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Created page with "{{Infobox_Contents | topic_name = Luke Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Luke | subtopics = The Gospel According to Luke | opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}..."
{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Luke Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Luke |
subtopics = The Gospel According to [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Luke, Gospel according to|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Luke]] |
}}
Read the [[Gospel of Luke]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Luke 1|1]]
[[Luke 2|2]]
[[Luke 3|3]]
[[Luke 4|4]]
[[Luke 5|5]]
[[Luke 6|6]]
[[Luke 7|7]]
[[Luke 8|8]]
[[Luke 9|9]]
[[Luke 10|10]]
[[Luke 11|11]]
[[Luke 12|12]]
[[Luke 13|13]]
[[Luke 14|14]]
[[Luke 15|15]]
[[Luke 16|16]]
[[Luke 17|17]]
[[Luke 18|18]]
[[Luke 19|19]]
[[Luke 20|20]]
[[Luke 21|21]]
[[Luke 22|22]]
[[Luke 23|23]]
[[Luke 24|24]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 22|22]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 23|23]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 24|24]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Gospel of Luke]]'''
This evangelist is generally supposed to have been a physician, and a companion of the apostle Paul. The style of his writings, and his acquaintance with the Jewish rites and usages, sufficiently show that he was a Jew, while his knowledge of the Greek language and his name, speak his Gentile origin. He is first mentioned Ac 16:10, 11, as with [[Paul]] at Troas, whence he attended him to [[Jerusalem]], and was with him in his voyage, and in his imprisonment at Rome. This [[Gospel]] appears to be designed to supersede many defective and unauthentic narratives in circulation, and to give a genuine and inspired account of the life, [[miracle]]s, and doctrines of our [[Lord]], learned from those who heard and witnessed his discourses and [[miracle]]s.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The Preface.
(1-4)
Zacharias and Elisabeth.
(5-25)
[[Christ]]'s birth announced.
(26-38)
Interview of [[Mary]] and Elisabeth.
(39-56)
The birth of [[John the Baptist]].
(57-66)
The song of Zacharias.
(67-80)
'''Verses''' 1-4
[[Luke]] will not write of things about which [[Christians]] may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through [[Divine]] inspiration.
'''Verses''' 5-25
The father and mother of [[John the Baptist]] were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the [[prayer]]s we offer up to [[God]], are acceptable and successful only by [[Christ]]'s intercession in the temple of [[God]] above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in [[prayer]]. Nor can we expect that the best of our [[prayer]]s should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of [[peace]], but through the mediation of [[Christ]], who ever lives, making intercession. The [[prayer]]s Zacharias often made, received an answer of [[peace]]. Prayers of [[faith]] are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to [[prayer]]. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to [[God]], and preparing them to receive the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]]. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, [[holiness]], and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, [[God]] dealt justly with him, because he had objected against [[God]]'s word. We may admire the patience of [[God]] towards us. [[God]] dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also [[God]] confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our [[sin]], we are brought to give the more credit to the word of [[God]], we have no reason to complain. Even real [[believer]]s are apt to dishonour [[God]] by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising [[God]] with [[joy]] and gratitude. In [[God]]'s gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.
'''Verses''' 26-38
We have here an account of the mother of our [[Lord]]; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise [[God]] for her. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled [[Mary]]. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with [[God]], and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call [[Jesus]], the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the [[Lord]] [[God]]. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, [[Jesus]], a [[Saviour]]! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a [[Saviour]] is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the [[Saviour]] mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. [[Mary]]'s reply to the angel was the language of [[faith]] and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of [[godliness]], [[God]] manifest in the flesh, 1Ti 3:16. [[Christ]]'s human nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the [[Divine]] nature. And we must, as [[Mary]] here, guide our desires by the word of [[God]]. In all conflicts, let us remember that with [[God]] nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into [[prayer]]s, Behold the willing servant of the [[Lord]]; let it be unto me according to thy word.
'''Verses''' 39-56
It is very good for those who have the work of [[grace]] begun in their souls, to communicate one to another. On [[Mary]]'s arrival, Elisabeth was conscious of the approach of her who was to be the mother of the great [[Redeemer]]. At the same time she was filled with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], and under his influence declared that [[Mary]] and her expected child were most blessed and happy, as peculiarly honoured of and dear to the Most High [[God]]. [[Mary]], animated by Elisabeth's address, and being also under the influence of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], broke out into joy, admiration, and gratitude. She knew herself to be a sinner who needed a [[Saviour]], and that she could no otherwise [[rejoice]] in [[God]] than as interested in his [[salvation]] through the promised [[Messiah]]. Those who see their need of [[Christ]], and are desirous of righteousness and life in him, he fills with good things, with the best things; and they are abundantly satisfied with the blessings he gives. He will satisfy the desires of the poor in spirit who long for spiritual blessings, while the self-sufficient shall be sent empty away.
'''Verses''' 57-66
In these Verses we have an account of the birth of [[John the Baptist]], and the great [[joy]] among all the relations of the family. He shall be called Johanan, or "Gracious," because he shall bring in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], wherein [[God]]'s [[grace]] shines most bright. Zacharias recovered his speech. Unbelief closed his mouth, and believing opened it again: he [[believer]]s, therefore he speaks. When [[God]] opens our lips, our mouths must show forth his praise; and better be without speech, than not use it in praising [[God]]. It is said, The hand of the [[Lord]] was working with John. [[God]] has ways of working on [[children]] in their infancy, which we cannot account for. We should observe the dealings of [[God]], and wait the event.
