so much, as to see how happy they might have been. Let us watch and pray against temptation. Let us [[trust]] in [[God]]'s faithfulness, love, and power; let us plead his promises, and cleave to his commandments, then we shall be happy in life, in death, and for ever.
----
'''Chapter''' 24
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]]'s benefits to their fathers.
(1-14)
[[Joshua]] renews the covenant between the people and [[God]].
(15-28)
[[Joshua]]'s death, [[Joseph]]'s bones buried, The state of [[Israel]].
(29-33)
'''Verses''' 1-14
We must never think our work for [[God]] done, till our life is done. If he lengthen out our days beyond what we expected, like those of [[Joshua]], it is because he has some further service for us to do. He who aims at the same mind which was in [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]], will [[glory]] in bearing the last testimony to his [[Saviour]]'s goodness, and in telling to all around, the obligations with which the unmerited goodness of [[God]] has bound him. The assembly came together in a solemn religious manner. [[Joshua]] spake to them in [[God]]'s name, and as from him. His sermon consists of doctrine and application. The doctrinal part is a history of the great things [[God]] had done for his people, and for their fathers before them. The application of this history of [[God]]'s mercies to them, is an exhortation to [[fear]] and serve [[God]], in gratitude for his favour, and that it might be continued.
'''Verses''' 15-28
It is essential that the service of [[God]]'s people be performed with a willing mind. For LOVE is the only genuine principle whence all acceptable service of [[God]] can spring. The Father seeks only such to [[worship]] him, as [[worship]] him in spirit and in truth. The carnal mind of man is enmity against [[God]], therefore, is not capable of such spiritual worship. Hence the necessity of being born again. But numbers rest in mere forms, as tasks imposed upon them. [[Joshua]] puts them to their choice; but not as if it were indifferent whether they served [[God]] or not. Choose you whom ye will serve, now the matter is laid plainly before you. He resolves to do this, whatever others did. Those that are bound for heaven, must be willing to swim against the stream. They must not do as the most do, but as the best do. And no one can behave himself as he ought in any station, who does not deeply consider his religious duties in family relations. The [[Israelites]] agree with [[Joshua]], being influenced by the example of a man who had been so great a blessing to them; We also will serve the [[Lord]]. See how much good great men do, by their influence, if zealous in [[religion]]. [[Joshua]] brings them to express full purpose of [[heart]] to cleave to the [[Lord]]. They must come off from all confidence in their own sufficiency, else their purposes would be in vain. The service of [[God]] being made their deliberate choice, [[Joshua]] binds them to it by a solemn covenant. He set up a monument of it. In this affecting manner [[Joshua]] took his last leave of them; if they perished, their blood would be upon their own heads. Though the house of [[God]], the [[Lord]]'s table, and even the walls and trees before which we have uttered our solemn purposes of serving him, would bear witness against us if we deny him, yet we may [[trust]] in him, that he will put his [[fear]] into our hearts, that we shall not depart from him. [[God]] alone can give grace, yet he blesses our endeavours to engage men to his service.
'''Verses''' 29-33
[[Joseph]] died in [[Egypt]], but gave commandment concerning his bones, that they should not rest in their grave till [[Israel]] had rest in the land of promise. Notice also the [[death]] and burial of [[Joshua]], and of Eleazar the chief priest. The most useful men, having served their generation, according to the will of [[God]], one after another, fall asleep and see corruption. But [[Jesus]], having spent and ended his life on earth more effectually than either [[Joshua]] or [[Joseph]], rose from the dead, and saw no corruption. And the redeemed of the [[Lord]] shall inherit the kingdom he prepared for them from the foundation of the world. They will say in admiration of the [[grace]] of [[Jesus]], Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and hath made us kings and priests unto [[God]] and his Father, to him be [[glory]] and dominion for ever and ever. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]].
{{mhc bottom}}
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Joshua |
subtopics = [[Joshua]]
* [[Promised Land]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Joshua, The Book of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Joshua]] |
}}
Read the book of [[Joshua]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Joshua 1|1]]
[[Joshua 2|2]]
[[Joshua 3|3]]
[[Joshua 4|4]]
[[Joshua 5|5]]
[[Joshua 6|6]]
[[Joshua 7|7]]
[[Joshua 8|8]]
[[Joshua 9|9]]
[[Joshua 10|10]]
[[Joshua 11|11]]
[[Joshua 12|12]]
[[Joshua 13|13]]
[[Joshua 14|14]]
[[Joshua 15|15]]
[[Joshua 16|16]]
[[Joshua 17|17]]
[[Joshua 18|18]]
[[Joshua 19|19]]
[[Joshua 20|20]]
[[Joshua 21|21]]
[[Joshua 22|22]]
[[Joshua 23|23]]
[[Joshua 24|24]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 22|22]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 23|23]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Joshua 24|24]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the book of Joshua'''
Here is the history of [[Israel]]'s passing into the land of Canaan, conquering and dividing it, under the command of [[Joshua]], and their history until his death. The power and truth of [[God]] in fulfilling his promises to [[Israel]], and in executing his justly threatened vengeance on the Canaanites, are wonderfully displayed. This should teach us to regard the tremendous curses denounced in the word of [[God]] against impenitent sinners, and to seek refuge in [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]].
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Lord]] appoints [[Joshua]] to succeed [[Moses]].
(1-4)
[[God]] promises to assist [[Joshua]].
(5-9)
Preparation to pass over Jordan.
(10-15)
The people promise to obey [[Joshua]].
(16-18)
'''Verses''' 1-4
[[Joshua]] had attended upon [[Moses]]. He who was called to honour, had been long used to business. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] took upon him the form of a servant. [[Joshua]] was trained up under command. Those are fittest to rule, who have learned to obey. The removal of useful men should quicken survivors to be the more diligent in doing good. Arise, go over Jordan. At this place and at this time the banks were overflowed. [[Joshua]] had no bridge or boats, and yet he must believe that [[God]], having ordered the people over, would open a way.
'''Verses''' 5-9
[[Joshua]] is to make the law of [[God]] his rule. He is charged to meditate therein day and night, that he might understand it. Whatever affairs of this [[world]] we have to mind, we must not neglect the one thing needful. All his orders to the people, and his judgments, must be according to the law of [[God]]. [[Joshua]] must himself be under command; no man's dignity or dominion sets him above the law of [[God]]. He is to encourage himself with the promise and presence of [[God]]. Let not the sense of thine own infirmities dishearten thee; [[God]] is all-sufficient. I have commanded, called, and commissioned thee to do it, and will be sure to bear thee out in it. When we are in the way of duty, we have reason to be strong and very bold. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], as [[Joshua]] here, was borne up under his sufferings by a regard to the will of [[God]], and the commandment from his Father.
'''Verses''' 10-15
[[Joshua]] says to the people, Ye shall pass over Jordan, and shall possess the land; because [[God]] had said so to him. We honour the truth of [[God]], when we stagger not at the promise of [[God]]. The two tribes and a half were to go over [[Jordan]] with their brethren. When [[God]], by his providence, has given us rest, we ought to consider what service we may do to our brethren.
'''Verses''' 16-18
The people of [[Israel]] engage to obey [[Joshua]]; All that thou commandest us to do we will readily do, without murmuring or disputing, and whithersoever thou sendest us we will go. The best we can ask of [[God]] for our magistrates, is, that they may have the presence of [[God]]; that will make them blessings to us, so that in seeking this for them, we consult our own interest. May we be enabled to enlist under the banner of the Captain of our [[salvation]], to be obedient to his commands, and to fight the good fight of faith, with all that [[trust]] in and [[love]] his name, against all who oppose his authority; for whoever refuses to obey him must be destroyed.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
Rahab receives and hides two [[Israelites]].
