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Created page with " {{Infobox_Contents | topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Judges | subtopics = Judges | opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} * Text:EBD:Judges, Book of|..."
{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Judges |
subtopics = [[Judges]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Judges, Book of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Judges]] |
}}
Read the book of [[Judges]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Judges 1|1]]
[[Judges 2|2]]
[[Judges 3|3]]
[[Judges 4|4]]
[[Judges 5|5]]
[[Judges 6|6]]
[[Judges 7|7]]
[[Judges 8|8]]
[[Judges 9|9]]
[[Judges 10|10]]
[[Judges 11|11]]
[[Judges 12|12]]
[[Judges 13|13]]
[[Judges 14|14]]
[[Judges 15|15]]
[[Judges 16|16]]
[[Judges 17|17]]
[[Judges 18|18]]
[[Judges 19|19]]
[[Judges 20|20]]
[[Judges 21|21]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Judges 21|21]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the book of Judges'''
{{mhc bottom}}
The book of Judges is the history of [[Israel]] during the government of the Judges, who were occasional deliverers, raised up by [[God]] to rescue [[Israel]] from their oppressors, to reform the state of [[religion]], and to administer justice to the people. The state of [[God]]'s people does not appear in this book so prosperous, nor their character so religious, as might have been expected; but there were many [[believer]]s among them, and the tabernacle service was attended to. The history exemplifies the frequent warnings and predictions of [[Moses]], and should have close attention. The whole is full of important instruction.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
Proceedings of the tribes of [[Judah]] and Simeon.
(1-8)
Hebron and other cities taken.
(9-20)
The proceedings of other tribes.
(21-36)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The [[Israelites]] were convinced that the war against the [[Canaanites]] was to be continued; but they were in doubt as to the manner in which it was to be carried on after the [[death]] of [[Joshua]]. In these respects they inquired of the [[Lord]]. [[God]] appoints service according to the strength he has given. From those who are most able, most work is expected. [[Judah]] was first in dignity, and must be first in duty. [[Judah]]'s service will not avail unless [[God]] give success; but [[God]] will not give the success, unless [[Judah]] applies to the service. [[Judah]] was the most considerable of all the tribes, and Simeon the least; yet [[Judah]] begs Simeon's friendship, and prays for aid from him. It becomes [[Israelites]] to help one another against Canaanites; and all [[Christians]], even those of different tribes, should strengthen one another. Those who thus help one another in love, have reason to [[hope]] that [[God]] will graciously help both. Adoni-bezek was taken prisoner. This prince had been a severe tyrant. The [[Israelites]], doubtless under the [[Divine]] direction, made him suffer what he had done to others; and his own conscience confessed that he was justly treated as he had treated others. Thus the righteous [[God]] sometimes, in his providence, makes the punishment answer the sin.
'''Verses''' 9-20
The [[Canaanites]] had iron chariots; but [[Israel]] had [[God]] on their side, whose chariots are thousands of angels, Ps 68:17. Yet they suffered their fears to prevail against their faith. About Caleb we read in Jos 15:16-19. The Kenites had settled in the land. [[Israel]] let them fix where they pleased, being a quiet, contented people. They that molested none, were molested by none. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.
'''Verses''' 21-36
The people of [[Israel]] were very careless of their duty and interest. Owing to slothfulness and cowardice, they would not be at the pains to complete their conquests. It was also owing to their covetousness: they were willing to let the [[Canaanites]] live among them, that they might make advantage of them. They had not the dread and detestation of [[idolatry]] they ought to have had. The same unbelief that kept their fathers forty years out of Canaan, kept them now out of the full possession of it. Distrust of the power and promise of [[God]] deprived them of advantages, and brought them into troubles. Thus many a [[believer]] who begins well is hindered. His graces languish, his lusts revive, [[Satan]] plies him with suitable temptations, the [[world]] recovers its hold; he brings guilt into his conscience, anguish into his heart, discredit on his character, and reproach on the [[gospel]]. Though he may have sharp rebukes, and be so recovered that he does not perish, yet he will have deeply to lament his folly through his remaining days; and upon his dying bed to mourn over the opportunities of glorifying [[God]] and serving the [[church]] he has lost. We can have no fellowship with the enemies of [[God]] within us or around us, but to our hurt; therefore our only wisdom is to maintain unceasing war against them.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
The angel of the [[Lord]] rebukes the people.
(1-5)
The wickedness of the new generation after [[Joshua]].
(6-23)
'''Verses''' 1-5
It was the great [[Angel]] of the covenant, the Word, the Son of [[God]], who spake with [[Divine]] authority as [[Jehovah]], and now called them to account for their disobedience. [[God]] sets forth what he had done for [[Israel]], and what he had promised. Those who throw off communion with [[God]], and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, know not what they do now, and will have nothing to say for themselves in the day of account shortly. They must expect to suffer for this their folly. Those deceive themselves who expect advantages from friendship with [[God]]'s enemies. [[God]] often makes men's [[sin]] their punishment; and thorns and snares are in the way of the froward, who will walk contrary to [[God]]. The people wept, crying out against their own folly and ingratitude. They trembled at the word, and not without cause. It is a wonder sinners can ever read the [[Bible]] with dry eyes. Had they kept close to [[God]] and their duty, no voice but that of singing had been heard in their congregation; but by their [[sin]] and folly they made other work for themselves, and nothing is to be heard but the voice of weeping. The [[worship]] of [[God]], in its own nature, is joy, praise, and thanksgiving; our sins alone render weeping needful. It is pleasing to see men weep for their sins; but our tears, [[prayer]]s, and even amendment, cannot atone for sin.
'''Verses''' 6-23
We have a general idea of the course of things in [[Israel]], during the time of the Judges. The nation made themselves as mean and miserable by forsaking [[God]], as they would have been great and happy if they had continued faithful to him. Their punishment answered to the evil they had done. They served the gods of the nations round about them, even the meanest, and [[God]] made them serve the princes of the nations round about them, even the meanest. Those who have found [[God]] true to his promises, may be sure that he will be as true to his threatenings. He might in justice have abandoned them, but he could not for pity do it. The [[Lord]] was with the judges when he raised them up, and so they became saviours. In the days of the greatest distress of the [[church]], there shall be some whom [[God]] will find or make fit to help it. The [[Israelites]] were not thoroughly reformed; so mad were they upon their [[idols]], and so obstinately bent to backslide. Thus those who have forsaken the good ways of [[God]], which they have once known and professed, commonly grow most daring and desperate in [[sin]], and have their hearts hardened. Their punishment was, that the [[Canaanites]] were spared, and so they were beaten with their own rod. Men cherish and indulge their corrupt appetites and passions; therefore [[God]] justly leaves them to themselves, under the power of their sins, which will be their ruin. [[God]] has told us how deceitful and desperately wicked our hearts are, but we are not willing to believe it, until by making bold with [[temptation]] we find it true by sad experience. We need to examine how matters stand with ourselves, and to pray without ceasing, that we may be rooted and grounded in love, and that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] may dwell in our hearts by faith. Let us declare war against every [[sin]], and follow after [[holiness]] all our days.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
The nations left to prove [[Israel]].