'''Verses''' 67-80
Zacharias uttered a prophecy concerning the kingdom and [[salvation]] of the [[Messiah]]. The [[gospel]] brings light with it; in it the day dawns. In [[John the Baptist]] it began to break, and increased apace to the perfect day. The [[gospel]] is discovering; it shows that about which we were utterly in the dark; it is to give light to those that sit in darkness, the light of the knowledge of the [[glory]] of [[God]] in the face of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. It is reviving; it brings light to those that sit in the shadow of death, as condemned prisoners in the dungeon. It is directing; it is to guide our feet in the way of [[peace]], into that way which will bring us to [[peace]] at last, Ro 3:17. John gave proofs of strong faith, vigorous and holy affections, and of being above the [[fear]] and [[love]] of the world. Thus he ripened for usefulness; but he lived a retired life, till he came forward openly as the forerunner of the [[Messiah]]. Let us follow [[peace]] with all men, as well as seek [[peace]] with [[God]] and our own consciences. And if it be the will of [[God]] that we live unknown to the world, still let us diligently seek to grow strong in the [[grace]] of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
The birth of [[Christ]].
(1-7)
It is made known to the shepherds.
(8-20)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] presented in the temple.
(21-24)
Simeon prophesies concerning [[Jesus]].
(25-35)
Anna prophesies concerning him.
(36-40)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] with the learned men in the temple.
(41-52)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The fulness of time was now come, when [[God]] would send forth his Son, made of a woman, and made under the law. The circumstances of his birth were very mean. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was born at an inn; he came into the [[world]] to sojourn here for awhile, as at an inn, and to teach us to do likewise. We are become by [[sin]] like an outcast infant, helpless and forlorn; and such a one was [[Christ]]. He well knew how unwilling we are to be meanly lodged, clothed, or fed; how we desire to have our [[children]] decorated and indulged; how apt the poor are to envy the rich, and how prone the rich to disdain the poor. But when we by [[faith]] view the Son of [[God]] being made man and lying in a manger, our vanity, ambition, and envy are checked. We cannot, with this object rightly before us, seek great things for ourselves or our children.
'''Verses''' 8-20
Angels were heralds of the new-born [[Saviour]], but they were only sent to some poor, humble, pious, industrious shepherds, who were in the business of their calling, keeping watch over their flock. We are not out of the way of [[Divine]] visits, when we are employed in an honest calling, and abide with [[God]] in it. Let [[God]] have the honour of this work; Glory to [[God]] in the highest. [[God]]'s good-will to men, manifested in sending the [[Messiah]], redounds to his praise. Other works of [[God]] are for his glory, but the redemption of the [[world]] is for his [[glory]] in the highest. [[God]]'s goodwill in sending the [[Messiah]], brought [[peace]] into this lower world. Peace is here put for all that good which flows to us from [[Christ]]'s taking our nature upon him. This is a faithful saying, attested by an innumerable company of angels, and well worthy of all acceptation, That the good-will of [[God]] toward men, is [[glory]] to [[God]] in the highest, and [[peace]] on the earth. The shepherds lost no time, but came with haste to the place. They were satisfied, and made known abroad concerning this child, that he was the [[Saviour]], even [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[Lord]]. [[Mary]] carefully observed and thought upon all these things, which were so suited to enliven her holy affections. We should be more delivered from errors in judgment and practice, did we more fully ponder these things in our hearts. It is still proclaimed in our ears that to us is born a [[Saviour]], [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[Lord]]. These should be glad tidings to all.
'''Verses''' 21-24
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] was not born in [[sin]], and did not need that mortification of a corrupt nature, or that renewal unto [[holiness]], which were signified by [[circumcision]]. This ordinance was, in his case, a pledge of his future perfect obedience to the whole law, in the midst of sufferings and temptations, even unto [[death]] for us. At the end of forty days, [[Mary]] went up to the [[temple]] to offer the appointed sacrifices for her purification. [[Joseph]] also presented the holy child [[Jesus]], because, as a first-born son, he was to be presented to the [[Lord]], and redeemed according to the law. Let us present our [[children]] to the [[Lord]] who gave them to us, beseeching him to redeem them from [[sin]] and death, and make them holy to himself.
'''Verses''' 25-35
The same [[Spirit]] that provided for the support of Simeon's hope, provided for his joy. Those who would see [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must go to his temple. Here is a confession of his faith, that this Child in his arms was the [[Saviour]], the [[salvation]] itself, the [[salvation]] of [[God]]'s appointing. He bids farewell to this world. How poor does this [[world]] look to one that has [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in his arms, and [[salvation]] in his view! See here, how comfortable is the [[death]] of a good man; he departs in [[peace]] with [[God]], [[peace]] with his own conscience, in [[peace]] with death. Those that have welcomed [[Christ]], may welcome death. [[Joseph]] and [[Mary]] marvelled at the things which were spoken of this Child. Simeon shows them likewise, what reason they had to [[rejoice]] with trembling. And [[Jesus]], his doctrine, and people, are still spoken against; his truth and [[holiness]] are still denied and blasphemed; his preached word is still the touchstone of men's characters. The secret good affections in the minds of some, will be revealed by their embracing Christ; the secret corruptions of others will be revealed by their enmity to [[Christ]]. Men will be judged by the thoughts of their hearts concerning [[Christ]]. He shall be a suffering [[Jesus]]; his mother shall suffer with him, because of the nearness of her relation and affection.
'''Verses''' 36-40
There was much evil then in the [[church]], yet [[God]] left not himself without witness. Anna always dwelt in, or at least attended at, the temple. She was always in a praying spirit; gave herself to [[prayer]], and in all things she served [[God]]. Those to whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is made known, have great reason to thank the [[Lord]]. She taught others concerning him. Let the example of the venerable saints, Simeon and Anna, give courage to those whose hoary heads are, like theirs, a crown of glory, being found in the way of righteousness. The lips soon to be silent in the grave, should be showing forth the praises of the [[Redeemer]]. In all things it became [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be made like unto his brethren, therefore he passed through infancy and childhood as other children, yet without [[sin]], and with manifest proofs of the [[Divine]] nature in him. By the [[Spirit]] of [[God]] all his faculties performed their offices in a manner not seen in any one else. Other [[children]] have foolishness bound in their hearts, which appears in what they say or do, but he was filled with wisdom, by the influence of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; every thing he said and did, was wisely said and wisely done, above his years. Other [[children]] show the corruption of their nature; nothing but the [[grace]] of [[God]] was upon him.