(1-7)
Rahab and the spies.
(8-21)
The return of the spies.
(22-24)
'''Verses''' 1-7
Faith in [[God]]'s promises ought not to do away, but to encourage our diligence in the use of proper means. The providence of [[God]] directed the spies to the house of Rahab. [[God]] knew where there was one that would be true to them, though they did not. Rahab appears to have been an innkeeper; and if she had formerly been one of bad life, which is doubtful, she had left her evil courses. That which seems to us most accidental, is often overruled by the [[Divine]] providence to serve great ends. It was by [[faith]] that Rahab received those with [[peace]], against whom her king and country had war. We are sure this was a good work; it is so spoken of by the apostle, Jas 2:25; and she did it by faith, such a [[faith]] as set her above the [[fear]] of man. Those only are true [[believer]]s, who find in their hearts to venture for [[God]]; they take his people for their people, and cast in their lot among them. The spies were led by the special providence of [[God]], and Rahab entertained them out of regard to [[Israel]] and [[Israel]]'s [[God]], and not for lucre or for any evil purpose. Though excuses may be offered for the guilt of Rahab's falsehood, it seems best to admit nothing which tends to explain it away. Her views of the [[Divine]] law must have been very dim: a falsehood like this, told by those who enjoy the light of revelation, whatever the motive, would deserve heavy censure.
'''Verses''' 8-21
Rahab had heard of the [[miracle]]s the [[Lord]] wrought for [[Israel]]. She believed that his promises would certainly be fulfilled, and his threatenings take effect; and that there was no way of escape but by submitting to him, and joining with his people. The conduct of Rahab proved that she had the real principle of [[Divine]] faith. Observe the promises the spies made to her. The goodness of [[God]] is often expressed by his kindness and truth, Ps 117:2; in both these we must be followers of him. Those who will be conscientious in keeping promises, are cautious in making them. The spies make needful conditions. The scarlet cord, like the blood upon the doorpost at the passover, recalls to remembrance the sinner's security under the atoning blood of Christ; and that we are to flee thereto for refuge from the wrath of a justly offended [[God]]. The same cord Rahab used for the saving of these [[Israelites]], was to be used for her own safety. What we serve and honour [[God]] with, we may expect he will bless, and make useful to us.
'''Verses''' 22-24
The report the spies brought was encouraging. All the people of the country faint because of [[Israel]]; they have neither wisdom to yield, nor courage to fight. Those terrors of conscience, and that sense of Divine wrath, which dismay the ungodly, but bring not to repentance, are fearful forebodings of approaching destruction. But [[grace]] yet abounds to the chief of sinners. Let them, without delay, flee to [[Christ]], and all shall be well.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Israelites]] come to Jordan.
(1-6)
The [[Lord]] encourages joshua--[[Joshua]] encourages the people.
(7-13)
The [[Israelites]] pass through [[Jordan]] on dry land.
(14-17)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The [[Israelites]] came to [[Jordan]] in faith, having been told that they should pass it. In the way of duty, let us proceed as far as we can, and depend on the [[Lord]]. [[Joshua]] led them. Particular notice is taken of his early rising, as afterwards upon other occasions, which shows how little he sought his own ease. Those who would bring great things to pass, must rise early. Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty. All in public stations should always attend to the duty of their place. The people were to follow the ark. Thus must we walk after the rule of the word, and the direction of the [[Spirit]], in everything; so shall [[peace]] be upon us as upon the [[Israel]] of [[God]]; but we must follow our ministers only as they follow [[Christ]]. All their way through the wilderness was an untrodden path, but most so this through Jordan. While we are here, we must expect and prepare to pass ways that we have not passed before; but in the path of duty we may proceed with boldness and cheerfulness. Whether we are called to suffer poverty, pain, labour, persecution, reproach, or death, we are following the Author and Finisher of our faith; nor can we set our feet in any dangerous or difficult spot, through our whole journey, but [[faith]] will there see the prints of the [[Redeemer]]'s feet, who trod that very path to [[glory]] above, and bids us follow him, that where he is, we may be also. They were to sanctify themselves. Would we experience the effects of [[God]]'s [[love]] and power, we must put away [[sin]], and be careful not to grieve the [[Holy Spirit]] of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 7-13
The waters of [[Jordan]] shall be cut off. This must be done in such a way as never was done, but in the dividing of the Red sea. That [[miracle]] is here repeated; [[God]] has the same power to finish the [[salvation]] of his people, as to begin it; the WORD of the [[Lord]] was as truly with [[Joshua]] as with [[Moses]]. [[God]]'s appearances for his people ought to encourage [[faith]] and hope. [[God]]'s work is perfect, he will keep his people. Jordan's flood cannot keep out [[Israel]], Canaan's force cannot turn them out again.
'''Verses''' 14-17
[[Jordan]] overflowed all its banks. This magnified the power of [[God]], and his kindness to [[Israel]]. Although those who oppose the [[salvation]] of [[God]]'s people have all advantages, yet [[God]] can and will conquer. This passage over Jordan, as an entrance to Canaan, after their long, weary wanderings in the wilderness, shadowed out the [[believer]]'s passage through [[death]] to heaven, after he has finished his wanderings in this sinful world. [[Jesus]], typified by the ark, hath gone before, and he crossed the river when it most flooded the country around. Let us treasure up experiences of His faithful and tender care, that they may help our [[faith]] and [[hope]] in the last conflict.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
Stones taken out of Jordan.
(1-9)
The people pass through Jordan.
(10-19)
The twelve stones placed in Gilgal.
(20-24)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The works of the [[Lord]] are so worthy of rememberance, and the [[heart]] of man is so prone to forget them, that various methods are needful to refresh our memories, for the [[glory]] of [[God]], our advantage, and that of our children. [[God]] gave orders for preparing this memorial.
'''Verses''' 10-19
The priests with the ark did not stir till ordered to move. Let none be weary of waiting, while they have the tokens of [[God]]'s presence with them, even the ark of the covenant, though it be in the depths of adversity. Notice is taken of the honour put upon [[Joshua]]. Those are feared in the best manner, and to the best purpose, who make it appear that [[God]] is with them, and that they set him before them.
'''Verses''' 20-24
It is the duty of parents to tell their [[children]] betimes of the words and works of [[God]], that they may be trained up in the way they should go. In all the instruction parents give their children, they should teach them to [[fear]] [[God]]. Serious [[godliness]] is the best learning. Are we not called, as much as the [[Israelites]], to praise the loving-kindness of our [[God]]? Shall we not raise a pillar to our [[God]], who has brought us through dangers and distresses in so wonderful a way? For hitherto the [[Lord]] hath helped us, as much as he did his saints of old. How great the stupidity and ingratitude of men, who perceive not His hand, and will not acknowledge his goodness, in their frequent deliverances!
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Canaanites]] are afraid, [[Circumcision]] renewed.
(1-9)
The passover at Gilgal, The manna ceases.
(10-12)
The Captain of the [[Lord]]'s host appears to [[Joshua]].
(13-15)
'''Verses''' 1-9
How dreadful is their case, who see the wrath of [[God]] advancing towards them, without being able to turn it aside, or escape it! Such will be the horrible situation of the wicked; nor can words express the anguish of their feelings, or the greatness of their terror. Oh that they would now take warning, and before it be too late, flee for refuge to lay hold upon that [[hope]] set before them in the [[gospel]]! [[God]] impressed these fears on the Canaanites, and dispirited them. This gave a short rest to the [[Israelites]], and [[circumcision]] rolled away the reproach of [[Egypt]]. They were hereby owned to be the free-born [[children]] of [[God]], having the seal of the covenant. When [[God]] glorifies himself in perfecting the [[salvation]] of his people, he not only silences all enemies, but rolls back their reproaches upon themselves.
