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Created page with "{{Infobox_Contents | topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Hosea | subtopics = The Prophet Hosea | opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} * Text:EBD:Hosea,..."
{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Hosea |
subtopics = The Prophet [[Hosea]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Hosea, Prophecies of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Hosea]] |
}}
Read the book of [[Hosea]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Hosea 1|1]]
[[Hosea 2|2]]
[[Hosea 3|3]]
[[Hosea 4|4]]
[[Hosea 5|5]]
[[Hosea 6|6]]
[[Hosea 7|7]]
[[Hosea 8|8]]
[[Hosea 9|9]]
[[Hosea 10|10]]
[[Hosea 11|11]]
[[Hosea 12|12]]
[[Hosea 13|13]]
[[Hosea 14|14]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Hosea 14|14]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the book of [[Hosea]]'''
Hosea is supposed to have been of the kingdom of [[Israel]]. He lived and prophesied during a long period. The scope of his predictions appears to be, to detect, reprove, and convince the Jewish nation in general, and the [[Israelites]] in particular, of their many sins, particularly their [[idolatry]]: the corrupt state of the kingdom is also noticed. But he invites them to repentance, with promises of [[mercy]], and [[gospel]] predictions of the future restoration of the [[Israelites]] and of the [[Jews]], and their final conversion to [[Christianity]].
----
'''Chapter''' 1
Under a figure, is represented the shameful [[idolatry]] of the ten tribes. (Hos. 1:1-7) The calling of the [[Gentiles]], and the uniting [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] under the [[Messiah]]. (Hos. 1:8-11)
Hos. 1:1-7 [[Israel]] was prosperous, yet then Hosea boldly tells them of their sins, and foretells their destruction. Men are not to be flattered in sinful ways because they prosper in the world; nor will it last long if they go on still in their trespasses. The prophet must show [[Israel]] their sin; show it to be exceedingly hateful. Their [[idolatry]] is the [[sin]] they are here charged with. Giving that [[glory]] to any creature which is due to [[God]] alone, is an injury and affront to [[God]]; such as for a wife to take a stranger, is to her husband. The [[Lord]], doubtless, had good reasons for giving such a command to the prophet; it would form an affecting picture of the [[Lord]]'s unmerited goodness and unwearied patience, and of the perVerseness and ingratitude of [[Israel]]. We should be broken and wearied with half that perVerseness from others, with which we try the patience and grieve the [[Spirit]] of our [[God]]. Let us also be ready to bear any cross the [[Lord]] appoints. The prophet must show the ruin of the people, in the names given to his children. He foretells the fall of the royal family in the name of his first child: call his name Jezreel, which signifies "dispersion." He foretells [[God]]'s abandoning the nation in the name of the second child; Lo-ruhamah, "not beloved," or "not having obtained [[mercy]]." [[God]] showed great [[mercy]], but [[Israel]] abused his favours. Sin turns away the [[mercy]] of [[God]], even from [[Israel]], his own professing people. If [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]] is denied, no other [[mercy]] can be expected. Though some, through unbelief, are broken off, yet [[God]] will have a [[church]] in this [[world]] till the end of time. Our [[salvation]] is owing to [[God]]'s [[mercy]], not to any merit of our own. That [[salvation]] is sure, of which he is the Author; and if he will work, none shall hinder.
Hos. 1:8-11 The rejection of [[Israel]] for a time, is signified by the name of another child: call him Lo-ammi, "not my people." The [[Lord]] disowns all relation to them. We [[love]] him, because he first loved us; but our being cast out of covenant, is owing to ourselves and our folly. Mercy is remembered in the midst of wrath; the rejection, as it shall not be total, so it shall not be final. The same hand that wounded, is stretched forth to heal. Very precious promises are here given concerning the [[Israel]] of [[God]], and they may be of use to us now. Some think that these promises will not have accomplishment in full, till the general conversion of the [[Jews]] in the latter days. Also this promise is applied to the [[gospel]], and the bringing in both the [[Jews]] and [[Gentiles]] to it, by St. Paul, Rom. 9:25,26, and by St. [[ Peter]], I Pet. 2:10. To believe in [[Christ]], is to have him for our Head, and willingly to commit ourselves to his guidance and government. And let us pray for the coming of the glorious day, when there shall be one [[Lord]] through all the earth.
----
'''Chapter''' 2
The [[idolatry]] of the people. (Hos. 2:1-5) [[God]]'s judgments against them. (Hos. 2:6-13) His promises of reconciliation. (Hos. 2:14-23)
Hos. 2:1-5 This Chapter continues the figurative address to [[Israel]], in reference to Hosea's wife and children. Let us own and [[love]] as brethren, all whom the [[Lord]] seems to put among his children, and encourage them in that they have received [[mercy]]. But every [[Christian]], by his example and conduct, must protest against evil and abuses, even among those to whom he belongs and owes respect. Impenitent sinners will soon be stripped of the advantages they misuse, and which they consume upon their lusts.
Hos. 2:6-13 [[God]] threatens what he would do with this treacherous, idolatrous people. They did not turn, therefore all this came upon them; and it is written for admonition to us. If lesser difficulties be got over, [[God]] will raise greater. The most resolute in sinful pursuits, are commonly most crossed in them. The way of [[God]] and duty is often hedged about with thorns, but we have reason to think it is a sinful way that is hedged up with thorns. Crosses and obstacles in an evil course are great blessings, and are to be so accounted; they are [[God]]'s hedges, to keep us from transgressing, to make the way of sin difficult, and to keep us from it. We have reason to bless [[God]] for restraining grace, and for restraining providences; and even for sore pain, sickness, or calamity, if it keeps us from sin. The disappointments we meet with in seeking for satisfaction from the creature, should, if nothing else will do it, drive us to the Creator. When men forget, or consider not that their comforts come from [[God]], he will often in [[mercy]] take them away, to bring them to think upon their folly and danger. Sin and mirth can never hold long together; but if men will not take away [[sin]] from their mirth, [[God]] will take away mirth from their sin. And if men destroy [[God]]'s word and ordinances, it is just with him to destroy their vines and fig-trees. This shall be the ruin of their mirth. Taking away the solemn seasons and the sabbaths will not do it, they will readily part with them, and think it no loss; but He will take away their sensual pleasures. Days of sinful mirth must be visited with days of mourning.
Hos. 2:14-23 After these judgments the [[Lord]] would deal with [[Israel]] more gently. By the promise of rest in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we are invited to take his yoke upon us; and the work of conversion may be forwarded by comforts as well as by convictions. But usually the [[Lord]] drives us to despair of earthly joy, and help from ourselves, that, being shut from every other door, we may knock at Mercy's gate. From that time [[Israel]] would be more truly attached to the [[Lord]]; no longer calling him [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]]i, or "My lord and master," alluding to authority, rather than love, but Ishi, an address of affection. This may foretell the restoration from the Babylonish captivity; and also be applied to the conversion of the [[Jews]] to [[Christ]], in the days of the apostles, and the future general conversion of that nation; and [[believer]]s are enabled to expect infinitely more tenderness and kindness from their holy [[God]], than a beloved wife can expect from the kindest husband. When the people were weaned from [[idols]], and loved the [[Lord]], no creature should do them any harm. This may be understood of the blessings and privileges of the spiritual [[Israel]], of every true [[believer]], and their partaking of [[Christ]]'s righteousness; also, of the conversion of the [[Jews]] to [[Christ]]. Here is an argument for us to walk so that [[God]] may not be dishonoured by us: Thou art my people. If a man's family walk disorderly, it is a dishonour to the master. If [[God]] call us children, we may say, Thou art our [[God]]. Unbelieving soul, lay aside discouraging thoughts; do not thus answer [[God]]'s loving-kindness. Doth [[God]] say, Thou art my people? Say, [[Lord]], thou art our [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 3
The prophet enters into a new contract, representing the gracious manner in which [[God]] will again restore [[Israel]] under a new covenant.
Hos. 3:1-3 The dislike of men to true [[religion]] is because they love objects and forms, which allow them to indulge, instead of mortifying their lusts. How wonderful that a holy [[God]] should have good-will to those whose carnal mind is enmity against Him! Here is represented [[God]]'s gracious dealings with the fallen race of mankind, that had gone from him. This is the covenant of [[grace]] he is willing to enter into with them, they must be to him a people, and he will be to them a [[God]]. They must accept the punishment of their [[sin]], and must not return to folly. And it is a certain sign that our afflictions are means of good to us, when we are kept from being overcome by the [[temptations]] of an afflicted state.