'''Verses''' 41-52
It is for the honour of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] that [[children]] should attend on public worship. His parents did not return till they had stayed all the seven days of the feast. It is well to stay to the end of an ordinance, as becomes those who say, It is good to be here. Those that have lost their comforts in [[Christ]], and the evidences of their having a part in him, must bethink themselves where, and when, and how they lost them, and must turn back again. Those that would recover their lost acquaintance with [[Christ]], must go to the place in which he has put his name; there they may [[hope]] to meet him. They found him in some part of the temple, where the doctors of the law kept their schools; he was sitting there, hearkening to their instructions, proposing questions, and answering inquiries, with such wisdom, that those who heard were delighted with him. Young persons should seek the knowledge of Divine truth, attend the ministry of the [[gospel]], and ask such questions of their elders and teachers as may tend to increase their knowledge. Those who seek [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in sorrow, shall find him with the greater joy. Know ye not that I ought to be in my Father's house; at my Father's work; I must be about my Father's business. Herein is an example; for it becomes the [[children]] of [[God]], in conformity to [[Christ]], to attend their heavenly Father's business, and make all other concerns give way to it. Though he was the Son of [[God]], yet he was subject to his earthly parents; how then will the foolish and weak sons of men answer it, who are disobedient to their parents? However we may neglect men's sayings, because they are obscure, yet we must not think so of [[God]]'s sayings. That which at first is dark, may afterwards become plain and easy. The greatest and wisest, those most eminent, may learn of this admirable and [[Divine]] Child, that it is the truest greatness of soul to know our own place and office; to deny ourselves amusements and pleasures not consistent with our state and calling.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
[[John the Baptist]]'s ministry.
(1-14)
[[John the Baptist]] testifies concerning [[Christ]].
(15-20)
The baptism of [[Christ]].
(21, 22)
The genealogy of [[Christ]].
(23-38)
'''Verses''' 1-14
The scope and design of John's ministry were, to bring the people from their sins, and to their [[Saviour]]. He came preaching, not a sect, or party, but a profession; the sign or ceremony was washing with water. By the words here used John preached the necessity of repentance, in order to the remission of sins, and that the baptism of water was an outward sign of that inward cleansing and renewal of heart, which attend, or are the effects of true repentance, as well as a profession of it. Here is the fulfilling of the Scriptures, Isa 40:3, in the ministry of John. When way is made for the [[gospel]] into the heart, by taking down high thoughts, and bringing them into obedience to [[Christ]], by levelling the soul, and removing all that hinders us in the way of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his grace, then preparation is made to welcome the [[salvation]] of [[God]]. Here are general warnings and exhortations which John gave. The guilty, corrupted race of mankind is become a generation of vipers; hateful to [[God]], and hating one another. There is no way of fleeing from the wrath to come, but by repentance; and by the change of our way the change of our mind must be shown. If we are not really holy, both in [[heart]] and life, our profession of [[religion]] and relation to [[God]] and his [[church]], will stand us in no stead at all; the sorer will our destruction be, if we do not bring forth fruits meet for repentance. [[John the Baptist]] gave instructions to several sorts of persons. Those that profess and promise repentance, must show it by reformation, according to their places and conditions. The [[gospel]] requires [[mercy]], not sacrifice; and its design is, to engage us to do all the good we can, and to be just to all men. And the same principle which leads men to forego unjust gain, leads to restore that which is gained by wrong. John tells the soldiers their duty. Men should be cautioned against the [[temptations]] of their employments. These answers declared the present duty of the inquirers, and at once formed a test of their sincerity. As none can or will accept [[Christ]]'s [[salvation]] without true repentance, so the evidence and effects of this [[Repentance|repentance]] are here marked out.
'''Verses''' 15-20
[[John the Baptist]] disowned being himself the [[Christ]], but confirmed the people in their expectations of the long-promised [[Messiah]]. He could only exhort them to repent, and assure them of [[forgiveness]] upon repentance; but he could not work [[Repentance|repentance]] in them, nor confer remission on them. Thus highly does it become us to speak of [[Christ]], and thus humbly of ourselves. John can do no more than baptize with water, in token that they ought to purify and cleanse themselves; but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] can, and will baptize with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; he can give the Spirit, to cleanse and purify the heart, not only as water washes off the dirt on the outside, but as fire clears out the dross that is within, and melts down the metal, that it may be cast into a new mould. John was an affectionate preacher; he was beseeching; he pressed things home upon his hearers. He was a practical preacher; quickening them to their duty, and directing them in it. He was a popular preacher; he addressed the people, according to their capacity. He was an evangelical preacher. In all his exhortations, he directed people to [[Christ]]. When we press duty upon people, we must direct them to [[Christ]], both for righteousness and strength. He was a copious preacher; he shunned not to declare the whole counsel of [[God]]. But a full stop was put to John's preaching when he was in the midst of his usefulness. Herod being reproved by him for many evils, shut up John in prison. Those who injure the faithful servants of [[God]], add still greater guilt to their other sins.