'''Verses''' 10-12
A solemn passover was kept, at the time appointed by the law, in the plains of [[Jericho]], in defiance of the [[Canaanites]] round about them. It was a performance of the promise, that when they went up to keep the feasts, their land should be under the special protection of the Divine providence, Ex 34:24. Notice is taken of the ceasing of the manna as soon as they had eaten the old corn of the land. For as it came just when they needed, so it continued as long as they needed it. This teaches us not to expect supplies by [[miracle]]s, when they may be had in a common way. The word and ordinances of [[God]] are spiritual manna, with which [[God]] nourishes his people in this wilderness. Though often forfeited, yet they are continued while we are here; but when we come to the heavenly Canaan, this manna will cease, for we shall no longer need it.
'''Verses''' 13-15
We read not of any appearance of [[God]]'s [[glory]] to [[Joshua]] till now. There appeared to him one as a man to be noticed. This Man was the Son of [[God]], the eternal Word. [[Joshua]] gave him [[Divine]] honours: he received them, which a created angel would not have done, and he is called [[Jehovah]], chap. 6:2. To [[Abraham]] he appeared as a traveller; to [[Joshua]] as a man of war. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will be to his people what their [[faith]] needs. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had his sword drawn, which encouraged [[Joshua]] to carry on the war with vigour. [[Christ]]'s sword drawn in his hand, denotes how ready he is for the defence and [[salvation]] of his people. His sword turns every way. [[Joshua]] will know whether he is a friend or a foe. The cause between the [[Israelites]] and Canaanites, between [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and Beelzebub, will not admit of any man's refusing to take one part or the other, as he may do in worldly contests. [[Joshua]]'s inquiry shows an earnest desire to know the will of [[Christ]], and a cheerful readiness and resolution to do it. All true [[Christians]] must fight under [[Christ]]'s banner, and they will conquer by his presence and assistance.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The siege of [[Jericho]].
(1-5)
The city is compassed.
(6-16)
[[Jericho]] is taken, Rahab and her family are saved.
(17-27)
'''Verses''' 1-5
[[Jericho]] resolves [[Israel]] shall not be its master. It shut itself up, being strongly fortified both by art and nature. Thus were they foolish, and their hearts hardened to their destruction; the miserable case of all that strengthen themselves against the Almighty. [[God]] resolves [[Israel]] shall be its master, and that quickly. No warlike preparations were to be made. By the uncommon method of besieging the city, the [[Lord]] honoured the ark, as the symbol of his presence, and showed that all the victories were from him. The [[faith]] and patience of the people were proved and increased.
'''Verses''' 6-16
Wherever the ark went, the people attended it. [[God]]'s ministers, by the trumpet of the everlasting [[gospel]], which proclaims liberty and victory, must encourage the followers of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in their spiritual warfare. As promised deliverances must be expected in [[God]]'s way, so they must be expected in his time. At last the people were to shout: they did so, and the walls fell. This was a shout of faith; they believed the walls of [[Jericho]] would fall. It was a shout of [[prayer]]; they cry to Heaven for help, and help came.
'''Verses''' 17-27
[[Jericho]] was to be a solemn and awful sacrifice to the justice of [[God]], upon those who had filled up the measure of their sins. So He appoints, from whom, as creatures, they received their lives, and to whom, as sinners, they had forfeited them. Rahab perished not with them that believed not, Heb 11:31. All her kindred were saved with her; thus [[faith]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] brings [[salvation]] to the house, Ac 16:31. She, and they with her, were plucked as brands from the burning. With Rahab, or with the men of [[Jericho]]; our portion must be assigned, as we posses or disregard the sign of [[salvation]]; even [[faith]] in [[Christ]], which worketh by love. Let us remember what depends upon our choice, and let us choose accordingly. [[God]] shows the weight of a [[Divine]] curse; where it rests there is no getting from under it; for it brings ruin without remedy.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Israelites]] smitten at Ai.
(1-5)
[[Joshua]]'s humiliation and [[prayer]].
(6-9)
[[God]] instructs [[Joshua]] what to do.
(10-5)
Achan is detected, He is destroyed.
(16-26)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Achan took some of the spoil of [[Jericho]]. The [[love]] of the [[world]] is that root of bitterness, which of all others is most hardly rooted up. We should take heed of [[sin]] ourselves, lest by it many be defiled or disquieted, Heb 12:15; and take heed of having fellowship with sinners, lest we share their guilt. It concerns us to watch over one another to prevent [[sin]], because others' sins may be to our damage. The easy conquest of [[Jericho]] excited contempt of the enemy, and a disposition to expect the [[Lord]] to do all for them without their using proper means. Thus men abuse the doctrines of [[Divine]] grace, and the promises of [[God]], into excuses for their own sloth and self-indulgence. We are to work out our own [[salvation]], though it is [[God]] that works in us. It was a dear victory to the Canaanites, whereby [[Israel]] was awakened and reformed, and reconciled to their [[God]], and the people of [[Canaan]] hardened to their own ruin.
'''Verses''' 6-9
[[Joshua]]'s concern for the honour of [[God]], more than even for the fate of [[Israel]], was the language of the [[Spirit]] of adoption. He pleaded with [[God]]. He laments their defeat, as he feared it would reflect on [[God]]'s wisdom and power, his goodness and faithfulness. We cannot at any time urge a better plea than this, [[Lord]], what wilt thou do for thy great name? Let [[God]] be glorified in all, and then welcome his whole will.
'''Verses''' 10-15
[[God]] awakens [[Joshua]] to inquiry, by telling him that when this accursed thing was put away, all would be well. Times of danger and trouble should be times of reformation. We should look at home, into our own hearts, into our own houses, and make diligent search to find out if there be not some accursed thing there, which [[God]] sees and abhors; some secret lust, some unlawful gain, some undue withholding from [[God]] or from others. We cannot prosper, until the accursed thing be destroyed out of our hearts, and put out of our habitations and our families, and forsaken in our lives. When the [[sin]] of sinners finds them out, [[God]] is to be acknowledged. With a certain and unerring judgment, the righteous [[God]] does and will distinguish between the innocent and the guilty; so that though the righteous are of the same tribe, and family, and household with the wicked, yet they never shall be treated as the wicked.
'''Verses''' 16-26
See the folly of those that promise themselves secrecy in sin. The righteous [[God]] has many ways of bringing to light the hidden works of darkness. See also, how much it is our concern, when [[God]] is contending with us, to find out the cause that troubles us. We must pray with holy Job, [[Lord]], show me wherefore thou contendest with me. Achan's [[sin]] began in the eye. He saw these fine things, as [[Eve]] saw the forbidden fruit. See what comes of suffering the [[heart]] to walk after the eyes, and what need we have to make this covenant with our eyes, that if they wander they shall be sure to weep for it. It proceeded out of the heart. They that would be kept from sinful actions, must mortify and check in themselves sinful desires, particularly the desire of worldly wealth. Had Achan looked upon these things with an eye of faith, he would have seen they were accursed things, and would have dreaded them; but looking on them with an eye of sense only, he saw them as goodly things, and coveted them. When he had committed the [[sin]], he tried to hide it. As soon as he had got this plunder, it became his burden, and he dared not to use his ill-gotten treasure. So differently do objects of [[temptation]] appear at a distance, to what they do when they have been gotten. See the deceitfulness of sin; that which is pleasing in the commission, is bitter in the reflection. See how they will be deceived that rob [[God]]. Sin is a very troublesome thing, not only to a sinner himself, but to all about him. The righteous [[God]] will certainly recompense tribulation to them that trouble his people. Achan perished not alone in his sin. They lose their own, who grasp at more than their own. His sons and daughters were put to [[death]] with him. It is probable that they helped to hide the things; they must have known of them. What fatal consequences follow, even in this world, to the sinner himself, and to all belonging him! One sinner destroys much good. What, then, will be the wrath to come? Let us flee from it to [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] as the sinner's Friend. There are circumstances in the confession of Achan, marking the progress of [[sin]], from its first entrance into the [[heart]] to its being done, which may serve as the history of almost every offence against the law of [[God]], and the sacrifice of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]] encourages [[Joshua]].