Hos. 3:4-5 Here is the application of the parable to [[Israel]]. They must long sit like a widow, stripped of all joys and honours; but shall at length be received again. Those that would seek the [[Lord]] so as to find him, must apply to [[Christ]], and become his willing people. Not only are we to [[fear]] the [[Lord]] and his greatness, but the [[Lord]] and his goodness; not only his majesty, but his [[mercy]]. Even Jewish writers apply this passage to the promised [[Messiah]]; doubtless it foretold their future conversion to [[Christ]], for which they are kept a separate people. Though the first [[fear]] of [[God]] arise from a view of his holy majesty and righteous vengeance, yet the experience of [[mercy]] and [[grace]] through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], will lead the [[heart]] to reverence so kind and glorious a Friend and Father, and to [[fear]] offending him.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
[[God]]'s judgments against the sins of the people. (Hos. 4:1-5) and of the priests. (Hos. 4:6-11) Idolatry is reproved, and [[Judah]] is admonished. (Hos. 4:12-19)
Hos. 4:1-5 Hosea reproves for immorality, as well as [[idolatry]]. There was no truth, [[mercy]], or knowledge of [[God]] in the land: it was full of murders, II Kin. 21:16. Therefore calamities were near, which would desolate the country. Our sins, as separate persons, as a family, as a neighbourhood, as a nation, cause the [[Lord]] to have a controversy with us; let us submit and humble ourselves before Him, that he may not go on to destroy.
Hos. 4:6-11 Both priests and people rejected knowledge; [[God]] will justly reject them. They forgot the law of [[God]], neither desired nor endeavoured to retain it in mind, and to transmit the remembrance to their posterity; therefore [[God]] will justly forget them and their children. If we dishonour [[God]] with that which is our honour, it will, sooner or later, be turned into shame to us. Instead of warning the people against [[sin]], from the consideration of the sacrifices, which showed what an offence [[sin]] was to [[God]], since it needed an atonement, the priests encouraged the people to [[sin]], since atonement might be made at so small an expense. It is very wicked to be pleased with the sins of others, because they may turn to our advantage. What is unlawfully gained, cannot be comfortably used. The people and the priests hardened one another in sin; therefore justly shall they share in the punishment. Sharers in [[sin]] must expect to share in ruin. Any lust harboured in the heart, in time will eat out all its strength and vigour. That is the reason why many professors grow so heavy, so dull, so dead in the way of [[religion]]. They have a liking for some secret lust, which takes away their hearts.
Hos. 4:12-19 The people consulted images, and not the [[Divine]] word. This would lead to disorder and sin. Thus men prepare scourges for themselves, and vice is spread through a people. Let not [[Judah]] come near the idolatrous [[worship]] of [[Israel]]. For [[Israel]] was devoted to [[idols]], and must now be let alone. When sinners cast off the easy yoke of [[Christ]], they go on in [[sin]] till the [[Lord]] saith, Let them alone. Then they receive no more warnings, feel no more convictions: [[Satan]] takes full possession of them, and they ripen for destruction. It is a sad and sore judgment for any man to be let alone in sin. Those who are not disturbed in their [[sin]], will be destroyed for their sin. May we be kept from this awful state; for the wrath of [[God]], like a strong tempest, will soon hurry impenitent sinners into ruin.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
The [[Divine]] judgments against [[Israel]]. (Hos. 5:1-7) Approaching desolations threatened. (Hos. 5:8-15)
Hos. 5:1-7 The piercing eye of [[God]] saw secret liking and disposition to [[sin]], the [[love]] the house of [[Israel]] had to their sins, and the dominion their sins had over them. Pride makes men obstinate in other sins. And as [[Judah]] was treading in the same steps, they would fall with [[Israel]]. By dealing treacherously with the [[Lord]], men only deceive themselves. Those that go to seek the [[Lord]] with their flocks and their herds only, and not with their hearts and souls, cannot expect to find him; nor shall any speed who do not seek the [[Lord]] while he may be found. See how much it is our concern to seek [[God]] early, now, while it is the accepted time, and the day of [[salvation]].
Hos. 5:8-15 The destruction of impenitent sinners is not mere talk, to frighten them, it is a sentence which will not be recalled. And it is a [[mercy]] that we have timely warning given us, that we may flee from the wrath to come. Compliance with the [[commandments]] of men, who thwart the [[commandments]] of [[God]], ripens a people for ruin. The judgments of [[God]] are sometimes to a sinful people as a moth, and as rottenness, or as a worm; as these consume the clothes and the wood, so shall the judgments of [[God]] consume them. Silently, they shall think themselves safe and thriving, but when they look into their state, shall find themselves wasting and decaying. Slowly, for the [[Lord]] gives them space to repent. Many a nation; as well as many a person, dies of a consumption. Gradually, [[God]] comes upon sinners with lesser judgments, to prevent greater, if they will be wise, and take warning. When [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] found themselves in danger, they sought the protection of the [[Assyrians]], but this only helped to make their wound the worse. They would be forced to apply to [[God]]. He will bring them home to himself, by afflictions. When men begin to complain more of their sins than of their afflictions, then there begins to be some [[hope]] of them; and when under the conviction of [[sin]], and the corrections of the rod, we must seek the knowledge of [[God]]. Those who are led by severe trials to seek [[God]] earnestly and sincerely, will find him a present help and an effectual refuge; for with him is plenteous redemption for all who call upon him. There is solid [[peace]], and there only, where [[God]] is.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
An exhortation to repentance. (Hos. 6:1-3) [[Israel]]'s instability and breach of the covenant. (Hos. 6:4-11)
Hos. 6:1-3 Those who have gone from [[God]] by consent, and in a body, drawing one another to [[sin]], should, by consent and in a body, return to him, which will be for his glory, and their good. It will be of great use for support under afflictions, and to encourage our repentance, to keep up good thoughts of [[God]], and of his purposes and designs concerning us. Deliverance out of trouble should be to them as life from the dead. [[God]] will revive them: the assurance of this should engage them to return to him. But this seems to have a further reference to the resurrection of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Let us admire the wisdom and goodness of [[God]], that when the prophet foretold the deliverance of the [[church]] out of her troubles, he should point out our [[salvation]] by Christ; and now these words are fulfilled in the resurrection of [[Christ]], it confirms our faith, that this is He that should come and we are to look for no other. Here is a precious blessing promised; this is life eternal, to know [[God]]. The returns of the favour of [[God]] are secured to us as firmly as the return of the morning after a dark night. He shall come to us as the latter and former rain unto the earth, which refreshes it, and makes it fruitful. The [[grace]] of [[God]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is both the latter and the former rain; and by it the good work of our fruit-bearing is begun and carried on. And as the [[Redeemer]] was raised from the grave, so will He revive the hearts and hopes of all that [[trust]] in him. The feeblest glimpse of [[hope]] in his word, is a sure earnest of increasing light and comfort, which shall be attended with purifying, comforting [[grace]] that makes fruitful.
Hos. 6:4-11 Sometimes [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] seemed disposed to repent under their sufferings, but their goodness vanished like the empty morning cloud, and the early dew, and they were as vile as ever. Therefore the [[Lord]] sent awful messages by the prophets. The word of [[God]] will be the [[death]] either of the [[sin]] or of the sinner. [[God]] desired [[mercy]] rather than sacrifice, and that knowledge of him which produces holy [[fear]] and love. This exposes the folly of those who [[trust]] in outward observances, to make up for their want of [[love]] to [[God]] and man. As [[Adam]] broke the covenant of [[God]] in paradise, so [[Israel]] had broken his national covenant, notwithstanding all the favours they received. [[Judah]] also was ripe for [[Divine]] judgments. May the [[Lord]] put his [[fear]] into our hearts, and set up his kingdom within us, and never leave us to ourselves, nor suffer us to be overcome by temptation.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
The manifold sins of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 7:1-7) Their senselessness and hypocrisy. (Hos. 7:8-16)
Hos. 7:1-7 A practical disbelief of [[God]]'s government was at the bottom of all israel's wickedness; as if [[God]] could not see it or did not heed it. Their sins appear on every side of them. Their hearts were inflamed by evil desires, like a heated oven. In the midst of their troubles as a nation, the people never thought of seeking help from [[God]]. The actual wickedness of men's lives bears a very small proportion to what is in their hearts. But when lust is inwardly cherished, it will break forth into outward sin. Those who tempt others to drunkenness never can be their real friends, and often design their ruin. Thus men execute the [[Divine]] vengeance on each other. Those are not only heated with [[sin]], but hardened in [[sin]], who continue to live without [[prayer]], even when in trouble and distress.