'''Verses''' 21, 22
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] did not confess [[sin]], as others did, for he had none to confess; but he prayed, as others did, and kept up communion with his Father. Observe, all the three voices from heaven, by which the Father bare witness to the Son, were pronounced while he was praying, or soon after, Lu 9:35; Joh 12:28. The [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]] descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and there came a voice from heaven, from [[God]] the Father, from the excellent glory. Thus was a proof of the Holy Trinity, of the Three Persons in the Godhead, given at the baptism of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 23-38
Matthew's list of the forefathers of [[Jesus]] showed that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was the son of [[Abraham]], in whom all the families of the earth are blessed, and heir to the throne of [[David]]; but [[Luke]] shows that [[Jesus]] was the Seed of the woman that should break the serpent's head, and traces the line up to [[Adam]], beginning with Eli, or Heli, the father, not of [[Joseph]], but of [[Mary]]. The seeming differences between the two evangelists in these lists of names have been removed by learned men. But our [[salvation]] does not depend upon our being able to solve these difficulties, nor is the [[Divine]] authority of the [[Gospel]]s at all weakened by them. The list of names ends thus, "Who was the son of [[Adam]], the son of [[God]];" that is, the offspring of [[God]] by creation. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was both the son of [[Adam]] and the Son of [[God]], that he might be a proper Mediator between [[God]] and the sons of [[Adam]], and might bring the sons of [[Adam]] to be, through him, the sons of [[God]]. All flesh, as descended from the first [[Adam]], is as grass, and withers as the flower of the field; but he who partakes of the Holy [[Spirit]] of life from the Second [[Adam]], has that eternal happiness, which by the [[gospel]] is preached unto us.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
The [[temptation]] of [[Christ]].
(1-13)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in the synagogue of Nazareth.
(14-30)
He casts out an unclean spirit and heals the sick.
(31-44)
'''Verses''' 1-13
[[Christ]]'s being led into the wilderness gave an advantage to the tempter; for there he was alone, none were with him by whose [[prayer]]s and advice he might be helped in the hour of temptation. He who knew his own strength might give [[Satan]] advantage; but we may not, who know our own weakness. Being in all things made like unto his brethren, [[Jesus]] would, like the other [[children]] of [[God]], live in dependence upon the [[Divine]] Providence and promise. The word of [[God]] is our sword, and [[faith]] in that word is our shield. [[God]] has many ways of providing for his people, and therefore is at all times to be depended upon in the way of duty. All [[Satan]]'s promises are deceitful; and if he is permitted to have any influence in disposing of the kingdoms of the [[world]] and the [[glory]] of them, he uses them as baits to insnare men to destruction. We should reject at once and with abhorrence, every opportunity of sinful gain or advancement, as a price offered for our souls; we should seek riches, honours, and happiness in the [[worship]] and service of [[God]] only. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not [[worship]] [[Satan]]; nor, when he has the kingdoms of the [[world]] delivered to him by his Father, will he suffer any remains of the [[worship]] of the devil to continue in them. [[Satan]] also tempted [[Jesus]] to be his own murderer, by unfitting confidence in his Father's protection, such as he had no warrant for. Let not any abuse of Scripture by [[Satan]] or by men abate our esteem, or cause us to abandon its use; but let us study it still, seek to know it, and seek our defence from it in all kinds of assaults. Let this word dwell richly in us, for it is our life. Our victorious [[Redeemer]] conquered, not for himself only, but for us also. The devil ended all the temptation. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] let him try all his force, and defeated him. [[Satan]] saw it was to no purpose to attack [[Christ]], who had nothing in him for his fiery darts to fasten upon. And if we resist the devil, he will flee from us. Yet he departed but till the season when he was again to be let loose upon [[Jesus]], not as a tempter, to draw him to [[sin]], and so to strike at his head, at which he now aimed and was wholly defeated in; but as a persecutor, to bring [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to suffer, and so to bruise his heel, which it was told him, he should have to do, and would do, though it would be the breaking of his own head, Ge 3:15. Though [[Satan]] depart for a season, we shall never be out of his reach till removed from this present evil world.
'''Verses''' 14-30
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] taught in their synagogues, their places of public worship, where they met to read, expound, and apply the word, to pray and praise. All the gifts and graces of the [[Spirit]] were upon him and on him, without measure. By [[Christ]], sinners may be loosed from the bonds of guilt, and by his [[Spirit]] and [[grace]] from the bondage of corruption. He came by the word of his [[gospel]], to bring light to those that sat in the dark, and by the power of his grace, to give sight to those that were blind. And he preached the acceptable year of the [[Lord]]. Let sinners attend to the [[Saviour]]'s invitation when liberty is thus proclaimed. [[Christ]]'s name was Wonderful; in nothing was he more so than in the word of his grace, and the power that went along with it. We may well wonder that he should speak such words of [[grace]] to such graceless wretches as mankind. Some prejudice often furnishes an objection against the humbling doctrine of the cross; and while it is the word of [[God]] that stirs up men's enmity, they will blame the conduct or manner of the speaker. The doctrine of [[God]]'s sovereignty, his right to do his will, provokes proud men. They will not seek his favour in his own way; and are angry when others have the favours they neglect. Still is [[Jesus]] rejected by multitudes who hear the same message from his words. While they crucify him afresh by their sins, may we honour him as the Son of [[God]], the [[Saviour]] of men, and seek to show we do so by our obedience.
'''Verses''' 31-44
[[Christ]]'s preaching much affected the people; and a working power went with it to the consciences of men. These [[miracle]]s showed [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be a controller and conqueror of [[Satan]], a healer of diseases. Where Christ gives a new life, in recovery from sickness, it should be a new life, spent more than ever in his service, to his glory. Our business should be to spread abroad [[Christ]]'s fame in every place, to beseech him in behalf of those diseased in body or mind, and to use our influence in bringing sinners to him, that his hands may be laid upon them for their healing. He cast the devils out of many who were possessed. We were not sent into this [[world]] to live to ourselves only, but to glorify [[God]], and to do good in our generation. The people sought him, and came unto him. A desert is no desert, if we are with [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] there. He will continue with us, by his word and Spirit, and extend the same blessings to other nations, till, throughout the earth, the servants and worshippers of [[Satan]] are brought to acknowledge him as the [[Christ]], the Son of [[God]], and to find redemption through his blood, even the [[forgiveness]] of sins.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The miraculous draught of fishes, [[ Peter]], James, and John called.