(1, 2)
The taking of Ai.
(3-22)
The destruction of Ai and its king.
(23-29)
The law read on Ebal and Gerizim.
(30-35)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
When we have faithfully put away [[sin]], that accursed thing which separates between us and [[God]], then, and not till then, we may look to hear from [[God]] to our comfort; and [[God]]'s directing us how to go on in our [[Christian]] work and warfare, is a good evidence of his being reconciled to us. [[God]] encouraged [[Joshua]] to proceed. At Ai the spoil was not to be destroyed as at [[Jericho]], therefore there was no danger of the people's committing such a trespass. Achan, who caught at forbidden spoil, lost that, and life, and all; but the rest of the people, who kept themselves from the accursed thing, were quickly rewarded for their obedience. The way to have the comfort of what [[God]] allows us, is, to keep from what he forbids us. No man shall lose by self-denial.
'''Verses''' 3-22
Observe [[Joshua]]'s conduct and prudence. Those that would maintain their spiritual conflicts must not [[love]] their ease. Probably he went into the valley alone, to pray to [[God]] for a blessing, and he did not seek in vain. He never drew back till the work was done. Those that have stretched out their hands against their spiritual enemies, must never draw them back.
'''Verses''' 23-29
[[God]], the righteous Judge, had sentenced the [[Canaanites]] for their wickedness; the [[Israelites]] only executed his doom. None of their conduct can be drawn into an example for others. Especial reason no doubt there was for this severity to the king of Ai; it is likely he had been notoriously wicked and vile, and a blasphemer of the [[God]] of [[Israel]].
'''Verses''' 30-35
As soon as [[Joshua]] got to the mountains Ebal and Gerizim, without delay, and without caring for the unsettled state of [[Israel]], or their enemies, he confirmed the covenant of the [[Lord]] with his people, as appointed, De 11; 27. We must not think to defer covenanting with [[God]] till we are settled in the world; nor must any business put us from minding and pursuing the one thing needful. The way to prosper is to begin with [[God]], Mt 6:33. They built an altar, and offered sacrifice to [[God]], in token of their dedicating themselves to [[God]], as living sacrifices to his honour, in and by a Mediator. By [[Christ]]'s sacrifice of himself for us, we have [[peace]] with [[God]]. It is a great [[mercy]] to any people to have the law of [[God]] in writing, and it is fit that the written law should be in a known tongue, that it may be seen and read of all men.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The kings combine against [[Israel]].
(1, 2)
The Gibeonites apply for [[peace]].
(3-13)
They obtain [[peace]], but are soon detected.
(14-21)
The Gibeonites are to be bondmen.
(22-27)
'''Verses''' 1, 2
Hitherto the [[Canaanites]] had defended themselves, but here they consult to attack [[Israel]]. Their minds were blinded, and their hearts hardened to their destruction. Though often at enmity with each other, yet they united against [[Israel]]. Oh that [[Israel]] would learn of Canaanites, to sacrifice private interests to the public welfare, and to lay aside all quarrels among themselves, that they may unite against the enemies of [[God]]'s kingdom! (Jos 9:3-13)
'''Verses''' 3-13
Other people heard these tidings, and were driven thereby to make war upon [[Israel]]; but the Gibeonites were led to make [[peace]] with them. Thus the discovery of the [[glory]] and the [[grace]] of [[God]] in the [[gospel]], is to some a savour of life unto life, but to others a savour of [[death]] unto death, 2Co 2:16. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. The falsehood of the Gibeonites cannot be justified. We must not do evil that good may themselves to the [[God]] of [[Israel]], we have reason to think [[Joshua]] would have been directed by the oracle of [[God]] to spare their lives. But when they had once said, "We are come from a far country," they were led to say it made of skins, and their clothes: one lie brings on another, and that a third, and so on. The way of that [[sin]] is especially down-hill. Yet their [[faith]] and prudence are to be commended. In submitting to [[Israel]] they submitted to the [[God]] of [[Israel]], which implied forsaking their idolatries. And how can we do better than cast ourselves upon the [[mercy]] of a [[God]] of all goodness? The way to avoid judgment is to meet it by repentance. Let us do like these Gibeonites, seek [[peace]] with [[God]] in the rags of abasement, and godly sorrow; so our [[sin]] shall not be our ruin. Let us be servants to [[Jesus]], our blessed [[Joshua]], and we shall live.
'''Verses''' 14-21
The [[Israelites]], having examined the provisions of the Gibeonites, hastily concluded that they confirmed their account. We make more haste than good speed, when we stay not to take [[God]] with us, and do not consult him by the word and [[prayer]]. The fraud was soon found out. A lying tongue is but for a moment. Had the oath been in itself unlawful, it would not have been binding; for no obligation can render it our duty to commit a sin. But it was not unlawful to spare the Canaanites who submitted, and left [[idolatry]], desiring only that their lives might be spared. A citizen of [[Zion]] swears to his own hurt, and changes not, Ps 15:4. [[Joshua]] and the princes, when they found that they had been deceived, did not apply to Eleazar the high priest to be freed from their engagement, much less did they pretend that no [[faith]] is to be kept with those to whom they had sworn. Let this convince us how we ought to keep our promises, and make good our bargains; and what conscience we ought to make of our words.
'''Verses''' 22-27
The Gibeonites do not justify their lie, but plead that they did it to save their lives. And the [[fear]] was not merely of the power of man; one might flee from that to the [[Divine]] protection; but of the power of [[God]] himself, which they saw engaged against them. [[Joshua]] sentences them to perpetual bondage. They must be servants, but any work becomes honourable, when it is done for the house of the [[Lord]], and the offices thereof. Let us, in like manner, submit to our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], saying, We are in thy hand, do unto us as seemeth good and right unto thee, only save our souls; and we shall not repent it. If He appoints us to bear his cross, and serve him, that shall be neither shame nor grief to us, while the meanest office in [[God]]'s service will entitle us to a dwelling in the house of the [[Lord]] all the days of our life. And in coming to the [[Saviour]], we do not proceed upon a peradventure. We are invited to draw nigh, and are assured that him that cometh to Him, he will in nowise cast out. Even those things which sound harsh, and are humbling, and form sharp trials of our sincerity, will prove of real advantage.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Five kings war against Gibeon.
(1-6)
[[Joshua]] succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.
(7-14)
The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.
(15-27)
Seven other kings defeated and slain.
(28-43)
'''Verses''' 1-6
When sinners leave the service of [[Satan]] and the friendship of the world, that they make [[peace]] with [[God]] and join [[Israel]], they must not marvel if the [[world]] hate them, if their former friends become foes. By such methods [[Satan]] discourages many who are convinced of their danger, and almost persuaded to be [[Christians]], but [[fear]] the cross. These things should quicken us to apply to [[God]] for protection, help, and deliverance.