Hos. 7:8-16 [[Israel]] was as a cake not turned, half burnt and half dough, none of it fit for use; a mixture of [[idolatry]] and of the [[worship]] of [[Jehovah]]. There were tokens of approaching ruin, as grey hairs are of old age, but they noticed them not. The pride which leads to break the law of [[God]] leads to self-flattery. The [[mercy]] and [[grace]] of [[God]] are the only refuge to which obstinate sinners never think of fleeing. Though they may howl forth their terrors in the form of [[prayer]]s, they seldom cry to [[God]] with their hearts. Even their [[prayer]]s for earthly mercies only seek fuel for their lusts. Their turning from one sect, sentiment, form, or vice, to another, still leaves them far short of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and [[holiness]]. Such are we by nature. And such shall we prove if left to ourselves. Create in us a clean heart, O [[God]], and renew a right spirit within us.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
Destruction threatened for the impiety of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 8:1-4) For their [[idolatry]]. (Hos. 8:5-10) Further threatenings for the same sins. (Hos. 8:11-14)
Hos. 8:1-4 When [[Israel]] was hard pressed, they would claim protection from [[God]], but this would be disregarded. What stead will it stand in to say, My [[God]], I know thee, if we cannot say, My [[God]], I [[love]] thee, serve thee, and cleave to thee only?
Hos. 8:5-10 They promised themselves plenty, [[peace]], and victory, by worshipping [[idols]], but their expectations came to nothing. What they sow has no stalk, no blade, or, if it have, the bud shall yield no fruit, there was nothing in them. The works of darkness are unfruitful; nay, the end of those things is death. The hopes of sinners will deceive them, and their gains will be snares. In times of danger, especially in the day of judgment, all carnal devices will fail. They take a course by themselves, and like a wild ass by himself, they will be the easier and surer prey for the lion. Man is in nothing more like the wild ass's colt, than in seeking for that succour and that satisfaction in the creature, which are to be had in [[God]] only. Though men may sorrow a little, yet if it is not after a godly sort, they will be brought to sorrow everlastingly.
Hos. 8:11-14 It is a great [[sin]] to corrupt the [[worship]] of [[God]], and will be charged as [[sin]] on all who do it, how plausible soever their excuses may seem to be. The [[Lord]] had caused his law to be written for them, but they cared not to know, and would not obey it. Man seems by the temples he builds to be mindful of his Maker, yet really he has forgotten him, because he has cast off all his fear; but none ever hardened his heart against [[God]] and prospered. So long as men despise the truths and precepts of [[God]]'s word, and the ordinances of his worship, all the observances and offerings, however costly, of their own devising, will be unto them for sin; for those services only are acceptable to [[God]], which are done according to his word, and through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 9
The distress to come upon [[Israel]]. (Hos. 9:1-6) The approach of the day of trouble. (Hos. 9:7-10) Judgments on [[Israel]]. (Hos. 9:11-17)
Hos. 9:1-6 [[Israel]] gave rewards to their [[idols]], in the offerings presented to them. It is common for those who are niggardly in [[religion]], to be prodigal upon their lusts. Those are reckoned as idolaters, who [[love]] a reward in the corn-floor better than a reward in the favour of [[God]] and in [[eternal life]]. They are full of the [[joy]] of harvest, and have no disposition to mourn for sin. When we make the world, and the things of it, our idol and our portion, it is just with [[God]] to show us our folly, and correct us. None may expect to dwell in the [[Lord]]'s land, who will not be subject to the [[Lord]]'s laws, or be influenced by his love. When we enjoy the means of grace, we ought to consider what we shall do, if they should be taken from us. While the pleasures of communion with [[God]] are out of the reach of change, the pleasant places purchased with silver, or in which men deposit silver, are liable to be laid in ruins. No famine is so dreadful as that of the soul.
Hos. 9:7-10 Time had been when the spiritual watchmen of [[Israel]] were with the [[Lord]], but now they were like the snare of a fowler to entangle persons to their ruin. The people were become as corrupt as those of Gibeah, Judg. 19; and their crimes should be visited in like manner. At first [[God]] had found [[Israel]] pleasing to Him, as grapes to the traveller in the wilderness. He saw them with pleasure as the first ripe figs. This shows the delight [[God]] took in them; yet they followed after [[idolatry]].
Hos. 9:11-17. [[God]] departs from a people, or from a person, when he withdraws his goodness and [[mercy]] from them; and when the [[Lord]] is departed, what can the creature do? Even though, for the present, good things seem to remain, yet the blessing is gone if [[God]] is gone. Even the [[children]] should perish with the parents. The [[Divine]] wrath dries up the root, and withers the fruit of all comforts; and the scattered [[Jews]] daily warn us to beware, lest we neglect or abuse the [[gospel]]. Yet every smiting is not a drying up of the root. It may be that [[God]] intends only to smite so that the sap may be turned to the root, that there may be more of root graces, more humility, patience, faith, and self-denial. It is very just that [[God]] should bring judgments on those who slight his offered [[mercy]].
----
'''Chapter''' 10
The [[idolatry]] of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 10:1-8) They are exhorted to repentance. (Hos. 10:9-15)
Hos. 10:1-8 A vine is only valuable for its fruit; but [[Israel]] now brought no fruit to perfection. Their hearts were divided. [[God]] is the Sovereign of the heart; he will have all, or none. Were the stream of the [[heart]] wholly after [[God]], it would run strongly, and bear down all before it. Their pretences to covenant with [[God]] were false. Even the proceeding of justice was as poisonous hemlock. Alas, how empty a vine is the visible [[church]] even at this day! But all earthly prosperity is but a collection of bubbles, soon destroyed like foam upon the water. Sinners will in vain seek shelter from that Judge, whom they now despise as a [[Saviour]].
Hos. 10:9-15 Because [[God]] does not desire the [[death]] and ruin of sinners, therefore in [[mercy]] he desires their chastisement. The [[children]] of iniquity still remained in [[Israel]]. The enemies would be gathered against them. It is just with [[God]] to make those know what hardships mean, who indulge themselves in ease and pleasure. Let them cleanse their hearts from all corrupt affections and lusts, and be a broken and contrite spirit. Let them abound in works of piety towards [[God]], and of justice and charity towards one another: herein let them sow to the Spirit. Seeking the [[Lord]] is to be every day's work, but there are special occasions when to seek him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall come as the [[Lord]] our righteousness, and grant us of it abundantly. If we sow in righteousness, we shall reap according to [[mercy]]; a reward not of debt, but of grace. Even the gains of [[sin]] yield the sinner no satisfaction. As our comforts, so our confidences in the service of [[sin]] will certainly fail us. Come and seek the [[Lord]], and thy [[hope]] in him shall not deceive thee. See what cruel work war makes. Whatever mischief is done, it is [[sin]] that does it. What miseries men's sins bring on them, even in this world!
----
'''Chapter''' 11
[[God]]'s regard for [[Israel]]; their ingratitude. (Hos. 11:1-7) The Divine [[mercy]] yet in store. (Hos. 11:8-12)
Hos. 11:1-7 When [[Israel]] were weak and helpless as children, foolish and froward as children, then [[God]] loved them; he bore them as the nurse does the sucking child, nourished them, and suffered their manners. All who are grown up, ought often to reflect upon the goodness of [[God]] to them in their childhood. He took care of them, took pains with them, not only as a father, or a tutor, but as a mother, or nurse. When they were in the wilderness, [[God]] showed them the way in which they should go, and bore them up, taking them by the arms. He taught them the way of his [[commandments]] by the ceremonial law given by [[Moses]]. He took them by the arms, to guide them, that they might not stray, and to hold them up, that they might not stumble and fall. [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] are all thus supported. It is [[God]]'s work to draw poor souls to himself; and none can come to him except he draw them. With bands of love; this word signifies stronger cords than the former. He eased them of the burdens they had long groaned under. [[Israel]] is very ungrateful to [[God]]. [[God]]'s counsels would have saved them, but their own counsels ruined them. They backslide; there is no hold of them, no stedfastness in them. They backslide from me, from [[God]], the chief good. They are bent to backslide; they are ready to sin; they are forward to close with every temptation. Their hearts are fully set in them to do evil. Those only are truly happy, whom the [[Lord]] teaches by his Spirit, upholds by his power, and causes to walk in his ways. By his [[grace]] he takes away the [[love]] and dominion of [[sin]], and creates a desire for the blessed feast of the [[gospel]], that they may feed thereon, and live for ever.
Hos. 11:8-12 [[God]] is slow to anger, and is loth to abandon a people to utter ruin, who have been called by his name. When [[God]] was to give a sacrifice for [[sin]], and a [[Saviour]] for sinners, he spared not his own Son, that he might spare us. This is the language of the day of his patience; but when men [[sin]] that away, then the great day of his wrath comes. Man's compassions are nothing in comparison with the tender mercies of our [[God]], whose thoughts and ways, in receiving returning sinners, are as much above ours as heaven is above the earth. [[God]] knows how to [[pardon]] poor sinners. He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and therein declares his righteousness, now [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has purchased the [[pardon]] , and he has promised it. Holy trembling at the word of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will draw us to him, not drive us from him, the children tremble, and flee to him. And all that come at the [[gospel]] call, shall have a place and a name in the [[gospel]] [[church]]. The religious service of [[Israel]] were mere hypocrisy, but in [[Judah]] regard was had to [[God]]'s laws, and the people followed their pious forefathers. Let us be faithful: those who thus honour [[God]], he will honour, but such us despise Him shall be lightly esteemed.