(1-11)
A leper cleansed.
(12-16)
A paralytic cured.
(17-26)
Levi called, [[Christ]]'s answer to the [[Pharisees]].
(27-39)
'''Verses''' 1-11
When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had done preaching, he told [[ Peter]] to apply to the business of his calling. Time spent on week days in public exercises of [[religion]], need be but little hinderance in time, and may be great furtherance to us in temper of mind, as to our worldly business. With what cheerfulness may we go about the duties of our calling, when we have been with [[God]], and thus have our worldly employments sanctified to us by the word and [[prayer]]! Though they had taken nothing, yet Christ told them to let down their nets again. We must not abruptly quit our callings because we have not the success in them we desire. We are likely to speed well, when we follow the guidance of [[Christ]]'s word. The draught of fishes was by a [[miracle]]. We must all, like [[ Peter]], own ourselves to be sinful men, therefore [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] might justly depart from us. But we must beseech him that he would not depart; for woe unto us if the [[Saviour]] depart from sinners! Rather let us entreat him to come and dwell in our hearts by faith, that he may transform and cleanse them. These fishermen forsook all, and followed [[Jesus]], when their calling prospered. When riches increase, and we are tempted to set our hearts upon them, then to quit them for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is thankworthy.
'''Verses''' 12-16
This man is said to be full of leprosy; he had that distemper in a high degree, which represents our natural pollution by sin; we are full of that leprosy; from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot there is no soundness in us. Strong confidence and deep humility are united in the words of this leper. And if any sinner, from a deep sense of vileness, says, I know the [[Lord]] can cleanse, but will he look upon such a one as me? will he apply his own precious blood for my cleansing and healing? Yes, he will. Speak not as doubting, but as humbly referring the matter to [[Christ]]. And being saved from the guilt and power of our sins, let us spread abroad [[Christ]]'s fame, and bring others to hear him and to be healed.
'''Verses''' 17-26
How many are there in our assemblies, where the [[gospel]] is preached, who do not sit under the word, but sit by! It is to them as a tale that is told them, not as a message that is sent to them. Observe the duties taught and recommended to us by the history of the paralytic. In applying to [[Christ]], we must be very pressing and urgent; that is an evidence of faith, and is very pleasing to [[Christ]], and prevailing with him. Give us, [[Lord]], the same kind of [[faith]] with respect to thy ability and willingness to heal our souls. Give us to desire the [[pardon]] of sin more than any earthly blessing, or life itself. Enable us to believe thy power to forgive sins; then will our souls cheerfully arise and go where thou pleasest.
'''Verses''' 27-39
It was a wonder of [[Christ]]'s grace, that he would call a publican to be his disciple and follower. It was a wonder of his grace, that the call was made so effectual. It was a wonder of his grace, that he came to call sinners to repentance, and to assure them of [[pardon]] . It was a wonder of his grace, that he so patiently bore the contradiction of sinners against himself and his disciples. It was a wonder of his grace, that he fixed the services of his disciples according to their strength and standing. The [[Lord]] trains up his people gradually for the trials allotted them; we should copy his example in dealing with the weak in faith, or the tempted [[believer]].
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The disciples pluck corn on the sabbath.
(1-5)
Works of [[mercy]] suitable to the sabbath day.
(6-11)
The apostles chosen.
(12-19)
Blessings and woes declared.
(20-26)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to [[mercy]].
(27-36)
And to justice and sincerity.
(37-49)
'''Verses''' 1-5
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] justifies his disciples in a work of necessity for themselves on the sabbath day, and that was plucking the ears of corn when they were hungry. But we must take heed that we mistake not this liberty for leave to commit sin. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will have us to know and remember that it is his day, therefore to be spent in his service, and to his honour.
'''Verses''' 6-11
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was neither ashamed nor afraid to own the purposes of his grace. He healed the poor man, though he knew that his enemies would take advantage against him for it. Let us not be drawn either from our duty or from our usefulness by any opposition. We may well be amazed, that the sons of men should be so wicked.
'''Verses''' 12-19
We often think one half hour a great deal to spend in meditation and secret [[prayer]], but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was whole nights engaged in these duties. In serving [[God]], our great care should be not to lose time, but to make the end of one good duty the beginning of another. The twelve apostles are here named; never were men so privileged, yet one of them had a devil, and proved a traitor. Those who have not faithful preaching near them, had better travel far than be without it. It is indeed worth while to go a great way to hear the word of [[Christ]], and to go out of the way of other business for it. They came to be cured by him, and he healed them. There is a fulness of [[grace]] in [[Christ]], and [[healing]] virtue in him, ready to go out from him, that is enough for all, enough for each. Men regard the diseases of the body as greater evils than those of their souls; but the Scripture teaches us differently.
'''Verses''' 20-26
Here begins a discourse of [[Christ]], most of which is also found in Mt 5; 7. But some think that this was preached at another time and place. All [[believer]]s that take the precepts of the [[gospel]] to themselves, and live by them, may take the promises of the [[gospel]] to themselves, and live upon them. Woes are denounced against prosperous sinners as miserable people, though the [[world]] envies them. Those are blessed indeed whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] blesses, but those must be dreadfully miserable who fall under his woe and curse! What a vast advantage will the saint have over the sinner in the other world! and what a wide difference will there be in their rewards, how much soever the sinner may prosper, and the saint be afflicted here!
'''Verses''' 27-36
These are hard lessons to flesh and blood. But if we are thoroughly grounded in the [[faith]] of [[Christ]]'s love, this will make his commands easy to us. Every one that comes to him for washing in his blood, and knows the greatness of the [[mercy]] and the [[love]] there is in him, can say, in truth and sincerity, [[Lord]], what wilt thou have me to do? Let us then aim to be merciful, even according to the [[mercy]] of our heavenly Father to us.