'''Verses''' 7-14
The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to [[trust]] the [[Lord]], are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the [[gospel]]. [[Joshua]] would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true [[Joshua]] fail those who [[trust]] in Him! We may be wanting in our trust, but our [[trust]] never can want success. Yet [[God]]'s promises are not to slacken and do away, but to quicken and encourage our endeavours. Notice the great [[faith]] of [[Joshua]], and the power of [[God]] answering it by the miraculous staying of the sun, that the day of [[Israel]]'s victories might be made longer. [[Joshua]] acted on this occasion by impulse on his mind from the [[Spirit]] of [[God]]. It was not necessary that [[Joshua]] should speak, or the [[miracle]] be recorded, according to the modern terms of astronomy. The sun appeared to the [[Israelites]] over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley of Ajalon, and there they appeared to be stopped on their course for one whole day. Is any thing too hard for the [[Lord]]? forms a sufficient answer to ten thousand difficulties, which objectors have in every age started against the truth of [[God]] as revealed in his written word. Proclamation was hereby made to the neighbouring nations, Behold the works of the [[Lord]], and say, What nation is there so great as [[Israel]], who has [[God]] so nigh unto them?
'''Verses''' 15-27
None moved his tongue against any of the [[children]] of [[Israel]]. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the [[Israel]] of [[God]]. Refuges of lies will but secure for [[God]]'s judgment. [[God]] punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleaders of the [[Canaanites]] in [[sin]], he would possess his people with the greater dread and detestation of the sins of the nations that [[God]] cast out from before them. Here is a type and figure of [[Christ]]'s victories over the powers of darkness, and of [[believer]]s' victories through him. In our spiritual conflicts we must not be satisfied with obtaining some important victory. We must pursue our scattered enemies, searching out the remains of [[sin]] as they rise up in our hearts, and thus pursue the conquest. In so doing, the [[Lord]] will afford light until the warfare be accomplished.
'''Verses''' 28-43
[[Joshua]] made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. [[God]] here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the [[Canaanites]] had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was typified the destruction of all the enemies of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], who, having slighted the riches of his grace, must for ever feel the weight of his wrath. The [[Lord]] fought for [[Israel]]. They could not have gotten the victory, if [[God]] had not undertaken the battle. We conquer when [[God]] fights for us; if he be for us, who can be against us?
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
Divers kings overcome at the waters of Merom.
(1-9)
Hazor is taken and burned.
(10-14)
All that country subdued, The Anakims cut off.
(15-23)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The wonders [[God]] wrought for the [[Israelites]] were to encourage them to act vigorously themselves. Thus the war against [[Satan]]'s kingdom, carried on by preaching the [[gospel]], was at first forwarded by [[miracle]]s; but being fully proved to be of [[God]], we are now left to the Divine [[grace]] in the usual course, in the use of the sword of the [[Spirit]]. [[God]] encouraged [[Joshua]]. Fresh dangers and difficulties make it necessary to seek fresh supports from the word of [[God]], which we have nigh unto us for use in every time of need. [[God]] proportions our trials to our strength, and our strength to our trials. [[Joshua]]'s obedience in destroying the horses and chariots, shows his self-denial in compliance with [[God]]'s command. The possession of things on which the carnal heart is prone to depend, is hurtful to the life of faith, and the walk with [[God]]; therefore it is better to be without worldly advantages, than to have the soul endangered by them. (Jos 11:10-14)
'''Verses''' 10-14
The [[Canaanites]] filled up the measure of their iniquity, and were, as a judgment, left to the pride, obstinacy, and enmity of their hearts, and to the power of [[Satan]]; all restraints being withdrawn, while the dispensations of Providence tended to drive them to despair. They brought on themselves the vengeance they justly merited, of which the [[Israelites]] were to be executioners, by the command the [[Lord]] gave to [[Moses]].
'''Verses''' 15-23
Never let the sons of Anak be a terror to the [[Israel]] of [[God]], for their day to fall will come. The land rested from war. It ended not in a [[peace]] with the Canaanites, that was forbidden, but in a [[peace]] from them. There is a rest, a rest from war, remaining for the people of [[God]], into which they shall enter, when their warfare is accomplished. That which was now done, is compared with what had been said to [[Moses]]. [[God]]'s word and his works, if viewed together, will be found mutually to set each other forth. If we make conscience of our duty, we need not question the performance of the promise. But the [[believer]] must never put off his armour, or expect lasting [[peace]], till he closes his eyes in death; nay, as his strength and usefulness increase, he may expect more heavy trials; yet the [[Lord]] will not permit any enemies to assault the [[believer]] till he has prepared him for the battle. [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] ever lives to plead for his people, and their [[faith]] shall not fail, however [[Satan]] may be permitted to assault them. And however tedious, sharp, and difficult the [[believer]]'s warfare, his patience in tribulation may be encouraged by the joyfulness of hope; for he will, ere long, rest from [[sin]] and from sorrow in the [[Canaan]] above.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
The two kings conquered by [[Moses]].
(1-6)
The kings whom [[Joshua]] smote.
(7-24)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Fresh mercies must not drown the remembrance of former mercies, nor must the [[glory]] of the present instruments of good to the [[church]] diminish the just honour of those who went before them, since [[God]] is the same who wrought by both. [[Moses]] gave to one part of [[Israel]] a very rich and fruitful country, but it was on the outside of Jordan. [[Joshua]] gave to all [[Israel]] the holy land, within Jordan. So the law has given to some few of [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] worldly blessings, earnests of good things to come; but our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], the true [[Joshua]], provided for all the [[children]] of promise spiritual blessings, and the heavenly Canaan.
'''Verses''' 7-24
We have here the limits of the country [[Joshua]] conquered. A list is given of the kings subdued by [[Israel]]: thirty-one in all. This shows how fruitful [[Canaan]] then was, in which so many chose to throng together. This was the land [[God]] appointed for [[Israel]]; yet in our day it is one of the most barren and unprofitable countries in the world. Such is the effect of the curse it lies under, since its possessors rejected Christ and his [[gospel]], as was foretold by [[Moses]], De 29:23. The vengeance of a righteous [[God]], inflicted on all these kings and their subjects, for their wickedness, should make us dread and hate sin. The fruitful land bestowed on his chosen people, should fill our hearts with [[hope]] and confidence in his [[mercy]], and with humble gratitude.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
Bounds of the land not yet conquered.
(1-6)
Inheritance of Reuben.
(7-33)
'''Verses''' 1-6
At this Chapter begins the account of the dividing of the land of [[Canaan]] among the tribes of [[Israel]] by lot; a narrative showing the performance of the promise made to the fathers, that this land should be given to the seed of [[Jacob]]. We are not to pass over these Chapters of hard names as useless. Where [[God]] has a mouth to speak, and a hand to write, we should find an ear to hear, and an eye to read; and may [[God]] give us a [[heart]] to profit! [[Joshua]] is supposed to have been about one hundred years old at this time. It is good for those who are old and stricken in years to be put in remembrance of their being so. [[God]] considers the frame of his people, and would not have them burdened with work above their strength. And all people, especially old people, should set to do that quickly which must be done before they die, lest [[death]] prevent them, Ec 9:10. [[God]] promise that he would make the [[Israelites]] masters of all the countries yet unsubdued, through [[Joshua]] was old, and not able to do it; old, and not likely to live to see it done. Whatever becomes of us, and however we may be laid aside as despised, broken vessels, [[God]] will do his own work in his own time. We must work out our [[salvation]], then [[God]] will work in us, and work with us; we must resist our spiritual enemies, then [[God]] will tread them under our feet; we must go forth to our [[Christian]] work and warfare, then [[God]] will go forth before us.