(1-7)
Othniel delivers [[Israel]].
(8-11)
Ehud delivers [[Israel]] from Eglon.
(12-30)
Shamgar delivers and judges [[Israel]].
(31)
'''Verses''' 1-7
As the [[Israelites]] were a type of the [[church]] on earth, they were not to be idle and slothful. The [[Lord]] was pleased to try them by the remains of the devoted nations they spared. Temptations and trials detect the wickedness of the hearts of sinners; and strengthen he graces of [[believer]]s in their daily conflict with [[Satan]], [[sin]], and this evil world. They must live in this world, but they are not of it, and are forbidden to conform to it. This marks the difference between the followers of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and mere professors. The friendship of the [[world]] is more fatal than its enmity; the latter can only kill the body, but the former murders many precious souls.
'''Verses''' 8-11
The first judge was Othniel: even in [[Joshua]]'s time Othniel began to be famous. Soon after [[Israel]]'s settlement in [[Canaan]] their purity began to be corrupted, and their [[peace]] disturbed. But affliction makes those cry to [[God]] who before would scarcely speak to him. [[God]] returned in [[mercy]] to them for their deliverance. The [[Spirit]] of the [[Lord]] came upon Othniel. The [[Spirit]] of wisdom and courage to qualify him for the service, and the [[Spirit]] of power to excite him to it. He first judged [[Israel]], reproved and reformed them, and then went to war. Let [[sin]] at home be conquered, that worst of enemies, then enemies abroad will be more easily dealt with. Thus let [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] be our Judge and Lawgiver, then he will save us.
'''Verses''' 12-30
When [[Israel]] sins again, [[God]] raises up a new oppressor. The [[Israelites]] did ill, and the Moabites did worse; yet because [[God]] punishes the sins of his own people in this world, [[Israel]] is weakened, and Moab strengthened against them. If lesser troubles do not do the work, [[God]] will send greater. When [[Israel]] prays again, [[God]] raises up Ehud. As a judge, or minister of [[Divine]] justice, Ehud put to [[death]] Eglon, the king of Moab, and thus executed the judgments of [[God]] upon him as an enemy to [[God]] and [[Israel]]. But the law of being subject to principalities and powers in all things lawful, is the rule of our conduct. No such commissions are now given; to pretend to them is to blaspheme [[God]]. Notice Ehud's address to Eglon. What message from [[God]] but a message of vengeance can a proud rebel expect? Such a message is contained in the word of [[God]]; his ministers are boldly to declare it, without fearing the frown, or respecting the persons of sinners. But, blessed be [[God]], they have to deliver a message of [[mercy]] and of free [[salvation]]; the message of vengeance belongs only to those who neglect the offers of grace. The consequence of this victory was, that the land had rest eighty years. It was a great while for the land to rest; yet what is that to the saints' everlasting rest in the heavenly Canaan.
'''Verse''' 31
The side of the country which lay south-west, was infested by the [[Philistines]]. [[God]] raised up Shamgar to deliver them; having neither sword nor spear, he took an ox-goad, the instrument next at hand. [[God]] can make those serviceable to his [[glory]] and to his [[church]]'s good, whose birth, education, and employment, are mean and obscure. It is no matter what the weapon is, if [[God]] directs and strengthens the arm. Often he works by unlikely means, that the excellency of the power may appear to be of [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
[[Israel]] again revolts, and is oppressed by Jabin.
(1-3)
Deborah concerts their deliverance with Barak.
(4-9)
Sisera defeated.
(10-16)
Sisera put to [[death]] by Jael.
(17-24)
'''Verses''' 1-3
The land had rest for eighty years, which should have confirmed them in their [[religion]]; but it made them secure, and indulge their lusts. Thus the prosperity of fools destroys them. Jabin and his general Sisera, mightily oppressed [[Israel]]. This enemy was nearer than any of the former. [[Israel]] cried unto the [[Lord]], when distress drove them to him, and they saw no other way of relief. Those who slight [[God]] in prosperity, will find themselves under a necessity of seeking him in trouble.
'''Verses''' 4-9
Deborah was a prophetess; one instructed in [[Divine]] knowledge by the inspiration of the [[Spirit]] of [[God]]. She judged [[Israel]] as [[God]]'s mouth to them; correcting abuses, and redressing grievances. By [[God]]'s direction, she ordered Barak to raise an army, and engage Jabin's forces. Barak insisted much upon her presence. Deborah promised to go with him. She would not send him where she would not go herself. Those who in [[God]]'s name call others to their duty, should be ready to assist them in it. Barak values the satisfaction of his mind, and the good success of his enterprise, more than mere honour.
'''Verses''' 10-16
Siser's confidence was chiefly in his chariots. But if we have ground to [[hope]] that [[God]] goes before us, we may go on with courage and cheerfulness. Be not dismayed at the difficulties thou meetest with in resisting [[Satan]], in serving [[God]], or suffering for him; for is not the [[Lord]] gone before thee? Follow him then fully. Barak went down, though upon the plain the iron chariots would have advantage against him: he quitted the mountain in dependence on the [[Divine]] power; for in the [[Lord]] alone is the [[salvation]] of his people, Jer 3:23. He was not deceived in his confidence. When [[God]] goes before us in our spiritual conflicts, we must bestir ourselves; and when, by his grace, he gives us some success against the enemies of our souls, we must improve it by watchfulness and resolution.
'''Verses''' 17-24
Sisera's chariots had been his pride and his confidence. Thus are those disappointed who rest on the creature; like a broken reed, it not only breaks under them, but pierces them with many sorrows. The idol may quickly become a burden, Isa 46:1; what we were sick for, [[God]] can make us sick of. It is probable that Jael really intended kindness to Sisera; but by a [[Divine]] impulse she was afterwards led to consider him as the determined enemy of the [[Lord]] and of his people, and to destroy him. All our connexions with [[God]]'s enemies must be broken off, if we would have the [[Lord]] for our [[God]], and his people for our people. He that had thought to have destroyed [[Israel]] with his many iron chariots, is himself destroyed with one iron nail. Thus the weak things of the world confound the mighty. The [[Israelites]] would have prevented much mischief, if they had sooner destroyed the Canaanites, as [[God]] commanded and enabled them: but better be wise late, and buy wisdom by experience, than never be wise.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
Praise and [[glory]] ascribed to [[God]].