'''Verses''' 37-49
All these sayings [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] often used; it was easy to apply them. We ought to be very careful when we blame others; for we need allowance ourselves. If we are of a giving and a forgiving spirit, we shall ourselves reap the benefit. Though full and exact returns are made in another world, not in this world, yet Providence does what should encourage us in doing good. Those who follow the multitude to do evil, follow in the broad way that leads to destruction. The tree is known by its fruits; may the word of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] be so grafted in our hearts, that we may be fruitful in every good word and work. And what the mouth commonly speaks, generally agrees with what is most in the heart. Those only make sure work for their souls and eternity, and take the course that will profit in a trying time, who think, speak, and act according to the words of [[Christ]]. Those who take pains in [[religion]], found their [[hope]] upon [[Christ]], who is the Rock of Ages, and other foundation can no man lay. In [[death]] and judgment they are safe, being kept by the power of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] through [[faith]] unto [[salvation]], and they shall never perish.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The centurion's servant healed.
(1-10)
The widow's son raised.
(11-18)
[[John the Baptist]]'s inquiry concerning [[Jesus]].
(19-35)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] anointed in the house of the Pharisee, The parable of the two debtors.
(36-50)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Servants should study to endear themselves to their masters. Masters ought to take particular care of their servants when they are sick. We may still, by faithful and fervent [[prayer]], apply to [[Christ]], and ought to do so when sickness is in our families. The building places for religious [[worship]] is a good work, and an instance of [[love]] to [[God]] and his people. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] was pleased with the centurion's faith; and he never fails to answer the expectations of that [[faith]] which honours his power and love. The cure soon wrought and perfect.
'''Verses''' 11-18
When the [[Lord]] saw the poor widow following her son to the grave, he had compassion on her. See [[Christ]]'s power over [[death]] itself. The [[gospel]] call to all people, to young people particularly, is, Arise from the dead, and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall give you light and life. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] put life into him, it appeared by the youth's sitting up. Have we [[grace]] from Christ? Let us show it. He began to speak: whenever [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gives us spiritual life, he opens the lips in [[prayer]] and praise. When dead souls are raised to spiritual life, by [[Divine]] power going with the [[gospel]], we must glorify [[God]], and look upon it as a gracious visit to his people. Let us seek for such an interest in our compassionate [[Saviour]], that we may look forward with [[joy]] to the time when the [[Redeemer]]'s voice shall call forth all that are in their graves. May we be called to the resurrection of life, not to that of damnation.
'''Verses''' 19-35
To his [[miracle]]s in the kingdom of nature, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] adds this in the kingdom of grace, To the poor the [[gospel]] is preached. It clearly pointed out the spiritual nature of [[Christ]]'s kingdom, that the messenger he sent before him to prepare his way, did it by preaching [[Repentance|repentance]] and reformation of [[heart]] and life. We have here the just blame of those who were not wrought upon by the ministry of John Baptist or of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself. They made a jest of the methods [[God]] took to do them good. This is the ruin of multitudes; they are not serious in the concerns of their souls. Let us study to prove ourselves [[children]] of [[Wisdom]], by attending the instructions of [[God]]'s word, and adoring those mysteries and glad tidings which infidels and [[Pharisees]] deride and blaspheme.
'''Verses''' 36-50
None can truly perceive how precious [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is, and the [[glory]] of the [[gospel]], except the broken-hearted. But while they feel they cannot enough express self-abhorrence on account of [[sin]], and admiration of his [[mercy]], the self-sufficient will be disgusted, because the [[gospel]] encourages such repenting sinners. The Pharisee, instead of rejoicing in the tokens of the woman's repentance, confined his thoughts to her former bad character. But without free [[forgiveness]] none of us can escape the wrath to come; this our gracious [[Saviour]] has purchased with his blood, that he may freely bestow it on every one that believes in him. [[Christ]], by a parable, forced Simon to acknowledge that the greater sinner this woman had been, the greater [[love]] she ought to show to Him when her sins were [[pardon]] ed. Learn here, that [[sin]] is a debt; and all are sinners, are debtors to Almighty [[God]]. Some sinners are greater debtors; but whether our debt be more or less, it is more than we are able to pay. [[God]] is ready to forgive; and his Son having purchased [[pardon]] for those who believe in him, his [[gospel]] promises it to them, and his [[Spirit]] seals it to repenting sinners, and gives them the comfort. Let us keep far from the proud spirit of the Pharisee, simply depending upon and rejoicing in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] alone, and so be prepared to obey him more zealously, and more strongly to recommend him unto all around us. The more we express our sorrow for [[sin]], and our [[love]] to [[Christ]], the clearer evidence we have of the [[forgiveness]] of our sins. What a wonderful change does [[grace]] make upon a sinner's [[heart]] and life, as well as upon his state before [[God]], by the full remission of all his sins through [[faith]] in the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]!
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The ministry of [[Christ]].
(1-3)
The parable of the sower.
(4-21)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stilleth the tempest and casteth out devils.
(22-40)
The daughter of Jairus restored to life.
(41-56)
'''Verses''' 1-3
We are here told what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] made the constant business of his life, it was teaching the [[gospel]]. Tidings of the kingdom of [[God]] are glad tidings, and what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to bring. Certain women attended upon him who ministered to him of their substance. It showed the mean condition to which the [[Saviour]] humbled himself, that he needed their kindness, and his great humility, that he accepted it. Though rich, yet for our sakes he became poor.