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'''Chapter''' 12
[[Judah]] and [[Israel]] reminded of the [[Divine]] favours. (Hos. 12:1-6) The provocations of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 12:7-14)
Hos. 12:1-6 Ephraim feeds himself with vain hopes of help from man, when he is at enmity with [[God]]. The [[Jews]] vainly thought to secure the [[Egyptians]] by a present of the produce of their country. [[Judah]] is contended with also. [[God]] sees the [[sin]] of his own people, and will reckon with them for it. They are put in mind of what [[Jacob]] did, and what [[God]] did for him. When his [[faith]] upon the [[Divine]] promise prevailed above his fears, then by his strength he had power with [[God]]. He is [[Jehovah]], the same that was, and is, and is to come. What was a revelation of [[God]] to one, is his memorial to many, to all generations. Then let those who have gone from [[God]], be turned to him. Turn thou to the [[Lord]], by [[Repentance|repentance]] and faith, as thy [[God]]. Let those that are converted to him, walk with him in all holy conversation and [[godliness]]. Let us wrestle with Him for promised blessings, determined not to give over till we prevail; and let us seek Him in his ordinances.
Hos. 12:7-14 Ephraim became a merchant: the word also signifies a Canaanite. They carried on trade upon Canaanitish principles, covetously and with fraud and deceit. Thus they became rich, and falsely supposed that Providence favoured them. But shameful sins shall have shameful punishments. Let them remember, not only what a mighty prince [[Jacob]] was with [[God]], but what a servant he was to Laban. The benefits we have had from the word of [[God]], make our [[sin]] and folly the worse, if we put any slight upon that word. We had better follow the hardest labour in poverty, than grow rich by sin. We may form a judgment of our own conduct, by comparing it with that of ancient [[believer]]s in the like circumstances. Whoever despises the message of [[God]], will perish. May we all hear his word with humble, obedient faith.
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'''Chapter''' 13
The abuse of [[God]]'s favour leads to punishment. (Hos. 13:1-8) A promise of [[God]]'s [[mercy]]. (Hos. 13:9-16)
Hos. 13:1-8 While Ephraim kept up a holy [[fear]] of [[God]], and worshipped Him in that fear, so long he was very considerable. When Ephraim forsook [[God]], and followed [[idolatry]], he sunk. Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves, in token of their adoration of them, affection for them, and obedience to them; but the [[Lord]] will not give his [[glory]] to another, and therefore all that [[worship]] images shall be confounded. No solid, lasting comfort, is to be expected any where but in [[God]]. [[God]] not only took care of the [[Israelites]] in the wilderness, he put them in possession of Canaan, a good land; but worldly prosperity, when it feeds men's pride, makes them forgetful of [[God]]. Therefore the [[Lord]] would meet them in just vengeance, as the most terrible beast that inhabited their forests. Abused goodness calls for greater severity.
Hos. 13:9-16 [[Israel]] had destroyed himself by his rebellion; but he could not save himself, his help was from the [[Lord]] only. This may well be applied to the case of spiritual redemption, from that lost state into which all have fallen by wilful sins. [[God]] often gives in displeasure what we sinfully desire. It is the happiness of the saints, that, whether [[God]] gives or takes away, all is in love. But it is the misery of the wicked, that, whether [[God]] gives or takes away, it is all in wrath, nothing is comfortable. Except sinners repent and believe the [[gospel]], anguish will soon come upon them. The prophecy of the ruin of [[Israel]] as a nation, also showed there would be a merciful and powerful interposition of [[God]], to save a remnant of them. Yet this was but a shadow of the ransom of the true [[Israel]], by the death, burial, and resurrection of [[Christ]]. He will destroy [[death]] and the grave. The [[Lord]] would not repent of his purpose and promise. Yet, in the mean time, [[Israel]] would be desolated for her sins. Without fruitfulness in good works, springing from the [[Holy Spirit]], all other fruitfulness will be found as empty as the uncertain riches of the world. The wrath of [[God]] will wither its branches, its sprigs shall be dried up, it shall come to nothing. Woes, more terrible than any from the most cruel warfare, shall fall on those who rebel against [[God]]. From such miseries, and from [[sin]], the cause of them, may the [[Lord]] deliver us.
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'''Chapter''' 14
An exhortation to repentance. (Hos. 14:1-3) Blessings promised, showing the rich comforts of the [[gospel]]. (Hos. 14:4-8) The just and the wicked. (Hos. 14:9)
Hos. 14:1-3 [[Israel]] is exhorted to return unto [[Jehovah]], from their sins and [[idols]], by [[faith]] in his [[mercy]], and [[grace]] through the promised [[Redeemer]], and by diligently attending on his [[worship]] and service. Take away iniquity; lift it off as a burden we are ready to sink under, or as the stumbling-block we have often fallen over. Take it all away by a free and full forgiveness, for we cannot strike any of it off. Receive our [[prayer]] graciously. They do not say what good they seek, but refer it to [[God]]. It is not good of the world's showing, but good of [[God]]'s giving. They were to consider their sins, their wants, and the remedy; and they were to take, not sacrifices, but words stating the desires of their hearts, and with them to address the [[Lord]]. The whole forms a clear description of the nature and tendency of a sinner's conversion to [[God]] through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. As we draw near to [[God]] by the [[prayer]] of faith, we should first beseech him to teach us what to ask. We must be earnest with him to take away all iniquity.
Hos. 14:4-8 [[Israel]] seeks [[God]]'s face, and they shall not seek it in vain. His [[anger]] is turned from them. Whom [[God]] loves, he loves freely; not because they deserve it, but of his own good pleasure. [[God]] will be to them all they need. The graces of the [[Spirit]] are the hidden manna, hidden in the dew; the [[grace]] thus freely bestowed on them shall not be in vain. They shall grow upward, and be more flourishing; shall grow as the lily. The lily, when come to its height, is a lovely flower, Matt. 6:28,29. They shall grow downward, and be more firm. With the flower of the lily shall be the strong root of the cedar of Lebanon. Spiritual growth consists most in the growth of the root, which is out of sight. They shall also spread as the vine, whose branches extend very widely. When [[believer]]s abound in good works, then their branches spread. They shall be acceptable both to [[God]] and man. Holiness is the beauty of a soul. The [[church]] is compared to the vine and the olive, which bring forth useful fruits. [[God]]'s promises pertain to those only that attend on his ordinances; not such as flee to this shadow only for shelter in a hot gleam, but all who dwell under it. When a man is brought to [[God]], all who dwell under his shadow fare the better. The sanctifying fruits shall appear in his life. Thus [[believer]]s grow up into the experience and fruitfulness of the [[gospel]]. Ephraim shall say, [[God]] will put it into his [[heart]] to say it, What have I to do any more with [[idols]]! [[God]]'s promises to us are more our security and our strength for mortifying [[sin]], than our promises to [[God]]. See the power of [[Divine]] grace. [[God]] will work such a change in him, that he shall loathe the [[idols]] as much as ever he loved them. See the benefit of sanctified afflictions. Ephraim smarted for his [[idolatry]], and this is the fruit, even the taking away his [[sin]], Is. 27:9. See the nature of repentance; it is a firm and fixed resolution to have no more to do with sin. The [[Lord]] meets penitents with [[mercy]], as the father of the prodigal met his returning son. [[God]] will be to all true converts both a delight and a defence; they shall sit under his shadow with delight. And as the root of a tree; From me is thy fruit found: from Him we receive [[grace]] and strength to enable us to do our duty.
Hos. 14:9 Who profit by the truths the prophet delivered? Such as set themselves to understand and know these things. The ways of [[God]]'s providence towards us are right; all is well done. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Foundation Stone to some, to others a Stone of stumbling, and a Rock of offence. That which was ordained to life, becomes, through their abuse of it, [[death]] to them. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. But those transgressors certainly have the most dangerous, fatal falls, who fall in the ways of [[God]], who split on the Rock of Ages, and suck poison out of the Balm of Gilead. Let sinners in [[Zion]] [[fear]] this. May we learn to walk in the right ways of [[God]], as his righteous servants, and may none of us be disobedient and unbelieving, and stumble at the word.