(1-5)
The distress and deliverance of [[Israel]].
(6-11)
Some commended, others censured.
(12-23)
Sisera's mother disappointed.
(24-31)
'''Verses''' 1-5
No time should be lost in returning thanks to the [[Lord]] for his mercies; for our praises are most acceptable, pleasant, and profitable, when they flow from a full heart. By this, [[love]] and gratitude would be more excited and more deeply fixed in the hearts of [[believer]]s; the events would be more known and longer remembered. Whatever Deborah, Barak, or the army had done, the [[Lord]] must have all the praise. The will, the power, and the success were all from Him.
'''Verses''' 6-11
Deborah describes the distressed state of [[Israel]] under the tyranny of Jabin, that their [[salvation]] might appear more gracious. She shows what brought this misery upon them. It was their [[idolatry]]. They chose new gods, with new names. But under all these images, [[Satan]] was worshipped. Deborah was a mother to [[Israel]], by diligently promoting the [[salvation]] of their souls. She calls on those who shared the advantages of this great [[salvation]], to offer up thanks to [[God]] for it. Let such as are restored, not only to their liberty as other [[Israelites]], but to their rank, speak [[God]]'s praises. This is the [[Lord]]'s doing. In these acts of his, justice was executed on his enemies. In times of persecution, [[God]]'s ordinances, the walls of [[salvation]], whence the waters of life are drawn, are resorted to at the hazard of the lives of those who attend them. At all times [[Satan]] will endeavour to hinder the [[believer]] from drawing near to the throne of grace. Notice [[God]]'s kindness to his trembling people. It is the [[glory]] of [[God]] to protect those who are most exposed, and to help the weakest. Let us notice the benefit we have from the public [[peace]], the inhabitants of villages especially, and give [[God]] the praise.
'''Verses''' 12-23
Deborah called on her own soul to be in earnest. He that will set the hearts of other men on fire with the [[love]] of [[Christ]], must himself burn with love. Praising [[God]] is a work we should awake to, and awake ourselves unto. She notices who fought against [[Israel]], who fought for them, and who kept away. Who fought against them. They were obstinate enemies to [[God]]'s people, therefore the more dangerous. Who fought for them. The several tribes that helped are here spoken of with honour; for though [[God]] is above all to be glorified, those who are employed must have their due praise, to encourage others. But the whole creation is at war with those to whom [[God]] is an enemy. The river of Kishon fought against their enemies. At most times it was shallow, yet now, probably by the great rain that fell, it was so swelled, and the stream so deep and strong, that those who attempted to pass, were drowned. Deborah's own soul fought against them. When the soul is employed in holy exercises, and heart-work is made of them, through the [[grace]] of [[God]], the strength of our spiritual enemies will be trodden down, and will fall before us. She observes who kept away, and did not side with [[Israel]], as might have been expected. Thus many are kept from doing their duty by the [[fear]] of trouble, the [[love]] of ease, and undue affection to their worldly business and advantage. Narrow, selfish spirits care not what becomes of [[God]]'s [[church]], so that they can but get, keep, and save money. All seek their own, Php 2:21. A little will serve those for a pretence to stay at home, who have no mind to engage in needful services, because there is difficulty and danger in them. But we cannot keep away from the contest between the [[Lord]] and his enemies; and if we do not actively endeavour to promote his cause in this wicked world, we shall fall under the curse against the workers of iniquity. Though He needs no human help, yet he is pleased to accept the services of those who improve their talents to advance his cause. He requires every man to do so.
'''Verses''' 24-31
Jael had a special blessing. Those whose lot is cast in the tent, in a low and narrow sphere, if they serve [[God]] according to the powers he has given them, shall not lose their reward. The mother of Sisera looked for his return, not in the least fearing his success. Let us take heed of indulging eager desires towards any temporal good, particularly toward that which cherishes vain-glory, for that was what she here doted on. What a picture does she present of an ungodly and sensual heart! How shameful and childish these wishes of an aged mother and her attendants for her son! And thus does [[God]] often bring ruin on his enemies when they are most puffed up. Deborah concludes with a [[prayer]] to [[God]] for the destruction of all his foes, and for the comfort of all his friends. Such shall be the honour, and [[joy]] of all who [[love]] [[God]] in sincerity, they shall shine for ever as the sun in the firmament.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
[[Israel]] oppressed by [[Midianites]].
(1-6)
[[Israel]] rebuked by a prophet.
(7-10)
[[Gideon]] set to deliver [[Israel]].
(11-24)
[[Gideon]] destroys [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]]'s altar.
(25-32)
Signs given him.
(33-40)
'''Verses''' 1-6
Israel's [[sin]] was renewed, and [[Israel]]'s troubles were repeated. Let all that [[sin]] expect to suffer. The [[Israelites]] hid themselves in dens and caves; such was the effect of a guilty conscience. Sin dispirits men. The invaders left no food for [[Israel]], except what was taken into the caves. They prepared that for [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]] with which [[God]] should have been served, now [[God]] justly sends an enemy to take it away in the season thereof.
'''Verses''' 7-10
They cried to [[God]] for a deliverer, and he sent them a prophet to teach them. When [[God]] furnishes a land with faithful ministers, it is a token that he has [[mercy]] in store for it. He charges them with rebellion against the [[Lord]]; he intends to bring them to repentance. [[Repentance]] is real when the sinfulness of [[sin]], as disobedience to [[God]], is chiefly lamented.
'''Verses''' 11-24
[[Gideon]] was a man of a brave, active spirit, yet in obscurity through the times: he is here stirred up to undertake something great. It was very sure that the [[Lord]] was with him, when his [[Angel]] was with him. [[Gideon]] was weak in faith, which made it hard to reconcile the assurances of the presence of [[God]] with the distress to which [[Israel]] was brought. The [[Angel]] answered his objections. He told him to appear and act as [[Israel]]'s deliverer, there needed no more. Bishop Hall says, While [[God]] calls [[Gideon]] valiant, he makes him so. [[God]] delights to advance the humble. [[Gideon]] desires to have his [[faith]] confirmed. Now, under the influences of the [[Spirit]], we are not to expect signs before our eyes such as [[Gideon]] here desired, but must earnestly pray to [[God]], that if we have found [[grace]] in his sight, he would show us a sign in our heart, by the powerful working of his [[Spirit]] there, The [[Angel]] turned the meat into an offering made by fire; showing that he was not a man who needed meat, but the Son of [[God]], who was to be served and honoured by sacrifice, and who in the fulness of time was to make himself a sacrifice. Hereby a sign was given to [[Gideon]], that he had found [[grace]] in [[God]]'s sight. Ever since man has by [[sin]] exposed himself to [[God]]'s wrath and curse, a message from heaven has been a terror to him, as he scarcely dares to expect good tidings thence. In this world, it is very awful to have any conVerse with that [[world]] of spirits to which we are so much strangers. [[Gideon]]'s courage failed him. But [[God]] spoke [[peace]] to him.