'''Verses''' 4-21
There are many very needful and excellent rules and cautions for hearing the word, in the parable of the sower, and the application of it. Happy are we, and for ever indebted to free grace, if the same thing that is a parable to others, with which they are only amused, is a plain truth to us, by which we are taught and governed. We ought to take heed of the things that will hinder our profiting by the word we hear; to take heed lest we hear carelessly and slightly, lest we entertain prejudices against the word we hear; and to take heed to our spirits after we have heard the word, lest we lose what we have gained. The gifts we have, will be continued to us or not, as we use them for the [[glory]] of [[God]], and the good of our brethren. Nor is it enough not to hold the truth in unrighteousness; we should desire to hold forth the word of life, and to shine, giving light to all around. Great encouragement is given to those who prove themselves faithful hearers of the word, by being doers of the work. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] owns them as his relations.
'''Verses''' 22-40
Those that put to sea in a calm, even at [[Christ]]'s word, must yet prepare for a storm, and for great peril in that storm. There is no relief for souls under a sense of guilt, and [[fear]] of wrath, but to go to [[Christ]], and call him Master, and say, I am undone, if thou dost not help me. When our dangers are over, it becomes us to take to ourselves the shame of our own fears, and to give [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[glory]] of our deliverance. We may learn much out of this history concerning the world of infernal, malignant spirits, which though not working now exactly in the same way as then, yet all must at all times carefully guard against. And these malignant spirits are very numerous. They have enmity to man and all his comforts. Those under [[Christ]]'s government are sweetly led with the bands of love; those under the devil's government are furiously driven. Oh what a comfort it is to the [[believer]], that all the powers of darkness are under the control of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]! It is a [[miracle]] of [[mercy]], if those whom [[Satan]] possesses, are not brought to destruction and eternal ruin. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not stay with those who slight him; perhaps he may no more return to them, while others are waiting for him, and glad to receive him.
'''Verses''' 41-56
Let us not complain of a crowd, and a throng, and a hurry, as long as we are in the way of our duty, and doing good; but otherwise every wise man will keep himself out of it as much as he can. And many a poor soul is healed, and helped, and saved by [[Christ]], that is hidden in a crowd, and nobody notices it. This woman came trembling, yet her [[faith]] saved her. There may be trembling, where yet there is saving faith. Observe [[Christ]]'s comfortable words to Jairus, Fear not, believe only, and thy daughter shall be made whole. No less hard was it not to grieve for the loss of an only child, than not to [[fear]] the continuance of that grief. But in perfect [[faith]] there is no fear; the more we fear, the less we believe. The hand of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] goes with the calls of his word, to make them effectual. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commanded to give her meat. As babes new born, so those newly raised from [[sin]], desire spiritual food, that they may grow thereby.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The apostles sent forth.
(1-9)
The multitude miraculously fed.
(10-17)
Peter's testimony to [[Christ]], Self-denial enjoined.
(18-27)
The transfiguration.
(28-36)
An evil spirit cast out.
(37-42)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] checks the ambition of his disciples.
(43-50)
He reproves their mistaken zeal.
(51-56)
Every thing to be given up for [[Christ]].
(57-62)
'''Verses''' 1-9
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] sent his twelve disciples abroad, who by this time were able to teach others what they had received from the [[Lord]]. They must not be anxious to commend themselves to people's esteem by outward appearance. They must go as they were. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the fountain of power and authority, to whom all creatures must, in one way or another, be subject; and if he goes with the word of his ministers in power, to deliver sinners from [[Satan]]'s bondage, they may be sure that he will care for their wants. When truth and [[love]] thus go together, and yet the message of [[God]] is rejected and despised, it leaves men without excuse, and turns to a testimony against them. Herod's guilty conscience was ready to conclude that John was risen from the dead. He desired to see [[Jesus]]; and why did he not go and see him? Probably, because he thought it below him, or because he wished not to have any more reprovers of sin. Delaying it now, his [[heart]] was hardened, and when he did see [[Jesus]], he was as much prejudiced against him as others, Lu 23:11.
'''Verses''' 10-17
The people followed [[Jesus]], and though they came unseasonably, yet he gave them what they came for. He spake unto them of the kingdom of [[God]]. He healed those who had need of healing. And with five loaves of bread and two fishes, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] fed five thousand men. He will not see those that [[fear]] him, and serve him faithfully, want any good thing. When we receive creature-comforts, we must acknowledge that we receive them from [[God]], and that we are unworthy to receive them; that we owe them all, and all the comfort we have in them, to the mediation of [[Christ]], by whom the curse is taken away. The blessing of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will make a little go a great way. He fills every hungry soul, abundantly satisfies it with the goodness of his house. Here were fragments taken up: in our Father's house there is bread enough, and to spare. We are not straitened, nor stinted in [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 18-27
It is an unspeakable comfort that our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is [[God]]'s Anointed; this signifies that he was both appointed to be the [[Messiah]], and qualified for it. [[Jesus]] discourses concerning his own sufferings and death. And so far must his disciples be from thinking how to prevent his sufferings, that they must prepare for their own. We often meet with crosses in the way of duty; and though we must not pull them upon our own heads, yet, when they are laid for us, we must take them up, and carry them after [[Christ]]. It is well or ill with us, according as it is well or ill with our souls. The body cannot be happy, if the soul be miserable in the other world; but the soul may be happy, though the body is greatly afflicted and oppressed in this world. We must never be ashamed of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[gospel]].
'''Verses''' 28-36
[[Christ]]'s transfiguration was a specimen of that [[glory]] in which he will come to judge the world; and was an encouragement to his disciples to suffer for him. Prayer is a transfiguring, transforming duty, which makes the face to shine. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], even in his transfiguration, was willing to speak concerning his [[death]] and sufferings. In our greatest glories on earth, let us remember that in this [[world]] we have no continuing city. What need we have to pray to [[God]] for quickening grace, to make us lively! Yet that the disciples might be witnesses of this sign from heaven, after awhile they became awake, so that they were able to give a full account of what passed. But those know not what they say, that talk of making tabernacles on earth for glorified saints in heaven.