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topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Hosea |
subtopics = The Prophet [[Hosea]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Hosea, Prophecies of|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Hosea]] |
}}
Read the book of [[Hosea]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Hosea 1|1]]
[[Hosea 2|2]]
[[Hosea 3|3]]
[[Hosea 4|4]]
[[Hosea 5|5]]
[[Hosea 6|6]]
[[Hosea 7|7]]
[[Hosea 8|8]]
[[Hosea 9|9]]
[[Hosea 10|10]]
[[Hosea 11|11]]
[[Hosea 12|12]]
[[Hosea 13|13]]
[[Hosea 14|14]]
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'''Commentary on the book of [[Hosea]]'''
Hosea is supposed to have been of the kingdom of [[Israel]]. He lived and prophesied during a long period. The scope of his predictions appears to be, to detect, reprove, and convince the Jewish nation in general, and the [[Israelites]] in particular, of their many sins, particularly their [[idolatry]]: the corrupt state of the kingdom is also noticed. But he invites them to repentance, with promises of [[mercy]], and [[gospel]] predictions of the future restoration of the [[Israelites]] and of the [[Jews]], and their final conversion to [[Christianity]].
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'''Chapter''' 1
Under a figure, is represented the shameful [[idolatry]] of the ten tribes. (Hos. 1:1-7) The calling of the [[Gentiles]], and the uniting [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] under the [[Messiah]]. (Hos. 1:8-11)
Hos. 1:1-7 [[Israel]] was prosperous, yet then Hosea boldly tells them of their sins, and foretells their destruction. Men are not to be flattered in sinful ways because they prosper in the world; nor will it last long if they go on still in their trespasses. The prophet must show [[Israel]] their sin; show it to be exceedingly hateful. Their [[idolatry]] is the [[sin]] they are here charged with. Giving that [[glory]] to any creature which is due to [[God]] alone, is an injury and affront to [[God]]; such as for a wife to take a stranger, is to her husband. The [[Lord]], doubtless, had good reasons for giving such a command to the prophet; it would form an affecting picture of the [[Lord]]'s unmerited goodness and unwearied patience, and of the perVerseness and ingratitude of [[Israel]]. We should be broken and wearied with half that perVerseness from others, with which we try the patience and grieve the [[Spirit]] of our [[God]]. Let us also be ready to bear any cross the [[Lord]] appoints. The prophet must show the ruin of the people, in the names given to his children. He foretells the fall of the royal family in the name of his first child: call his name Jezreel, which signifies "dispersion." He foretells [[God]]'s abandoning the nation in the name of the second child; Lo-ruhamah, "not beloved," or "not having obtained [[mercy]]." [[God]] showed great [[mercy]], but [[Israel]] abused his favours. Sin turns away the [[mercy]] of [[God]], even from [[Israel]], his own professing people. If [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]] is denied, no other [[mercy]] can be expected. Though some, through unbelief, are broken off, yet [[God]] will have a [[church]] in this [[world]] till the end of time. Our [[salvation]] is owing to [[God]]'s [[mercy]], not to any merit of our own. That [[salvation]] is sure, of which he is the Author; and if he will work, none shall hinder.
Hos. 1:8-11 The rejection of [[Israel]] for a time, is signified by the name of another child: call him Lo-ammi, "not my people." The [[Lord]] disowns all relation to them. We [[love]] him, because he first loved us; but our being cast out of covenant, is owing to ourselves and our folly. Mercy is remembered in the midst of wrath; the rejection, as it shall not be total, so it shall not be final. The same hand that wounded, is stretched forth to heal. Very precious promises are here given concerning the [[Israel]] of [[God]], and they may be of use to us now. Some think that these promises will not have accomplishment in full, till the general conversion of the [[Jews]] in the latter days. Also this promise is applied to the [[gospel]], and the bringing in both the [[Jews]] and [[Gentiles]] to it, by St. Paul, Rom. 9:25,26, and by St. [[ Peter]], I Pet. 2:10. To believe in [[Christ]], is to have him for our Head, and willingly to commit ourselves to his guidance and government. And let us pray for the coming of the glorious day, when there shall be one [[Lord]] through all the earth.
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'''Chapter''' 2
The [[idolatry]] of the people. (Hos. 2:1-5) [[God]]'s judgments against them. (Hos. 2:6-13) His promises of reconciliation. (Hos. 2:14-23)
Hos. 2:1-5 This Chapter continues the figurative address to [[Israel]], in reference to Hosea's wife and children. Let us own and [[love]] as brethren, all whom the [[Lord]] seems to put among his children, and encourage them in that they have received [[mercy]]. But every [[Christian]], by his example and conduct, must protest against evil and abuses, even among those to whom he belongs and owes respect. Impenitent sinners will soon be stripped of the advantages they misuse, and which they consume upon their lusts.
Hos. 2:6-13 [[God]] threatens what he would do with this treacherous, idolatrous people. They did not turn, therefore all this came upon them; and it is written for admonition to us. If lesser difficulties be got over, [[God]] will raise greater. The most resolute in sinful pursuits, are commonly most crossed in them. The way of [[God]] and duty is often hedged about with thorns, but we have reason to think it is a sinful way that is hedged up with thorns. Crosses and obstacles in an evil course are great blessings, and are to be so accounted; they are [[God]]'s hedges, to keep us from transgressing, to make the way of sin difficult, and to keep us from it. We have reason to bless [[God]] for restraining grace, and for restraining providences; and even for sore pain, sickness, or calamity, if it keeps us from sin. The disappointments we meet with in seeking for satisfaction from the creature, should, if nothing else will do it, drive us to the Creator. When men forget, or consider not that their comforts come from [[God]], he will often in [[mercy]] take them away, to bring them to think upon their folly and danger. Sin and mirth can never hold long together; but if men will not take away [[sin]] from their mirth, [[God]] will take away mirth from their sin. And if men destroy [[God]]'s word and ordinances, it is just with him to destroy their vines and fig-trees. This shall be the ruin of their mirth. Taking away the solemn seasons and the sabbaths will not do it, they will readily part with them, and think it no loss; but He will take away their sensual pleasures. Days of sinful mirth must be visited with days of mourning.
Hos. 2:14-23 After these judgments the [[Lord]] would deal with [[Israel]] more gently. By the promise of rest in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] we are invited to take his yoke upon us; and the work of conversion may be forwarded by comforts as well as by convictions. But usually the [[Lord]] drives us to despair of earthly joy, and help from ourselves, that, being shut from every other door, we may knock at Mercy's gate. From that time [[Israel]] would be more truly attached to the [[Lord]]; no longer calling him [[Text:EBD:Baal|Baal]]i, or "My lord and master," alluding to authority, rather than love, but Ishi, an address of affection. This may foretell the restoration from the Babylonish captivity; and also be applied to the conversion of the [[Jews]] to [[Christ]], in the days of the apostles, and the future general conversion of that nation; and [[believer]]s are enabled to expect infinitely more tenderness and kindness from their holy [[God]], than a beloved wife can expect from the kindest husband. When the people were weaned from [[idols]], and loved the [[Lord]], no creature should do them any harm. This may be understood of the blessings and privileges of the spiritual [[Israel]], of every true [[believer]], and their partaking of [[Christ]]'s righteousness; also, of the conversion of the [[Jews]] to [[Christ]]. Here is an argument for us to walk so that [[God]] may not be dishonoured by us: Thou art my people. If a man's family walk disorderly, it is a dishonour to the master. If [[God]] call us children, we may say, Thou art our [[God]]. Unbelieving soul, lay aside discouraging thoughts; do not thus answer [[God]]'s loving-kindness. Doth [[God]] say, Thou art my people? Say, [[Lord]], thou art our [[God]].
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'''Chapter''' 3
The prophet enters into a new contract, representing the gracious manner in which [[God]] will again restore [[Israel]] under a new covenant.
Hos. 3:1-3 The dislike of men to true [[religion]] is because they love objects and forms, which allow them to indulge, instead of mortifying their lusts. How wonderful that a holy [[God]] should have good-will to those whose carnal mind is enmity against Him! Here is represented [[God]]'s gracious dealings with the fallen race of mankind, that had gone from him. This is the covenant of [[grace]] he is willing to enter into with them, they must be to him a people, and he will be to them a [[God]]. They must accept the punishment of their [[sin]], and must not return to folly. And it is a certain sign that our afflictions are means of good to us, when we are kept from being overcome by the [[temptations]] of an afflicted state.