'''Verses''' 25-32
See the power of [[God]]'s grace, that he could raise up a reformer; and the kindness of his grace, that he would raise up a deliverer, out of the family of a leader in [[idolatry]]. [[Gideon]] must not think it enough not to [[worship]] at that altar; he must throw it down, and offer sacrifice on another. It was needful he should make [[peace]] with [[God]], before he made war on Midian. Till [[sin]] be [[pardon]] ed through the great Sacrifice, no good is to be expected. [[God]], who has all hearts in his hands, influenced Joash to appear for his son against the advocates for [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]], though he had joined formerly in the [[worship]] of [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]]. Let us do our duty, and [[trust]] [[God]] with our safety. Here is a challenge to [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]], to do either good or evil; the result convinced his worshippers of their folly, in praying to one to help them that could not avenge himself.
'''Verses''' 33-40
These signs are truly miraculous, and very significant. [[Gideon]] and his men were going to fight the [[Midianites]]; could [[God]] distinguish between a small fleece of [[Israel]], and the vast floor of Midian? [[Gideon]] is made to know that [[God]] could do so. Is [[Gideon]] desirous that the dew of Divine [[grace]] might come down upon himself in particular? He sees the fleece wet with dew to assure him of it. Does he desire that [[God]] will be as the dew to all [[Israel]]? Behold, all the ground is wet. What cause we sinners of the [[Gentiles]] have, to bless the [[Lord]] that the dew of heavenly blessings, once confined to [[Israel]], is now sent to all the inhabitants of the earth! Yet still the means of [[grace]] are in different measures, according to the purposes of [[God]]. In the same congregation, one man's soul is like [[Gideon]]'s moistened fleece, another like the dry ground.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
[[Gideon]]'s army reduced.
(1-8)
[[Gideon]] is encouraged.
(9-15)
The defeat of the [[Midianites]].
(16-22)
The Ephraimites take Oreb and Zeeb.
(23-25)
'''Verses''' 1-8
[[God]] provides that the praise of victory may be wholly to himself, by appointing only three hundred men to be employed. Activity and prudence go with dependence upon [[God]] for help in our lawful undertakings. When the [[Lord]] sees that men would overlook him, and through unbelief, would shrink from perilous services, or that through pride they would vaunt themselves against him, he will set them aside, and do his work by other instruments. Pretences will be found by many, for deserting the cause and escaping the cross. But though a religious society may thus be made fewer in numbers, yet it will gain as to purity, and may expect an increased blessing from the [[Lord]]. [[God]] chooses to employ such as are not only well affected, but zealously affected in a good thing. They grudged not at the liberty of the others who were dismissed. In doing the duties required by [[God]], we must not regard the forwardness or backwardness of others, nor what they do, but what [[God]] looks for at our hands. He is a rare person who can endure that others should excel him in gifts or blessings, or in liberty; so that we may say, it is by the special [[grace]] of [[God]] that we regard what [[God]] says to us, and not look to men what they do.
'''Verses''' 9-15
The dream seemed to have little meaning in it; but the interpretation evidently proved the whole to be from the [[Lord]], and discovered that the name of [[Gideon]] had filled the [[Midianites]] with terror. [[Gideon]] took this as a sure pledge of success; without delay he worshipped and praised [[God]], and returned with confidence to his three hundred men. Wherever we are, we may speak to [[God]], and [[worship]] him. [[God]] must have the praise of that which encourages our faith. And his providence must be acknowledged in events, though small and seemingly accidental.
'''Verses''' 16-22
This method of defeating the [[Midianites]] may be alluded to, as exemplifying the destruction of the devil's kingdom in the world, by the preaching of the everlasting [[gospel]], the sounding that trumpet, and the holding forth that light out of earthen vessels, for such are the ministers of the [[gospel]], 2Co 4:6, 7. [[God]] chose the foolish things of the [[world]] to confound the wise, a barley-cake to overthrow the tents of Midian, that the excellency of the power might be of [[God]] only. The [[gospel]] is a sword, not in the hand, but in the mouth: the sword of the [[Lord]] and of [[Gideon]]; of [[God]] and [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], of Him that sits on the throne and the Lamb. The wicked are often led to avenge the cause of [[God]] upon each other, under the power of their delusions, and the fury of their passions. See also how [[God]] often makes the enemies of the [[church]] instruments to destroy one another; it is a pity that the [[church]]'s friends should ever act like them.
'''Verses''' 23-25
Two chief commanders of the host of Midian were taken and slain by the men of Ephraim. It were to be wished that we all did as these did, and that where help is needed, that it were willingly and readily performed by another. And that if there were any excellent and profitable matter begun, we were willing to have fellow-labourers to the finishing and perfecting the same, and not, as often, hinder one another.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
[[Gideon]] pacifies the Ephraimites.
(1-3)
Succoth and Penuel refuse to relieve [[Gideon]].
(4-12)
Succoth and Penuel punished.
(13-17)
[[Gideon]] avenges his brethren.
(18-21)
[[Gideon]] declines the government, but given occasion for [[idolatry]].
(22-28)
[[Gideon]]'s death, [[Israel]]'s ingratitude.
(29-35)
'''Verses''' 1-3
Those who will not attempt or venture any thing in the cause of [[God]], will be the most ready to censure and quarrel with such as are of a more zealous and enterprising spirit. And those who are the most backward to difficult services, will be the most angry not to have the credit of them. [[Gideon]] stands here as a great example of self-denial; and shows us that envy is best removed by humility. The Ephraimites had given vent to their passion in very wrong freedom of speech, a certain sign of a weak cause: reason runs low when chiding flies high.
'''Verses''' 4-12
[[Gideon]]'s men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true [[Christian]]'s case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The [[world]] knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real [[believer]] maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the [[faith]] of which he began his conflict, and by the supply of which alone he can finish it in triumph.
'''Verses''' 13-17
The active servants of the [[Lord]] meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are [[Israelites]] in name, but [[Midianites]] in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of [[God]], though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shall be enabled to persevere. The less men help, and the more they seek to hinder, the more will the [[Lord]] assist. [[Gideon]]'s warning being slighted, the punishment was just. Many are taught with the briers and thorns of affliction, who would not learn otherwise.