'''Verses''' 7-33
The land must be divided among the tribes. It is the will of [[God]] that every man should know his own, and not take that which is another's. The [[world]] must be governed, not by force, but right. Wherever our habitation is placed, and in whatever honest way our portion is assigned, we should consider them as allotted of [[God]]; we should be thankful for, and use them as such, while every prudent method should be used to prevent disputes about property, both at present and in future. [[Joshua]] must be herein a type of [[Christ]], who has not only conquered the gates of hell for us, but has opened to us the gates of heaven, and having purchased the eternal inheritance for all [[believer]]s, will put them in possession of it. Here is a general description of the country given to the two tribes and a half, by [[Moses]]. [[Israel]] must know their own, and keep to it; and may not, under pretence of their being [[God]]'s peculiar people, encroach on their neighbours. Twice in this Chapter it is noticed, that to the tribe of Levi [[Moses]] gave no inheritance: see Nu 18:20. Their maintenance must be brought out of all the tribes. The ministers of the [[Lord]] should show themselves indifferent about worldly interests, and the people should take care they want nothing suitable. And happy are those who have the [[Lord]] [[God]] of [[Israel]] for their inheritance, though little of this [[world]] falls to their lot. His providences will supply their wants, his consolations will support their souls, till they gain heavenly [[joy]] and everlasting pleasures.
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
The nine tribes and a half to have their inheritance.
(1-5)
Caleb obtains Hebron.
(6-15)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The [[Israelites]] must occupy the new conquests. [[Canaan]] would have been subdued in vain, if it had not been inhabited. Yet every man might not go and settle where he pleased. [[God]] shall choose our inheritance for us. Let us survey our heritage of present [[mercy]], our prospect for the land of promise, eternal in the heavens. Is [[God]] any respecter of persons? Is it not better that our place, as to earthly good or sorrow, should be determined by the infinite wisdom of our heavenly Father, than by our own ignorance? Should not those for whom the great mystery of [[godliness]] was exhibited, those whose redemption was purchased by [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], thankfully refer their earthly concerns to his appointment?
'''Verses''' 6-15
Caleb's request is, "Give me this mountain," or Hebron, because it was formerly in [[God]]'s promise to him, and he would let [[Israel]] knows how much he valued the promise. Those who live by [[faith]] value that which is given by [[God]]'s promise, far above what is given by his providence only. It was now in the Anakims' possession, and Caleb would let [[Israel]] know how little he feared the enemy, and that he would encourage them to push on their conquests. Caleb answered to his name, which signifies "all heart." Hebron was settled on Caleb and his heirs, because he wholly followed the [[Lord]] [[God]] of [[Israel]]. Happy are we if we follow him. Singular piety shall be crowned with singular favour.
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
The borders of the lot of [[Judah]].
(1-12)
Caleb's portion, His daughter's blessing.
(13-19)
The cities of [[Judah]].
(20-63)
'''Verses''' 1-12
[[Joshua]] allotted to [[Judah]], Ephraim, and the half of Manasseh, their inheritances before they left Gilgal. Afterwards removing to Shiloh, another survey was made, and the other tribes had their portion assigned. In due time all [[God]]'s people are settled.
'''Verses''' 13-19
Achsah obtained some land by Caleb's free grant. He gave her a south land. Land indeed, but a south land, dry and apt to be parched. She obtained more, on her request, and he gave the upper and the nether springs. Those who understand it but of one field, watered both with the rain of heaven, and the springs that issued out of the earth, countenance the allusion commonly made to this, when we pray for spiritual and heavenly blessings which relate to our souls, as blessings of the upper springs, and those which relate to the body and the life that now is, as blessings of the nether springs. All the blessings, both of the upper and the nether springs, belong to the [[children]] of [[God]]. As related to [[Christ]], they have them freely given of the Father, for the lot of their inheritance.
'''Verses''' 20-63
Here is a list of the cities of [[Judah]]. But we do not here find [[Bethlehem]], afterwards the city of [[David]], and ennobled by the birth of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] in it. That city, which, at the best, was but little among the thousands of [[Judah]], Mic 5:2, except that it was thus honoured, was now so little as not to be accounted one of the cities.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
The sons of [[Joseph]].
--This and the following Chapter should not be separated. They give the lots of Ephraim and Manasseh, the [[children]] of [[Joseph]], who, next to [[Judah]], were to have the post of honour, and therefore had the first and best portion in the northern part of Canaan, as [[Judah]] in the southern part. [[God]]'s people now, as of old, suffer his enemies to remain. Blessed [[Lord]], when will all our enemies be subdued? 1Co 15:26. Do thou drive them all out; thou alone canst do it. These settled boundaries may remind us, that our situation and provision in this life, as well as our future inheritance, are appointed by the only wise and righteous [[God]], and we should be content with our portion, since he knows what is best for us, and all we have is more than we deserve.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
The lot of Manasseh.
(1-6)
The boundaries of Manasseh, The [[Canaanites]] not driven out.
(7-13)
[[Joseph]] desires a larger portion.
(14-18)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Manasseh was but half of the tribe of [[Joseph]], yet it was divided into two parts. The daughters of Zelophehad now reaped the benefit of their pious zeal and prudent forecast. Those who take care in the wilderness of this world, to make sure to themselves a place in the inheritance of the saints in light, will have the comfort of it in the other world; while those who neglect it now, will lose it for ever. [[Lord]], teach us here to believe and obey, and give us an inheritance among thy saints, in [[glory]] everlasting.
'''Verses''' 7-13
There was great communication between Manasseh and Ephraim. Though each tribe had its inheritance, yet they should intermix one with another, to do good offices one to another, as became those, who, though of different tribes, were all one [[Israel]], and were bound to [[love]] as brethren. But they suffered the [[Canaanites]] to live among them, against the command of [[God]], to serve their own ends.
'''Verses''' 14-18
[[Joshua]], as a public person, had no more regard to his own tribe than to any other, but would govern without favour or affection; wherein he has left a good example to all in public trusts. [[Joshua]] tells them, that what was fallen to their share would be a sufficient lot for them, if they would but work and fight. Men excuse themselves from labour by any pretence; and nothing serves the purpose better than having rich and powerful relations, able to provide for them; and they are apt to desire a partial and unfaithful disposal of what is intrusted to those they think able to give such help. But there is more real kindness in pointing out the advantages within reach, and in encouraging men to make the best of them, than in granting indulgences to sloth and extravagance. True [[religion]] gives no countenance to these evils. The rule is, They shall not eat who will not work; and many of our "cannots" are only the language of idleness, which magnifies every difficulty and danger. This is especially the case in our spiritual work and warfare. Without [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we can do nothing, but we are apt to sit still and attempt nothing. if we belong to Him, he will stir us up to our best endeavours, and to cry to him for help. Then our coast will be enlarged, 1Ch 4:9, 10, and complainings silenced, or rather, turned into joyful thanksgivings.
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
The tabernacle set up at Shiloh.
(1)
The remainder of the land described and divided.
(2-10)
The boundaries of Benjamin.
(11-28)
'''Verse''' 1
Shiloh was in the lot of Ephraim, the tribe to which [[Joshua]] belonged, and it was proper that the tabernacle should be near the residence of the chief governor. The name of this city is the same as that by which [[Jacob]] prophesied of the [[Messiah]], Ge 49:10. It is supposed by some that the city was thus called, when it was chosen for the resting-place of the ark, which typified our great Peace-maker, and the way by him to a reconciled [[God]].
'''Verses''' 2-10
After a year or more, [[Joshua]] blamed their slackness, and told them how to proceed. [[God]], by his grace, has given us a title to a good land, the heavenly Canaan, but we are slack to take possession of it; we enter not into that rest, as we might by faith, and hope, and holy joy. How long shall it be thus with us? How long shall we thus stand in our own light, and forsake our own mercies for lying vanities? [[Joshua]] stirs the [[Israelites]] up to take possession of their lots. He is ready to do his part, if they will do theirs.