Hos. 3:4-5 Here is the application of the parable to [[Israel]]. They must long sit like a widow, stripped of all joys and honours; but shall at length be received again. Those that would seek the [[Lord]] so as to find him, must apply to [[Christ]], and become his willing people. Not only are we to [[fear]] the [[Lord]] and his greatness, but the [[Lord]] and his goodness; not only his majesty, but his [[mercy]]. Even Jewish writers apply this passage to the promised [[Messiah]]; doubtless it foretold their future conversion to [[Christ]], for which they are kept a separate people. Though the first [[fear]] of [[God]] arise from a view of his holy majesty and righteous vengeance, yet the experience of [[mercy]] and [[grace]] through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], will lead the [[heart]] to reverence so kind and glorious a Friend and Father, and to [[fear]] offending him.
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'''Chapter''' 4
[[God]]'s judgments against the sins of the people. (Hos. 4:1-5) and of the priests. (Hos. 4:6-11) Idolatry is reproved, and [[Judah]] is admonished. (Hos. 4:12-19)
Hos. 4:1-5 Hosea reproves for immorality, as well as [[idolatry]]. There was no truth, [[mercy]], or knowledge of [[God]] in the land: it was full of murders, II Kin. 21:16. Therefore calamities were near, which would desolate the country. Our sins, as separate persons, as a family, as a neighbourhood, as a nation, cause the [[Lord]] to have a controversy with us; let us submit and humble ourselves before Him, that he may not go on to destroy.
Hos. 4:6-11 Both priests and people rejected knowledge; [[God]] will justly reject them. They forgot the law of [[God]], neither desired nor endeavoured to retain it in mind, and to transmit the remembrance to their posterity; therefore [[God]] will justly forget them and their children. If we dishonour [[God]] with that which is our honour, it will, sooner or later, be turned into shame to us. Instead of warning the people against [[sin]], from the consideration of the sacrifices, which showed what an offence [[sin]] was to [[God]], since it needed an atonement, the priests encouraged the people to [[sin]], since atonement might be made at so small an expense. It is very wicked to be pleased with the sins of others, because they may turn to our advantage. What is unlawfully gained, cannot be comfortably used. The people and the priests hardened one another in sin; therefore justly shall they share in the punishment. Sharers in [[sin]] must expect to share in ruin. Any lust harboured in the heart, in time will eat out all its strength and vigour. That is the reason why many professors grow so heavy, so dull, so dead in the way of [[religion]]. They have a liking for some secret lust, which takes away their hearts.
Hos. 4:12-19 The people consulted images, and not the [[Divine]] word. This would lead to disorder and sin. Thus men prepare scourges for themselves, and vice is spread through a people. Let not [[Judah]] come near the idolatrous [[worship]] of [[Israel]]. For [[Israel]] was devoted to [[idols]], and must now be let alone. When sinners cast off the easy yoke of [[Christ]], they go on in [[sin]] till the [[Lord]] saith, Let them alone. Then they receive no more warnings, feel no more convictions: [[Satan]] takes full possession of them, and they ripen for destruction. It is a sad and sore judgment for any man to be let alone in sin. Those who are not disturbed in their [[sin]], will be destroyed for their sin. May we be kept from this awful state; for the wrath of [[God]], like a strong tempest, will soon hurry impenitent sinners into ruin.
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'''Chapter''' 5
The [[Divine]] judgments against [[Israel]]. (Hos. 5:1-7) Approaching desolations threatened. (Hos. 5:8-15)
Hos. 5:1-7 The piercing eye of [[God]] saw secret liking and disposition to [[sin]], the [[love]] the house of [[Israel]] had to their sins, and the dominion their sins had over them. Pride makes men obstinate in other sins. And as [[Judah]] was treading in the same steps, they would fall with [[Israel]]. By dealing treacherously with the [[Lord]], men only deceive themselves. Those that go to seek the [[Lord]] with their flocks and their herds only, and not with their hearts and souls, cannot expect to find him; nor shall any speed who do not seek the [[Lord]] while he may be found. See how much it is our concern to seek [[God]] early, now, while it is the accepted time, and the day of [[salvation]].
Hos. 5:8-15 The destruction of impenitent sinners is not mere talk, to frighten them, it is a sentence which will not be recalled. And it is a [[mercy]] that we have timely warning given us, that we may flee from the wrath to come. Compliance with the [[commandments]] of men, who thwart the [[commandments]] of [[God]], ripens a people for ruin. The judgments of [[God]] are sometimes to a sinful people as a moth, and as rottenness, or as a worm; as these consume the clothes and the wood, so shall the judgments of [[God]] consume them. Silently, they shall think themselves safe and thriving, but when they look into their state, shall find themselves wasting and decaying. Slowly, for the [[Lord]] gives them space to repent. Many a nation; as well as many a person, dies of a consumption. Gradually, [[God]] comes upon sinners with lesser judgments, to prevent greater, if they will be wise, and take warning. When [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] found themselves in danger, they sought the protection of the [[Assyrians]], but this only helped to make their wound the worse. They would be forced to apply to [[God]]. He will bring them home to himself, by afflictions. When men begin to complain more of their sins than of their afflictions, then there begins to be some [[hope]] of them; and when under the conviction of [[sin]], and the corrections of the rod, we must seek the knowledge of [[God]]. Those who are led by severe trials to seek [[God]] earnestly and sincerely, will find him a present help and an effectual refuge; for with him is plenteous redemption for all who call upon him. There is solid [[peace]], and there only, where [[God]] is.
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'''Chapter''' 6
An exhortation to repentance. (Hos. 6:1-3) [[Israel]]'s instability and breach of the covenant. (Hos. 6:4-11)
Hos. 6:1-3 Those who have gone from [[God]] by consent, and in a body, drawing one another to [[sin]], should, by consent and in a body, return to him, which will be for his glory, and their good. It will be of great use for support under afflictions, and to encourage our repentance, to keep up good thoughts of [[God]], and of his purposes and designs concerning us. Deliverance out of trouble should be to them as life from the dead. [[God]] will revive them: the assurance of this should engage them to return to him. But this seems to have a further reference to the resurrection of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Let us admire the wisdom and goodness of [[God]], that when the prophet foretold the deliverance of the [[church]] out of her troubles, he should point out our [[salvation]] by Christ; and now these words are fulfilled in the resurrection of [[Christ]], it confirms our faith, that this is He that should come and we are to look for no other. Here is a precious blessing promised; this is life eternal, to know [[God]]. The returns of the favour of [[God]] are secured to us as firmly as the return of the morning after a dark night. He shall come to us as the latter and former rain unto the earth, which refreshes it, and makes it fruitful. The [[grace]] of [[God]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is both the latter and the former rain; and by it the good work of our fruit-bearing is begun and carried on. And as the [[Redeemer]] was raised from the grave, so will He revive the hearts and hopes of all that [[trust]] in him. The feeblest glimpse of [[hope]] in his word, is a sure earnest of increasing light and comfort, which shall be attended with purifying, comforting [[grace]] that makes fruitful.
Hos. 6:4-11 Sometimes [[Israel]] and [[Judah]] seemed disposed to repent under their sufferings, but their goodness vanished like the empty morning cloud, and the early dew, and they were as vile as ever. Therefore the [[Lord]] sent awful messages by the prophets. The word of [[God]] will be the [[death]] either of the [[sin]] or of the sinner. [[God]] desired [[mercy]] rather than sacrifice, and that knowledge of him which produces holy [[fear]] and love. This exposes the folly of those who [[trust]] in outward observances, to make up for their want of [[love]] to [[God]] and man. As [[Adam]] broke the covenant of [[God]] in paradise, so [[Israel]] had broken his national covenant, notwithstanding all the favours they received. [[Judah]] also was ripe for [[Divine]] judgments. May the [[Lord]] put his [[fear]] into our hearts, and set up his kingdom within us, and never leave us to ourselves, nor suffer us to be overcome by temptation.
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'''Chapter''' 7
The manifold sins of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 7:1-7) Their senselessness and hypocrisy. (Hos. 7:8-16)
Hos. 7:1-7 A practical disbelief of [[God]]'s government was at the bottom of all israel's wickedness; as if [[God]] could not see it or did not heed it. Their sins appear on every side of them. Their hearts were inflamed by evil desires, like a heated oven. In the midst of their troubles as a nation, the people never thought of seeking help from [[God]]. The actual wickedness of men's lives bears a very small proportion to what is in their hearts. But when lust is inwardly cherished, it will break forth into outward sin. Those who tempt others to drunkenness never can be their real friends, and often design their ruin. Thus men execute the [[Divine]] vengeance on each other. Those are not only heated with [[sin]], but hardened in [[sin]], who continue to live without [[prayer]], even when in trouble and distress.