'''Verses''' 18-21
The kings of Midian must be reckoned with. As they confessed themselves guilty of murder, [[Gideon]] acted as the avenger of blood, being the next of kin to the persons slain. Little did they think to have heard of this so long after; but murder seldom goes unpunished in this life. Sins long forgotten by man, must be accounted for to [[God]]. What poor consolation in [[death]] from the [[hope]] of suffering less pain, and of dying with less disgrace than some others! yet many are more anxious on these accounts, than concerning the future judgment, and what will follow.
'''Verses''' 22-28
[[Gideon]] refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to [[God]]. [[Gideon]] thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and [[Gideon]] intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are led into false ways by one false step of a good man. It became a snare to [[Gideon]] himself, and it proved the ruin of the family. How soon will ornaments which feed the lust of the eye, and form the pride of life, as well as tend to the indulgences of the flesh, bring shame on those who are fond of them!
'''Verses''' 29-35
As soon as [[Gideon]] was dead, who kept the people to the [[worship]] of the [[God]] of [[Israel]], they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]]im, and showed no kindness to the family of [[Gideon]]. No wonder if those who forget their [[God]], forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the [[Lord]], and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to be patient under any unkind returns we meet with for our poor services, and resolve, after the [[Divine]] example, not to be overcome of evil, but to overcome evil with good.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
[[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] murders his brethren, and is made king.
(1-6)
Jotham rebukes the Shechemites.
(7-21)
The Shechemites conspire against [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]].
(22-29)
[[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] destroys Shechem.
(30-49)
[[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] slain.
(50-57)
'''Verses''' 1-6
The men of Shechem chose [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] king. [[God]] was not consulted whether they should have any king, much less who it should be. If parents could see what their [[children]] would do, and what they are to suffer, their [[joy]] in them often would be turned into sorrow: we may be thankful that we cannot know what shall happen. Above all, we should [[fear]] and watch against sin; for our evil conduct may produce fatal effects upon our families, after we are in our graves.
'''Verses''' 7-21
There was no occasion for the trees to choose a king, they are all the trees of the [[Lord]] which he has planted. Nor was there any occasion for [[Israel]] to set a king over them, for the [[Lord]] was their King. Those who bear fruit for the public good, are justly respected and honoured by all that are wise, more than those who merely make a figure. All these fruit-trees gave much the same reason for their refusal to be promoted over the trees; or, as the margin reads it, to go up and down for the trees. To rule, involves a man in a great deal both of toil and care. Those who are preferred to public [[trust]] and power, must forego all private interests and advantages, for the good of others. And those advanced to honour and dignity, are in great danger of losing their fruitfulness. For which reason, they that desire to do good, are afraid of being too great. Jotham compares [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] to the bramble or thistle, a worthless plant, whose end is to be burned. Such a one was [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]].
'''Verses''' 22-29
[[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] is seated in the throne his father refused. But how long does this [[glory]] last? Stay but three years, and see the bramble withered and burned. The prosperity of the wicked is short and fickle. The Shechemites are plagued by no other hand than [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]]'s. They raised him unjustly to the throne; they first feel the weight of his sceptre.
'''Verses''' 30-49
[[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]] intended to punish the Schechemites for slighting him now, but [[God]] punished them for their serving him formerly in the murder of [[Gideon]]'s sons. When [[God]] uses men as instruments in his hand to do his work, he means one thing, and they another. That, which they hoped would have been for their welfare, proved a snare and a trap, as those will certainly find, who run to [[idols]] for shelter; such will prove a refuge of lies. (Jdg 9:50-57)
'''Verses''' 50-57
The Shechemites were ruined by [[Text:EBD:Abimelech|Abimelech]]; now he is reckoned with, who was their leader in villany. Evil pursues sinners, and sometimes overtakes them, when not only at ease, but triumphant. Though wickedness may prosper a while, it will not prosper always. The history of mankind, if truly told, would greatly resemble that of this Chapter. The records of what are called splendid events present to us such contests for power. Such scenes, though praised of men, fully explain the Scripture doctrine of the deceitfulness and desperate wickedness of the human heart, the force of men's lust, and the effect of [[Satan]]'s influence. [[Lord]], thou has given us thy word of truth and righteousness, O pour upon us thy spirit of purity, [[peace]], and love, and write thy holy law in our hearts.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Tola and Jair judge [[Israel]].
(1-5)
The [[Philistines]] and Ammonites oppress [[Israel]].
(6-9)
Israel's repentance.
(10-18)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Quiet and [[peace]]able reigns, though the best to live in, yield least variety of matter to be spoken of. Such were the days of Tola and Jair. They were humble, active, and useful men, rulers appointed of [[God]].
'''Verses''' 6-9
Now the threatening was fulfilled, that the [[Israelites]] should have no power to stand before their enemies, Le 26:17, 37. By their evil ways and their evil doings they procured this to themselves.
'''Verses''' 10-18
[[God]] is able to multiply men's punishments according to the numbers of their sins and [[idols]]. But there is [[hope]] when sinners cry to the [[Lord]] for help, and lament their ungodliness as well as their more open transgressions. It is necessary, in true repentance, that there be a full conviction that those things cannot help us which we have set in competition with [[God]]. They acknowledged what they deserved, yet prayed to [[God]] not to deal with them according to their deserts. We must submit to [[God]]'s justice, with a [[hope]] in his [[mercy]]. True [[Repentance|repentance]] is not only for [[sin]], but from sin. As the disobedience and misery of a child are a grief to a tender father, so the provocations of [[God]]'s people are a grief to him. From him [[mercy]] never can be sought in vain. Let then the trembling sinner, and the almost despairing backslider, cease from debating about [[God]]'s secret purposes, or from expecting to find hope from former experiences. Let them cast themselves on the [[mercy]] of [[God]] our [[Saviour]], humble themselves under his hand, seek deliverance from the powers of darkness, separate themselves from [[sin]], and from occasions of it, use the means of [[grace]] diligently, and wait the [[Lord]]'s time, and so they shall certainly [[rejoice]] in his [[mercy]].
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
Jephtah and the Gileadites.
(1-11)
He attempts to make [[peace]].
(12-28)
Jephthah's vow. He vanquishes the Ammonites.
(29-40)
'''Verses''' 1-11
Men ought not to be blamed for their parentage, so long as they by their personal merits roll away any reproach. [[God]] had forgiven [[Israel]], therefore Jephthah will forgive. He speaks not with confidence of his success, knowing how justly [[God]] might suffer the Ammonites to prevail for the further punishment of [[Israel]]. Nor does he speak with any confidence at all in himself. If he succeed, it is the [[Lord]] delivers them into his hand; he thereby reminds his countrymen to look up to [[God]] as the Giver of victory. The same question as here, in fact, is put to those who desire [[salvation]] by [[Christ]]. If he save you, will ye be willing that he shall rule you? On no other terms will he save you. If he make you happy, shall he make you holy? If he be your helper, shall he be your Head? Jephthah, to obtain a little worldly honour, was willing to expose his life: shall we be discouraged in our [[Christian]] warfare by the difficulties we may meet with, when [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has promised a crown of life to him that overcometh?