'''Verses''' 11-28
The boundaries of each portion were distinctly drawn, and the inheritance of each tribe settled. All contests and selfish claims were prevented by the wise appointment of [[God]], who allotted the hill and the valley, the corn and pasture, the brooks and rivers, the towns and cities. Is the lot of any servant of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] cast in affliction and sorrow? It is the [[Lord]]; let him do what seemeth him good. Are we in prosperity and [[peace]]? It is from above. Be humbled when you compare the gift with your own unworthiness. Forget not Him that gave the good, and always be ready to resign it at his command.
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The lot of Simeon.
(1-9)
The lot of Zebulun.
(10-16)
The lot of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan.
(17-51)
'''Verses''' 1-9
The men of [[Judah]] did not oppose taking away the cities within their border, when convinced that they had more than was right. If a true [[believer]] has obtained an unintended and improper advantage in any thing, he will give it up without murmuring. Love seeketh not her own, and doth not behave unseemly; it will induce those in whom it richly dwells, to part with their own to supply what is lacking to their brethren.
'''Verses''' 10-16
In the division to each tribe of [[Israel]], the prophetic blessings of [[Jacob]] were fulfilled. They chose for themselves, or it was divided to them by lot, in the manner and places that he foresaw. So sure a rule to go by is the word of prophecy: we see by it what to believe, and it proves beyond all dispute the things that are of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 17-51
[[Joshua]] waited till all the tribes were settled, before he asked any provision for himself. He was content to be unfixed, till he saw them all placed, and herein is an example to all in public places, to prefer the common welfare before private advantage. Those who labour most to do good to others, seek an inheritance in the [[Canaan]] above: but it will be soon enough to enter thereon, when they have done all the service to their brethren of which they are capable. Nor can any thing more effectually assure them of their title to it, than endeavouring to bring others to desire, to seek, and to obtain it. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] came and dwelt on earth, not in pomp but poverty, providing rest for man, yet himself not having where to lay his head; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] pleased not himself. Nor would he enter upon his inheritance, till by his obedience to [[death]] he secured the eternal inheritance for all his people; nor will he account his own [[glory]] completed, till every ransomed sinner is put in possession of his heavenly rest.
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
The law concerning the cities of refuge.
(1-6)
The cities appointed as refuges.
(7-9)
'''Verses''' 1-6
When the [[Israelites]] were settled in their promised inheritance, they were reminded to set apart the cities of refuge, whose use and typical meaning have been explained, Nu 35; De 19. [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] have, and shall have in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and heaven, not only rest to repose in, but refuge to secure themselves in. These cities were designed to typify the relief which the [[gospel]] provides for penitent sinners, and their protection from the curse of the law and the wrath of [[God]], in our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], to whom [[believer]]s flee for refuge, Heb 6:18.
'''Verses''' 7-9
These cities, as those also on the other side Jordan, stood so that a man might in half a day reach one of them from any part of the country. [[God]] is ever a Refuge at hand. They were all [[Levites]]' cities. It was kindness to the poor fugitive, that when he might not go up to the house of the [[Lord]], yet he had the servants of [[God]] with him, to instruct him, and pray for him, and to help to make up the want of public ordinances. Some observe a significance in the names of these cities with application to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] our Refuge. Kedesh signifies holy, and our Refuge is the holy [[Jesus]]. Shechem, a shoulder, and the government is upon his shoulder. Hebron, fellowship, and [[believer]]s are called into the fellowship of [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]] our [[Lord]]. Bezer, a fortification, for he is a strong hold to all those that [[trust]] in him. Ramoth, high or exalted, for Him hath [[God]] exalted with his own right hand. Golan, joy or exultation, for in Him all the saints are justified, and shall glory.
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
Cities for the [[Levites]].
(1-8)
The cities allotted to the [[Levites]].
(9-42)
[[God]] gave the land and rest to the [[Israelites]], according to his promise.
(43-45)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The [[Levites]] waited till the other tribes were provided for, before they preferred their claim to [[Joshua]]. They build their claim upon a very good foundation; not their own merits or services, but the Divine precept. The maintenance of ministers is not a thing left merely to the will of the people, that they may let them starve if they please; they which preach the [[gospel]] should live by the [[gospel]], and should live comfortably. (Jos 21:9-42)
'''Verses''' 9-42
By mixing the [[Levites]] with the other tribes, they were made to see that the eyes of all [[Israel]] were upon them, and therefore it was their concern to walk so that their ministry might not be blamed. Every tribe had its share of [[Levites]]' cities. Thus did [[God]] graciously provide for keeping up [[religion]] among them, and that they might have the word in all parts of the land. Yet, blessed be [[God]], we have the [[gospel]] more diffused amongst us. (Jos 21:43-45)
'''Verses''' 43-45
[[God]] promised to give to the seed of [[Abraham]] the land of [[Canaan]] for a possession, and now they possessed it, and dwelt therein. And the promise of the heavenly [[Canaan]] is as sure to all [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]]; for it is the promise of Him that cannot lie. There stood not a man before them. The after-prevalence of the [[Canaanites]] was the effect of [[Israel]]'s slothfulness, and the punishment of their sinful inclination to the idolatries and abominations of the heathen whom they harboured and indulged. There failed not aught of any good thing, which the [[Lord]] had spoken to the house of [[Israel]]. In due season all his promises will be accomplished; then will his people acknowledge that the [[Lord]] has exceeded their largest expectations, and made them more than conquerors, and brought them to their desired rest.
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
Reuben and Gad, with the half tribe of Manasseh, dismissed to their homes.
(1-9)
They build an altar of testimony, The congregation offended thereat.
(10-20)
The answer of the Reubenites.
(21-29)
The [[children]] of [[Israel]] satisfied.
(30-34)
'''Verses''' 1-9
[[Joshua]] dismisses the tribes with good counsel. Those who have the commandment have it in vain, unless they do the commandment; and it will not be done aright unless we take diligent heed. In particular to [[love]] the [[Lord]] our [[God]], as the best of beings, and the best of friends; and as far as that principle rules in the heart, there will be constant care and endeavour to walk in his ways, even those that are narrow and up-hill. In every instance to keep his commandments. At all times, and in all conditions, with purpose of [[heart]] to cleave unto the [[Lord]], and to serve him and his kingdom among men, with all our heart, and with all our soul. This good counsel is given to all; may [[God]] give us grace to take it!
'''Verses''' 10-20
Here is the care of the separated tribes to keep their hold of Canaan's [[religion]]. At first sight it seemed a design to set up an altar against the altar at Shiloh. [[God]] is jealous for his own institutions; we should be so too, and afraid of every thing that looks like, or leads to [[idolatry]]. Corruptions in [[religion]] are best dealt with at first. But their prudence in following up this zealous resolution is no less commendable. Many an unhappy strife would be prevented, or soon made up, by inquiries into the matter of the offence. The remembrance of great sins committed formerly, should engage us to stand on our guard against the beginnings of sin; for the way of [[sin]] is down-hill. We are all concerned to reprove our neighbour when he does amiss, lest we suffer [[sin]] upon him, Le 19:17. The offer made that they should be welcome to come to the land where the [[Lord]]'s tabernacle was, and settle there, was in the spirit of true [[Israelites]].