Hos. 7:8-16 [[Israel]] was as a cake not turned, half burnt and half dough, none of it fit for use; a mixture of [[idolatry]] and of the [[worship]] of [[Jehovah]]. There were tokens of approaching ruin, as grey hairs are of old age, but they noticed them not. The pride which leads to break the law of [[God]] leads to self-flattery. The [[mercy]] and [[grace]] of [[God]] are the only refuge to which obstinate sinners never think of fleeing. Though they may howl forth their terrors in the form of [[prayer]]s, they seldom cry to [[God]] with their hearts. Even their [[prayer]]s for earthly mercies only seek fuel for their lusts. Their turning from one sect, sentiment, form, or vice, to another, still leaves them far short of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and [[holiness]]. Such are we by nature. And such shall we prove if left to ourselves. Create in us a clean heart, O [[God]], and renew a right spirit within us.
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'''Chapter''' 8
Destruction threatened for the impiety of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 8:1-4) For their [[idolatry]]. (Hos. 8:5-10) Further threatenings for the same sins. (Hos. 8:11-14)
Hos. 8:1-4 When [[Israel]] was hard pressed, they would claim protection from [[God]], but this would be disregarded. What stead will it stand in to say, My [[God]], I know thee, if we cannot say, My [[God]], I [[love]] thee, serve thee, and cleave to thee only?
Hos. 8:5-10 They promised themselves plenty, [[peace]], and victory, by worshipping [[idols]], but their expectations came to nothing. What they sow has no stalk, no blade, or, if it have, the bud shall yield no fruit, there was nothing in them. The works of darkness are unfruitful; nay, the end of those things is death. The hopes of sinners will deceive them, and their gains will be snares. In times of danger, especially in the day of judgment, all carnal devices will fail. They take a course by themselves, and like a wild ass by himself, they will be the easier and surer prey for the lion. Man is in nothing more like the wild ass's colt, than in seeking for that succour and that satisfaction in the creature, which are to be had in [[God]] only. Though men may sorrow a little, yet if it is not after a godly sort, they will be brought to sorrow everlastingly.
Hos. 8:11-14 It is a great [[sin]] to corrupt the [[worship]] of [[God]], and will be charged as [[sin]] on all who do it, how plausible soever their excuses may seem to be. The [[Lord]] had caused his law to be written for them, but they cared not to know, and would not obey it. Man seems by the temples he builds to be mindful of his Maker, yet really he has forgotten him, because he has cast off all his fear; but none ever hardened his heart against [[God]] and prospered. So long as men despise the truths and precepts of [[God]]'s word, and the ordinances of his worship, all the observances and offerings, however costly, of their own devising, will be unto them for sin; for those services only are acceptable to [[God]], which are done according to his word, and through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
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'''Chapter''' 9
The distress to come upon [[Israel]]. (Hos. 9:1-6) The approach of the day of trouble. (Hos. 9:7-10) Judgments on [[Israel]]. (Hos. 9:11-17)
Hos. 9:1-6 [[Israel]] gave rewards to their [[idols]], in the offerings presented to them. It is common for those who are niggardly in [[religion]], to be prodigal upon their lusts. Those are reckoned as idolaters, who [[love]] a reward in the corn-floor better than a reward in the favour of [[God]] and in [[eternal life]]. They are full of the [[joy]] of harvest, and have no disposition to mourn for sin. When we make the world, and the things of it, our idol and our portion, it is just with [[God]] to show us our folly, and correct us. None may expect to dwell in the [[Lord]]'s land, who will not be subject to the [[Lord]]'s laws, or be influenced by his love. When we enjoy the means of grace, we ought to consider what we shall do, if they should be taken from us. While the pleasures of communion with [[God]] are out of the reach of change, the pleasant places purchased with silver, or in which men deposit silver, are liable to be laid in ruins. No famine is so dreadful as that of the soul.
Hos. 9:7-10 Time had been when the spiritual watchmen of [[Israel]] were with the [[Lord]], but now they were like the snare of a fowler to entangle persons to their ruin. The people were become as corrupt as those of Gibeah, Judg. 19; and their crimes should be visited in like manner. At first [[God]] had found [[Israel]] pleasing to Him, as grapes to the traveller in the wilderness. He saw them with pleasure as the first ripe figs. This shows the delight [[God]] took in them; yet they followed after [[idolatry]].
Hos. 9:11-17. [[God]] departs from a people, or from a person, when he withdraws his goodness and [[mercy]] from them; and when the [[Lord]] is departed, what can the creature do? Even though, for the present, good things seem to remain, yet the blessing is gone if [[God]] is gone. Even the [[children]] should perish with the parents. The [[Divine]] wrath dries up the root, and withers the fruit of all comforts; and the scattered [[Jews]] daily warn us to beware, lest we neglect or abuse the [[gospel]]. Yet every smiting is not a drying up of the root. It may be that [[God]] intends only to smite so that the sap may be turned to the root, that there may be more of root graces, more humility, patience, faith, and self-denial. It is very just that [[God]] should bring judgments on those who slight his offered [[mercy]].
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'''Chapter''' 10
The [[idolatry]] of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 10:1-8) They are exhorted to repentance. (Hos. 10:9-15)
Hos. 10:1-8 A vine is only valuable for its fruit; but [[Israel]] now brought no fruit to perfection. Their hearts were divided. [[God]] is the Sovereign of the heart; he will have all, or none. Were the stream of the [[heart]] wholly after [[God]], it would run strongly, and bear down all before it. Their pretences to covenant with [[God]] were false. Even the proceeding of justice was as poisonous hemlock. Alas, how empty a vine is the visible [[church]] even at this day! But all earthly prosperity is but a collection of bubbles, soon destroyed like foam upon the water. Sinners will in vain seek shelter from that Judge, whom they now despise as a [[Saviour]].
Hos. 10:9-15 Because [[God]] does not desire the [[death]] and ruin of sinners, therefore in [[mercy]] he desires their chastisement. The [[children]] of iniquity still remained in [[Israel]]. The enemies would be gathered against them. It is just with [[God]] to make those know what hardships mean, who indulge themselves in ease and pleasure. Let them cleanse their hearts from all corrupt affections and lusts, and be a broken and contrite spirit. Let them abound in works of piety towards [[God]], and of justice and charity towards one another: herein let them sow to the Spirit. Seeking the [[Lord]] is to be every day's work, but there are special occasions when to seek him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall come as the [[Lord]] our righteousness, and grant us of it abundantly. If we sow in righteousness, we shall reap according to [[mercy]]; a reward not of debt, but of grace. Even the gains of [[sin]] yield the sinner no satisfaction. As our comforts, so our confidences in the service of [[sin]] will certainly fail us. Come and seek the [[Lord]], and thy [[hope]] in him shall not deceive thee. See what cruel work war makes. Whatever mischief is done, it is [[sin]] that does it. What miseries men's sins bring on them, even in this world!
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'''Chapter''' 11
[[God]]'s regard for [[Israel]]; their ingratitude. (Hos. 11:1-7) The Divine [[mercy]] yet in store. (Hos. 11:8-12)
Hos. 11:1-7 When [[Israel]] were weak and helpless as children, foolish and froward as children, then [[God]] loved them; he bore them as the nurse does the sucking child, nourished them, and suffered their manners. All who are grown up, ought often to reflect upon the goodness of [[God]] to them in their childhood. He took care of them, took pains with them, not only as a father, or a tutor, but as a mother, or nurse. When they were in the wilderness, [[God]] showed them the way in which they should go, and bore them up, taking them by the arms. He taught them the way of his [[commandments]] by the ceremonial law given by [[Moses]]. He took them by the arms, to guide them, that they might not stray, and to hold them up, that they might not stumble and fall. [[God]]'s spiritual [[Israel]] are all thus supported. It is [[God]]'s work to draw poor souls to himself; and none can come to him except he draw them. With bands of love; this word signifies stronger cords than the former. He eased them of the burdens they had long groaned under. [[Israel]] is very ungrateful to [[God]]. [[God]]'s counsels would have saved them, but their own counsels ruined them. They backslide; there is no hold of them, no stedfastness in them. They backslide from me, from [[God]], the chief good. They are bent to backslide; they are ready to sin; they are forward to close with every temptation. Their hearts are fully set in them to do evil. Those only are truly happy, whom the [[Lord]] teaches by his Spirit, upholds by his power, and causes to walk in his ways. By his [[grace]] he takes away the [[love]] and dominion of [[sin]], and creates a desire for the blessed feast of the [[gospel]], that they may feed thereon, and live for ever.