'''Verses''' 12-28
One instance of the honour and respect we owe to [[God]], as our [[God]], is, rightly to employ what he gives us to possess. Receive it from him, use it for him, and part with it when he calls for it. The whole of this message shows that Jephthah was well acquainted with the books of [[Moses]]. His argument was clear, and his demand reasonable. Those who possess the most courageous faith, will be the most disposed for [[peace]], and the readiest to make advances to obtain; but rapacity and ambition often cloak their designs under a plea of equity, and render [[peace]]ful endeavours of no avail.
'''Verses''' 29-40
Several important lessons are to be learned from Jephthah's vow. 1. There may be remainders of distrust and doubting, even in the hearts of true and great [[believer]]s. 2. Our vows to [[God]] should not be as a purchase of the favour we desire, but to express gratitude to him. 3. We need to be very well-advised in making vows, lest we entangle ourselves. 4. What we have solemnly vowed to [[God]], we must perform, if it be possible and lawful, though it be difficult and grievous to us. 5. It well becomes children, obediently and cheerfully to submit to their parents in the [[Lord]]. It is hard to say what Jephthah did in performance of his vow; but it is thought that he did not offer his daughter as a burnt-offering. Such a sacrifice would have been an abomination to the [[Lord]]; it is supposed she was obliged to remain unmarried, and apart from her family. Concerning this and some other such passages in the sacred history, about which learned men are divided and in doubt, we need not perplex ourselves; what is necessary to our [[salvation]], thanks be to [[God]], is plain enough. If the reader recollects the promise of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] concerning the teaching of the Holy Spirit, and places himself under this heavenly Teacher, the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]] will guide to all truth in every passage, so far as it is needful to be understood.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
Ephraimites quarrel with Jephthah.
(1-7)
Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon judge [[Israel]].
(8-15)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The Ephraimites had the same quarrel with Jephthah as with [[Gideon]]. Pride was at the bottom of the quarrel; only by that comes contention. It is ill to fasten names of reproach upon persons or countries, as is common, especially upon those under outward disadvantages. It often occasions quarrels that prove of ill consequence, as it did here. No contentions are so bitter as those between brethren or rivals for honour. What need we have to watch and pray against evil tempers! May the [[Lord]] incline all his people to follow after things which make for [[peace]]!
'''Verses''' 8-15
We have here a short account of three more of the judges of [[Israel]]. The happiest life of individuals, and the happiest state of society, is that which affords the fewest remarkable events. To live in credit and quiet, to be [[peace]]fully useful to those around us, to possess a clear conscience; but, above all, and without which nothing can avail, to enjoy communion with [[God]] our [[Saviour]] while we live, and to die at [[peace]] with [[God]] and man, form the substance of all that a wise man can desire.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
The [[Philistines]], [[Samson]] announced.
(1-7)
The angel appears to Manoah.
(8-14)
Manoah's sacrifice.
(15-23)
Birth of [[Samson]].
(24, 25)
'''Verses''' 1-7
[[Israel]] did evil: then [[God]] delivered them again into the hands of the [[Philistines]]. When [[Israel]] was in this distress, [[Samson]] was born. His parents had been long childless. Many eminent persons were born of such mothers. Mercies long waited for, often prove signal mercies; and by them others may be encouraged to continue their [[hope]] in [[God]]'s [[mercy]]. The angel notices her affliction. [[God]] often sends comfort to his people very seasonably, when they feel their troubles most. This deliverer of [[Israel]] must be devoted to [[God]]. Manoah's wife was satisfied that the messenger was of [[God]]. She gave her husband a particular account, both of the promise and of the precept. Husbands and wives should tell each other their experiences of communion with [[God]], and their improvements in acquaintance with him, that they may help each other in the way that is holy.
'''Verses''' 8-14
Blessed are those who have not seen, and yet, as Manoah, have believed. Good men are more careful and desirous to know the duty to be done by them, than to know the events concerning them: duty is ours, events are [[God]]'s. [[God]] will guide those by his counsel, who desire to know their duty, and apply to him to teach them. Pious parents, especially, will beg [[Divine]] assistance. The angel repeats the directions he had before given. There is need of much care for the right ordering both of ourselves and our children, that we may be duly separate from the world, and living sacrifices to the [[Lord]].
'''Verses''' 15-23
What Manoah asked for instruction in his duty, he was readily told; but what he asked to gratify his curiosity, was denied. [[God]] has in his word given full directions concerning our duty, but never designed to answer other questionings. There are secret things which belong not to us, of which we must be quite contented to be ignorant, while in this world. The name of our [[Lord]] is wonderful and secret; but by his wonderful works he makes himself known as far as is needful for us. Prayer is the ascent of the soul to [[God]]. But without [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in the [[heart]] by faith, our services are offensive smoke; in him, acceptable flame. We may apply this to [[Christ]]'s sacrifice of himself for us; he ascended in the flame of his own offering, for by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, Heb 9:12. In Manoah's reflections there is great fear; We shall surely die. In his wife's reflection there is great faith. As a help meet for him, she encouraged him. Let [[believer]]s who have had communion with [[God]] in the word and [[prayer]], to whom he has graciously manifested himself, and who have had reason to think [[God]] has accepted their works, take encouragement from thence in a cloudy and dark day. [[God]] would not have done what he has done for my soul, if he had designed to forsake me, and leave me to perish at last; for his work is perfect. Learn to reason as Manoah's wife; If [[God]] designed me to perish under his wrath, he would not give me tokens of his favour.
'''Verses''' 24, 25
The [[Spirit]] of the [[Lord]] began to move [[Samson]] when a youth. This was evidence that the [[Lord]] blessed him. Where [[God]] gives his blessing, he gives his [[Spirit]] to qualify for the blessing. Those are blessed indeed in whom the [[Spirit]] of [[grace]] begins to work in the days of their childhood. [[Samson]] drank no wine or strong drink, yet excelled in strength and courage, for he had the [[Spirit]] of [[God]] moving him; therefore be not drunk with wine, but be filled with the [[Spirit]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
[[Samson]] desires a wife of the [[Philistines]].
(1-4)
[[Samson]] kills a lion.
(5-9)
[[Samson]]'s riddle.