'''Verses''' 21-29
The tribes took the reproofs of their brethren in good part. With solemnity and meekness they proceeded to give all the satisfaction in their power. Reverence of [[God]] is expressed in the form of their appeal. This brief confession of [[faith]] would remove their brethren's suspicion that they intended to [[worship]] other gods. Let us always speak of [[God]] with seriousness, and mention his name with a solemn pause. Those who make appeals to Heaven with a careless "[[God]] knows," take his name in vain: it is very unlike this. They express great confidence of their own uprightness in the matter of their appeal. "[[God]] knows it," for he is perfectly acquainted with the thoughts and intents of the heart. In every thing we do in [[religion]], it highly concerns us to approve ourselves to [[God]], remembering that he knows the heart. And if our sincerity be known to [[God]], we should study likewise to let others know it by its fruits, especially those who, though they mistake us, show zeal for the [[glory]] of [[God]]. They disdained the design of which they were suspected to be guilty, and fully explained their true intent in building this altar. Those who have found the comfort and benefit of [[God]]'s ordinances, cannot but desire to preserve them to their seed, and to use all possible care that their [[children]] may be looked upon as having a part in him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the great Altar that sanctifies every gift; the best evidence of our interest in him is the work of his [[Spirit]] in our hearts.
'''Verses''' 30-34
It is well that there was on both sides a disposition to [[peace]], as there was a zeal for [[God]]; for quarrels about [[religion]], for want of wisdom and love, often prove the most fierce and difficult to be made up. Proud and peevish spirits, when they have passed any unjust blame on their brethren, though full evidence be brought of its unfairness, can by no means be persuaded to withdraw it. But [[Israel]] was not so prejudiced. They looked upon their brethren's innocence as a token of [[God]]'s presence. Our brethren's zeal for the power of [[godliness]], and [[faith]] and love, notwithstanding the fears of their breaking the unity of the [[church]], are things of which we should be very glad to be satisfied. The altar was called ED, a witness. It was a witness of their care to keep their [[religion]] pure and entire, and would witness against their descendants, if they should turn from following after the [[Lord]]. Happy will it be when all professed [[Christians]] learn to copy the example of [[Israel]], to unite zeal and steady adherence to the cause of truth, with candour, meekness, and readiness to understand each other, to explain and to be satisfied with the explanations of their brethren. May the [[Lord]] increase the number of those who endeavour to keep the unity of the [[Spirit]] in the bond of [[peace]]! may increasing [[grace]] and consolation be with all who [[love]] [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] in sincerity!
----
'''Chapter''' 23
''Chapter Outline''
[[Joshua]]'s exhortation before his death.
(1-10)
[[Joshua]] warns the people of [[idolatry]].
(11-16)
'''Verses''' 1-10
[[Joshua]] was old and dying, let them observe what he said now. He put them in mind of the great things [[God]] had done for them in his days. He exhorted them to be very courageous. Keep with care, do with diligence, and regard with sincerity what is written. Also, very cautiously to endeavour that the heathen [[idolatry]] may be forgotten, so that it may never be revived. It is sad that among [[Christians]] the names of the heathen gods are so commonly used, and made so familiar as they are. [[Joshua]] exhorts them to be very constant. There might be many things amiss among them, but they had not forsaken the [[Lord]] their [[God]]; the way to make people better, is to make the best of them.
'''Verses''' 11-16
Would we cleave to the [[Lord]], we must always stand upon our guard, for many a soul is lost through carelessness. Love the [[Lord]] your [[God]], and you will not leave him. Has [[God]] been thus true to you? Be not you false to him. He is faithful that has promised, Heb 10:23. The experience of every [[Christian]] witnesses the same truth. Conflicts may have been severe and long, trials great and many; but at the last he will acknowledge that goodness and [[mercy]] followed him all the days of his life. [[Joshua]] states the fatal consequences of going back; know for a certainty it will be your ruin. The first step would be, friendship with idolaters; the next would be, marrying with them; the end of that would be, serving their gods. Thus the way of [[sin]] is down-hill, and those who have fellowship with sinners, cannot avoid having fellowship with sin. He describes the destruction he warns them of. The goodness of the heavenly Canaan, and the free and sure grant [[God]] has made of it, will add to the misery of those who shall for ever be shut out from it. Nothing will make them see how wretched they are, so much, as to see how happy they might have been. Let us watch and pray against temptation. Let us [[trust]] in [[God]]'s faithfulness, love, and power; let us plead his promises, and cleave to his commandments, then we shall be happy in life, in death, and for ever.
----
'''Chapter''' 24
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]]'s benefits to their fathers.
(1-14)
[[Joshua]] renews the covenant between the people and [[God]].
(15-28)
[[Joshua]]'s death, [[Joseph]]'s bones buried, The state of [[Israel]].
(29-33)
'''Verses''' 1-14
We must never think our work for [[God]] done, till our life is done. If he lengthen out our days beyond what we expected, like those of [[Joshua]], it is because he has some further service for us to do. He who aims at the same mind which was in [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]], will [[glory]] in bearing the last testimony to his [[Saviour]]'s goodness, and in telling to all around, the obligations with which the unmerited goodness of [[God]] has bound him. The assembly came together in a solemn religious manner. [[Joshua]] spake to them in [[God]]'s name, and as from him. His sermon consists of doctrine and application. The doctrinal part is a history of the great things [[God]] had done for his people, and for their fathers before them. The application of this history of [[God]]'s mercies to them, is an exhortation to [[fear]] and serve [[God]], in gratitude for his favour, and that it might be continued.
'''Verses''' 15-28
It is essential that the service of [[God]]'s people be performed with a willing mind. For LOVE is the only genuine principle whence all acceptable service of [[God]] can spring. The Father seeks only such to [[worship]] him, as [[worship]] him in spirit and in truth. The carnal mind of man is enmity against [[God]], therefore, is not capable of such spiritual worship. Hence the necessity of being born again. But numbers rest in mere forms, as tasks imposed upon them. [[Joshua]] puts them to their choice; but not as if it were indifferent whether they served [[God]] or not. Choose you whom ye will serve, now the matter is laid plainly before you. He resolves to do this, whatever others did. Those that are bound for heaven, must be willing to swim against the stream. They must not do as the most do, but as the best do. And no one can behave himself as he ought in any station, who does not deeply consider his religious duties in family relations. The [[Israelites]] agree with [[Joshua]], being influenced by the example of a man who had been so great a blessing to them; We also will serve the [[Lord]]. See how much good great men do, by their influence, if zealous in [[religion]]. [[Joshua]] brings them to express full purpose of [[heart]] to cleave to the [[Lord]]. They must come off from all confidence in their own sufficiency, else their purposes would be in vain. The service of [[God]] being made their deliberate choice, [[Joshua]] binds them to it by a solemn covenant. He set up a monument of it. In this affecting manner [[Joshua]] took his last leave of them; if they perished, their blood would be upon their own heads. Though the house of [[God]], the [[Lord]]'s table, and even the walls and trees before which we have uttered our solemn purposes of serving him, would bear witness against us if we deny him, yet we may [[trust]] in him, that he will put his [[fear]] into our hearts, that we shall not depart from him. [[God]] alone can give grace, yet he blesses our endeavours to engage men to his service.
'''Verses''' 29-33
[[Joseph]] died in [[Egypt]], but gave commandment concerning his bones, that they should not rest in their grave till [[Israel]] had rest in the land of promise. Notice also the [[death]] and burial of [[Joshua]], and of Eleazar the chief priest. The most useful men, having served their generation, according to the will of [[God]], one after another, fall asleep and see corruption. But [[Jesus]], having spent and ended his life on earth more effectually than either [[Joshua]] or [[Joseph]], rose from the dead, and saw no corruption. And the redeemed of the [[Lord]] shall inherit the kingdom he prepared for them from the foundation of the world. They will say in admiration of the [[grace]] of [[Jesus]], Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and hath made us kings and priests unto [[God]] and his Father, to him be [[glory]] and dominion for ever and ever. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]].
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