Hos. 11:8-12 [[God]] is slow to anger, and is loth to abandon a people to utter ruin, who have been called by his name. When [[God]] was to give a sacrifice for [[sin]], and a [[Saviour]] for sinners, he spared not his own Son, that he might spare us. This is the language of the day of his patience; but when men [[sin]] that away, then the great day of his wrath comes. Man's compassions are nothing in comparison with the tender mercies of our [[God]], whose thoughts and ways, in receiving returning sinners, are as much above ours as heaven is above the earth. [[God]] knows how to [[pardon]] poor sinners. He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and therein declares his righteousness, now [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has purchased the [[pardon]] , and he has promised it. Holy trembling at the word of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will draw us to him, not drive us from him, the children tremble, and flee to him. And all that come at the [[gospel]] call, shall have a place and a name in the [[gospel]] [[church]]. The religious service of [[Israel]] were mere hypocrisy, but in [[Judah]] regard was had to [[God]]'s laws, and the people followed their pious forefathers. Let us be faithful: those who thus honour [[God]], he will honour, but such us despise Him shall be lightly esteemed.
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'''Chapter''' 12
[[Judah]] and [[Israel]] reminded of the [[Divine]] favours. (Hos. 12:1-6) The provocations of [[Israel]]. (Hos. 12:7-14)
Hos. 12:1-6 Ephraim feeds himself with vain hopes of help from man, when he is at enmity with [[God]]. The [[Jews]] vainly thought to secure the [[Egyptians]] by a present of the produce of their country. [[Judah]] is contended with also. [[God]] sees the [[sin]] of his own people, and will reckon with them for it. They are put in mind of what [[Jacob]] did, and what [[God]] did for him. When his [[faith]] upon the [[Divine]] promise prevailed above his fears, then by his strength he had power with [[God]]. He is [[Jehovah]], the same that was, and is, and is to come. What was a revelation of [[God]] to one, is his memorial to many, to all generations. Then let those who have gone from [[God]], be turned to him. Turn thou to the [[Lord]], by [[Repentance|repentance]] and faith, as thy [[God]]. Let those that are converted to him, walk with him in all holy conversation and [[godliness]]. Let us wrestle with Him for promised blessings, determined not to give over till we prevail; and let us seek Him in his ordinances.
Hos. 12:7-14 Ephraim became a merchant: the word also signifies a Canaanite. They carried on trade upon Canaanitish principles, covetously and with fraud and deceit. Thus they became rich, and falsely supposed that Providence favoured them. But shameful sins shall have shameful punishments. Let them remember, not only what a mighty prince [[Jacob]] was with [[God]], but what a servant he was to Laban. The benefits we have had from the word of [[God]], make our [[sin]] and folly the worse, if we put any slight upon that word. We had better follow the hardest labour in poverty, than grow rich by sin. We may form a judgment of our own conduct, by comparing it with that of ancient [[believer]]s in the like circumstances. Whoever despises the message of [[God]], will perish. May we all hear his word with humble, obedient faith.
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'''Chapter''' 13
The abuse of [[God]]'s favour leads to punishment. (Hos. 13:1-8) A promise of [[God]]'s [[mercy]]. (Hos. 13:9-16)
Hos. 13:1-8 While Ephraim kept up a holy [[fear]] of [[God]], and worshipped Him in that fear, so long he was very considerable. When Ephraim forsook [[God]], and followed [[idolatry]], he sunk. Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves, in token of their adoration of them, affection for them, and obedience to them; but the [[Lord]] will not give his [[glory]] to another, and therefore all that [[worship]] images shall be confounded. No solid, lasting comfort, is to be expected any where but in [[God]]. [[God]] not only took care of the [[Israelites]] in the wilderness, he put them in possession of Canaan, a good land; but worldly prosperity, when it feeds men's pride, makes them forgetful of [[God]]. Therefore the [[Lord]] would meet them in just vengeance, as the most terrible beast that inhabited their forests. Abused goodness calls for greater severity.
Hos. 13:9-16 [[Israel]] had destroyed himself by his rebellion; but he could not save himself, his help was from the [[Lord]] only. This may well be applied to the case of spiritual redemption, from that lost state into which all have fallen by wilful sins. [[God]] often gives in displeasure what we sinfully desire. It is the happiness of the saints, that, whether [[God]] gives or takes away, all is in love. But it is the misery of the wicked, that, whether [[God]] gives or takes away, it is all in wrath, nothing is comfortable. Except sinners repent and believe the [[gospel]], anguish will soon come upon them. The prophecy of the ruin of [[Israel]] as a nation, also showed there would be a merciful and powerful interposition of [[God]], to save a remnant of them. Yet this was but a shadow of the ransom of the true [[Israel]], by the death, burial, and resurrection of [[Christ]]. He will destroy [[death]] and the grave. The [[Lord]] would not repent of his purpose and promise. Yet, in the mean time, [[Israel]] would be desolated for her sins. Without fruitfulness in good works, springing from the [[Holy Spirit]], all other fruitfulness will be found as empty as the uncertain riches of the world. The wrath of [[God]] will wither its branches, its sprigs shall be dried up, it shall come to nothing. Woes, more terrible than any from the most cruel warfare, shall fall on those who rebel against [[God]]. From such miseries, and from [[sin]], the cause of them, may the [[Lord]] deliver us.
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'''Chapter''' 14
An exhortation to repentance. (Hos. 14:1-3) Blessings promised, showing the rich comforts of the [[gospel]]. (Hos. 14:4-8) The just and the wicked. (Hos. 14:9)
Hos. 14:1-3 [[Israel]] is exhorted to return unto [[Jehovah]], from their sins and [[idols]], by [[faith]] in his [[mercy]], and [[grace]] through the promised [[Redeemer]], and by diligently attending on his [[worship]] and service. Take away iniquity; lift it off as a burden we are ready to sink under, or as the stumbling-block we have often fallen over. Take it all away by a free and full forgiveness, for we cannot strike any of it off. Receive our [[prayer]] graciously. They do not say what good they seek, but refer it to [[God]]. It is not good of the world's showing, but good of [[God]]'s giving. They were to consider their sins, their wants, and the remedy; and they were to take, not sacrifices, but words stating the desires of their hearts, and with them to address the [[Lord]]. The whole forms a clear description of the nature and tendency of a sinner's conversion to [[God]] through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. As we draw near to [[God]] by the [[prayer]] of faith, we should first beseech him to teach us what to ask. We must be earnest with him to take away all iniquity.
Hos. 14:4-8 [[Israel]] seeks [[God]]'s face, and they shall not seek it in vain. His [[anger]] is turned from them. Whom [[God]] loves, he loves freely; not because they deserve it, but of his own good pleasure. [[God]] will be to them all they need. The graces of the [[Spirit]] are the hidden manna, hidden in the dew; the [[grace]] thus freely bestowed on them shall not be in vain. They shall grow upward, and be more flourishing; shall grow as the lily. The lily, when come to its height, is a lovely flower, Matt. 6:28,29. They shall grow downward, and be more firm. With the flower of the lily shall be the strong root of the cedar of Lebanon. Spiritual growth consists most in the growth of the root, which is out of sight. They shall also spread as the vine, whose branches extend very widely. When [[believer]]s abound in good works, then their branches spread. They shall be acceptable both to [[God]] and man. Holiness is the beauty of a soul. The [[church]] is compared to the vine and the olive, which bring forth useful fruits. [[God]]'s promises pertain to those only that attend on his ordinances; not such as flee to this shadow only for shelter in a hot gleam, but all who dwell under it. When a man is brought to [[God]], all who dwell under his shadow fare the better. The sanctifying fruits shall appear in his life. Thus [[believer]]s grow up into the experience and fruitfulness of the [[gospel]]. Ephraim shall say, [[God]] will put it into his [[heart]] to say it, What have I to do any more with [[idols]]! [[God]]'s promises to us are more our security and our strength for mortifying [[sin]], than our promises to [[God]]. See the power of [[Divine]] grace. [[God]] will work such a change in him, that he shall loathe the [[idols]] as much as ever he loved them. See the benefit of sanctified afflictions. Ephraim smarted for his [[idolatry]], and this is the fruit, even the taking away his [[sin]], Is. 27:9. See the nature of repentance; it is a firm and fixed resolution to have no more to do with sin. The [[Lord]] meets penitents with [[mercy]], as the father of the prodigal met his returning son. [[God]] will be to all true converts both a delight and a defence; they shall sit under his shadow with delight. And as the root of a tree; From me is thy fruit found: from Him we receive [[grace]] and strength to enable us to do our duty.
Hos. 14:9 Who profit by the truths the prophet delivered? Such as set themselves to understand and know these things. The ways of [[God]]'s providence towards us are right; all is well done. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Foundation Stone to some, to others a Stone of stumbling, and a Rock of offence. That which was ordained to life, becomes, through their abuse of it, [[death]] to them. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. But those transgressors certainly have the most dangerous, fatal falls, who fall in the ways of [[God]], who split on the Rock of Ages, and suck poison out of the Balm of Gilead. Let sinners in [[Zion]] [[fear]] this. May we learn to walk in the right ways of [[God]], as his righteous servants, and may none of us be disobedient and unbelieving, and stumble at the word.
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