(10-20)
'''Verses''' 1-4
As far as [[Samson]]'s [[marriage]] was a common case, it was weak and foolish of him to set his affections upon a daughter of the [[Philistines]]. Shall one, not only an [[Israel]]ite, but a Nazarite, devoted to the [[Lord]], covet to become one with a worshipper of Dagon? It does not appear that he had any reason to think her wise or virtuous, or any way likely to be a help meet for him; but he saw something in her agreeable to his fancy. He that, in the choice of a wife, is only guided by his eye, and governed by his fancy, must afterwards thank himself if he find a Philistine in his arms. Yet it was well done not to proceed till [[Samson]] had made his parents acquainted with the matter. Children ought not to marry, nor to move towards it, without the advice and consent of their parents. [[Samson]]'s parents did well to dissuade him from yoking himself unequally with unbelievers. It seems that it pleased [[God]] to leave [[Samson]] to follow his own inclinations, intending to bring out good from his conduct; and his parents consented, because he was bent upon it. However, his example is not recorded for us to do likewise.
'''Verses''' 5-9
By enabling him to kill a lion, [[God]] let [[Samson]] know what he could do in the strength of the [[Spirit]] of the [[Lord]], that he might never be afraid to look the greatest difficulties in the face. He was alone in the vineyards, whither he had rambled. Young people consider not how they exposed themselves to the roaring lion that seeks to devour, when they wander from their prudent, pious parents. Nor do men consider what lions lurk in the vineyards, the vineyards of red wines. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] having conquered [[Satan]], that roaring lion, [[believer]]s, like [[Samson]], find honey in the carcass abundant strength and satisfaction, enough for themselves, and for all their friends.
'''Verses''' 10-20
[[Samson]]'s riddle literally meant no more than that he had got honey, for food and for pleasure, from the lion, which in its strength and fury was ready to devour him. But the victory of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] over [[Satan]], by means of his humiliation, agonies, and death, and the exaltation that followed to him, with the [[glory]] thence to the Father, and spiritual advantages to his people, seem directly alluded to. And even death, that devouring monster, being robbed of his sting, and stripped of his horror, forwards the soul to the realms of bliss. In these and other senses, out of the eater comes forth meat, and out of the strong, sweetness. [[Samson]]'s companions obliged his wife to get the explanation from him. A worldly wife, or a worldly friend, is to a godly man as an enemy in the camp, who will watch every opportunity to betray him. No union can be comfortable or lasting, where secrets cannot be intrusted, without danger of being divulged. [[Satan]], in his temptations, could not do us the mischief he does, if he did not plough with the heifer of our corrupt nature. His chief advantage against us arises from his correspondence with our deceitful hearts and inbred lusts. This proved an occasion of weaning [[Samson]] from his new relations. It were well for us, if the unkindness we meet with from the world, and our disappointments in it, obliged us by [[faith]] and [[prayer]] to return to our heavenly Father's house, and to rest there. See how little confidence is to be put in man. Whatever pretence of friendship may be made, a real Philistine will soon be weary of a true [[Israel]]ite.
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
[[Samson]] is denied his wife, He smites the [[Philistines]].
(1-8)
[[Samson]] kills a thousand of the [[Philistines]] with a jaw-bone.
(9-17)
His distress from thirst.
(18-20)
'''Verses''' 1-8
When there are differences between relations, let those be reckoned the wisest and best, who are most forward to forgive or forget, and most willing to stoop and yield for the sake of [[peace]]. In the means which [[Samson]] employed, we must look at the power of [[God]] supplying them, and making them successful, to mortify the pride and punish the wickedness of the [[Philistines]]. The [[Philistines]] threatened [[Samson]]'s wife that they would burn her and her father's house. She, to save herself and oblige her countrymen, betrayed her husband; and the very thing that she feared, and by [[sin]] sought to avoid, came upon her! She, and her father's house, were burnt with fire, and by her countrymen, whom she thought to oblige by the wrong she did to her husband. The mischief we seek to escape by any unlawful practices, we often pull down upon our own heads.
'''Verses''' 9-17
Sin dispirits men, it hides from their eyes the things that belong to their [[peace]]. The [[Israelites]] blamed [[Samson]] for what he had done against the [[Philistines]], as if he had done them a great injury. Thus our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] did many good works, and for those the [[Jews]] were ready to stone him. When the [[Spirit]] of the [[Lord]] came upon [[Samson]], his cords were loosed: where the [[Spirit]] of the [[Lord]] is, there is liberty, and those are free indeed who are thus set free. Thus [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] triumphed over the powers of darkness that shouted against him, as if they had him in their power. [[Samson]] made great destruction among the [[Philistines]]. To take the bone of an ass for this, was to do wonders by the foolish things of the world, that the excellency of the power might be of [[God]], not of man. This victory was not in the weapon, was not in the arm; but it was in the [[Spirit]] of [[God]], which moved the weapon by the arm. We can do all things through Him that strengtheneth us. Seest thou a poor [[Christian]], who is enabled to overcome a [[temptation]] by weak, feeble counsel, there is the Philistine vanquished by a sorry jaw-bone.
'''Verses''' 18-20
So little notice did the men of [[Judah]] take of their deliverer, that he was ready to perish for want of a draught of water. Thus are the greatest slights often put upon those who do the greatest services. [[Samson]] prayed to [[God]] in this distress. Those that forget to attend [[God]] their praises, may be compelled to attend him with their [[prayer]]s. Past experiences of [[God]]'s power and goodness, are excellent pleas in [[prayer]] for further [[mercy]]. He pleads his being exposed to [[God]]'s enemies; our best pleas are taken from [[God]]'s glory. The [[Lord]] sent him seasonable relief. The place of this action was, from the jaw-bone, called Lehi. And in the place thus called, [[God]] caused a fountain suddenly and seasonably to open, close by [[Samson]]. We should be more thankful for the [[mercy]] of water, did we consider how ill we can spare it. [[Israel]] submitted to him whom they had betrayed. [[God]] was with him; henceforward they were directed by him as their judge.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
''Chapter Outline''
[[Samson]]'s escape from Gaza.
(1-3)
[[Samson]] enticed to declare his strength lay.
(4-17)
The [[Philistines]] take [[Samson]], and put out his eyes.
(18-21)
[[Samson]]'s strength is renewed.
(22-24)
He destroys many of the [[Philistines]].
(25-31)
'''Verses''' 1-3
Hitherto [[Samson]]'s character has appeared glorious, though uncommon. In this Chapter we find him behaving in so wicked a manner, that many question whether or not he were a godly man. But the apostle has determined this, Heb 11:32. By adverting to the doctrines and examples of Scripture, the artifices of [[Satan]], the deceitfulness of the human heart, and the methods in which the [[Lord]] frequently deals with his people, we may learn useful lessons from this history, at which some needlessly stumble, while others cavil and object. The peculiar time in which [[Samson]] lived may account for many things, which, if done in our time, and without the special appointment of Heaven, would be highly criminal. And there might have been in him many exercises of piety, which, if recorded, would have reflected a different light upon his character. Observe [[Samson]]'s danger. Oh that all who indulge their sensual appetites in drunkenness, or any fleshly lusts, would see themselves thus surrounded, way-laid, and marked for ruin by their spiritual enemies! The faster they sleep, the more secure they feel, the greater their danger. We [[hope]] it was with a pious resolution not to return to his [[sin]], that he rose under a [[fear]] of the danger he was in. Can I be safe under this guilt? It was bad that he lay down without such checks; but it would have been worse, if he had laid still under them.
'''Verses''' 4-17
[[Samson]] had been more than once brought into mischief and danger by the [[love]] of women, yet he would not take warning, but is again taken in the same snare, and this third time is fatal. Licentiousness is one of the things that take away the heart. This is a deep pit into which many have fallen; but from which few have escaped, and those by a [[miracle]] of [[mercy]], with the loss of reputation and usefulness, of almost all, except their souls. The anguish of the suffering is ten thousand times greater than all the pleasures of the sin.
'''Verses''' 18-21
See the fatal effects of false security. [[Satan]] ruins men by flattering them into a good opinion of their own safety, and so bringing them to mind nothing, and [[fear]] nothing; and then he robs them of their strength and honour, and leads them captive at his will. When we sleep our spiritual enemies do not. [[Samson]]'s eyes were the inlets of his [[sin]], (ver. #(1),) and now his punishment began there. Now the [[Philistines]] blinded him, he had time to remember how his own lust had before blinded him. The best way to preserve the eyes, is, to turn them away from beholding vanity. Take warning by his fall, carefully to watch against all fleshly lusts; for all our [[glory]] is gone, and our defence departed from us, when our separation to [[God]], as spiritual Nazarites, is profaned.
'''Verses''' 22-24
[[Samson]]'s afflictions were the means of bringing him to deep repentance. By the loss of his bodily sight the eyes of his understanding were opened; and by depriving him of bodily strength, the [[Lord]] was pleased to renew his spiritual strength. The [[Lord]] permits some few to wander wide and sink deep, yet he recovers them at last, and marking his displeasure at [[sin]] in their severe temporal sufferings, preserves them from sinking into the pit of destruction. Hypocrites may abuse these examples, and infidels mock at them, but true [[Christians]] will thereby be rendered more humble, watchful, and circumspect; more simple in their dependence on the [[Lord]], more fervent in [[prayer]] to be kept from falling, and in praise for being preserved; and, if they fall, they will be kept from sinking into despair.
'''Verses''' 25-31
Nothing fills up the sins of any person or people faster than mocking and misusing the servants of [[God]], even thought it is by their own folly that they are brought low. [[God]] put it into [[Samson]]'s heart, as a public person, thus to avenge on them [[God]]'s quarrel, [[Israel]]'s, and his own. That strength which he had lost by [[sin]], he recovers by [[prayer]]. That it was not from passion or personal revenge, but from holy zeal for the [[glory]] of [[God]] and [[Israel]], appears from [[God]]'s accepting and answering the [[prayer]]. The house was pulled down, not by the natural strength of [[Samson]], but by the almighty power of [[God]]. In his case it was right he should avenge the cause of [[God]] and [[Israel]]. Nor is he to be accused of self-murder. He sought not his own death, but [[Israel]]'s deliverance, and the destruction of their enemies. Thus [[Samson]] died in bonds, and among the [[Philistines]], as an awful rebuke for his sins; but he died repentant. The effects of his [[death]] typified those of the [[death]] of [[Christ]], who, of his own will, laid down his life among transgressors, and thus overturned the foundation of [[Satan]]'s kingdom, and provided for the deliverance of his people. Great as was the [[sin]] of [[Samson]], and justly as he deserved the judgments he brought upon himself, he found [[mercy]] of the [[Lord]] at last; and every penitent shall obtain [[mercy]], who flees for refuge to that [[Saviour]] whose blood cleanses from all sin. But here is nothing to encourage any to indulge [[sin]], from a [[hope]] they shall at last repent and be saved.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
The beginning of [[idolatry]] in [[Israel]], Micah and his mother.
(1-6)
Micah hires a Levite to be his priest.
(7-13)
'''Verses''' 1-6
What is related in this, and the rest of the Chapters to the end of this book, was done soon after the [[death]] of [[Joshua]]: see chap. Jud 20:28. That it might appear how happy the nation was under the Judges, here is showed how unhappy they were when there was no Judge. The love of money made Micah so undutiful to his mother as to rob her, and made her so unkind to her son, as to curse him. Outward losses drive good people to their [[prayer]]s, but bad people to their curses. This woman's silver was her god, before it was made into a graven or a molten image. Micah and his mother agreed to turn their money into a god, and set up idol [[worship]] in their family. See the cause of this corruption. Every man did that which was right in his own eyes, and then they soon did that which was evil in the sight of the [[Lord]].
'''Verses''' 7-13
Micah thought it was a sign of [[God]]'s favour to him and his images, that a Levite should come to his door. Thus those who please themselves with their own delusions, if Providence unexpectedly bring any thing to their hands that further them in their evil way, are apt from thence to think that [[God]] is pleased with them.
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'''Chapter''' 18
The Danites seek to enlarge their inheritance, and rob Micah.
--The Danites determined to take Micah's gods with them. Oh the folly of these Danites! How could they imagine those gods should protect them, that could not keep themselves from being stolen! To take them for their own use, was a double crime; it showed they neither feared [[God]], nor regarded man, but were lost both to [[godliness]] and honesty. What a folly was it for Micah to call those his gods, which he had made, when He only is to be worshipped by us as [[God]], that made us! That is put in [[God]]'s place, which we are concerned about, as if our all were bound up in it. If people will walk in the name of their false gods, much more should we [[love]] and serve the true [[God]]!
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'''Chapter''' 19
The wickedness of the men of Gibeah.
--The three remaining Chapters of this book contain a very sad history of the wickedness of the men of Gibeah, in Benjamin. The righteous [[Lord]] permits sinners to execute just vengeance on one another, and if the scene here described is horrible, what will the discoveries of the day of judgment be! Let each of us consider how to escape from the wrath to come, how to mortify the sins of our own hearts, to resist [[Satan]]'s temptations, and to avoid the pollutions there are in the world.
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'''Chapter''' 20
The tribe of Benjamin nearly extirpated.
--The [[Israelites]]' abhorrence of the crime committed at Gibeah, and their resolution to punish the criminals, were right; but they formed their resolves with too much haste and self-confidence. The eternal ruin of souls will be worse, and more fearful, than these desolations of a tribe.
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'''Chapter''' 21
The [[Israelites]] lament for the Benjamites.
--[[Israel]] lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of [[God]]. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought [[forgiveness]] in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.
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