'''Verses''' 37-42
How deplorable the case of this child! He was under the power of an evil spirit. Disease of that nature are more frightful than such as arise merely from natural causes. What mischief [[Satan]] does where he gets possession! But happy those that have access to Christ! He can do that for us which his disciples cannot. A word from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] healed the child; and when our [[children]] recover from sickness, it is comfortable to receive them as healed by the hand of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 43-50
This prediction of [[Christ]]'s sufferings was plain enough, but the disciples would not understand it, because it agreed not with their notions. A little child is the emblem by which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] teaches us simplicity and humility. What greater honour can any man attain to in this world, than to be received by men as a messenger of [[God]] and Christ; and to have [[God]] and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] own themselves received and welcomed in him! If ever any society of [[Christians]] in this world, had reason to silence those not of their own communion, the twelve disciples at this time had; yet [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] warned them not to do the like again. Those may be found faithful followers of [[Christ]], and may be accepted of him, who do not follow with us.
'''Verses''' 51-56
The disciples did not consider that the conduct of the Samaritans was rather the effect of national prejudices and bigotry, than of enmity to the word and [[worship]] of [[God]]; and through they refused to receive Christ and his disciples, they did not ill use or injure them, so that the case was widely different from that of Ahaziah and Elijah. Nor were they aware that the [[gospel]] dispensation was to be marked by [[miracle]]s of [[mercy]]. But above all, they were ignorant of the prevailing motives of their own hearts, which were pride and carnal ambition. Of this our [[Lord]] warned them. It is easy for us to say, Come, see our zeal for the [[Lord]]! and to think we are very faithful in his cause, when we are seeking our own objects, and even doing harm instead of good to others.
'''Verses''' 57-62
Here is one that is forward to follow [[Christ]], but seems to have been hasty and rash, and not to have counted the cost. If we mean to follow [[Christ]], we must lay aside the thoughts of great things in the world. Let us not try to join the profession of [[Christianity]], with seeking after worldly advantages. Here is another that seems resolved to follow [[Christ]], but he begs a short delay. To this man [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] first gave the call; he said to him, Follow me. Religion teaches us to be kind and good, to show piety at home, and to requite our parents; but we must not make these an excuse for neglecting our duty to [[God]]. Here is another that is willing to follow [[Christ]], but he must have a little time to talk with his friends about it, and to set in order his household affairs, and give directions concerning them. He seemed to have worldly concerns more upon his [[heart]] than he ought to have, and he was willing to enter into a [[temptation]] leading him from his purpose of following [[Christ]]. No one can do any business in a proper manner, if he is attending to other things. Those who begin with the work of [[God]], must resolve to go on, or they will make nothing of it. Looking back, leads to drawing back, and drawing back is to perdition. He only that endures to the end shall be saved.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Seventy disciples sent forth.
(1-16)
The blessedness of [[Christ]]'s disciples.
(17-24)
The good Samaritan.
(25-37)
[[Jesus]] at the house of Martha and [[Mary]].
(38-42)
'''Verses''' 1-16
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] sent the seventy disciples, two and two, that they might strengthen and encourage one another. The ministry of the [[gospel]] calls men to receive [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as a Prince and a [[Saviour]]; and he will surely come in the power of his [[Spirit]] to all places whither he sends his faithful servants. But the doom of those who receive the [[grace]] of [[God]] in vain, will be very fearful Those who despise the faithful ministers of [[Christ]], who think meanly of them, and look scornfully upon them, will be reckoned as despisers of [[God]] and [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 17-24
All our victories over [[Satan]], are obtained by power derived from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], and he must have all the praise. But let us beware of spiritual pride, which has been the destruction of many. Our [[Lord]] [[rejoice]]d at the prospect of the [[salvation]] of many souls. It was fit that particular notice should be taken of that hour of joy; there were few such, for He was a man of sorrows: in that hour in which he saw [[Satan]] fall, and heard of the good success of his ministers, in that hour he [[rejoice]]d. He has ever resisted the proud, and given [[grace]] to the humble. The more simply dependent we are on the teaching, help, and blessing of the Son of [[God]], the more we shall know both of the Father and of the Son; the more blessed we shall be in seeing the glory, and hearing the words of the [[Divine]] [[Saviour]]; and the more useful we shall be made in promoting his cause.
'''Verses''' 25-37
If we speak of [[eternal life]], and the way to it, in a careless manner, we take the name of [[God]] in vain. No one will ever [[love]] [[God]] and his neighbour with any measure of pure, spiritual love, who is not made a partaker of converting grace. But the proud [[heart]] of man strives hard against these convictions. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gave an instance of a poor Jew in distress, relieved by a good Samaritan. This poor man fell among thieves, who left him about to die of his wounds. He was slighted by those who should have been his friends, and was cared for by a stranger, a Samaritan, of the nation which the [[Jews]] most despised and detested, and would have no dealings with. It is lamentable to observe how selfishness governs all ranks; how many excuses men will make to avoid trouble or expense in relieving others. But the true [[Christian]] has the law of [[love]] written in his heart. The [[Spirit]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] dwells in him; [[Christ]]'s image is renewed in his soul. The parable is a beautiful explanation of the law of loving our neighbour as ourselves, without regard to nation, party, or any other distinction. It also sets forth the kindness and [[love]] of [[God]] our [[Saviour]] toward sinful, miserable men. We were like this poor, distressed traveller. [[Satan]], our enemy, has robbed us, and wounded us: such is the mischief [[sin]] has done us. The blessed [[Jesus]] had compassion on us. The [[believer]] considers that [[Jesus]] loved him, and gave his life for him, when an enemy and a rebel; and having shown him [[mercy]], he bids him go and do likewise. It is the duty of us all , in our places, and according to our ability, to succour, help, and relieve all that are in distress and necessity.
'''Verses''' 38-42
A good sermon is not the worse for being preached in a house; and the visits of our friends should be so managed, as to make them turn to the good of their souls. Sitting at [[Christ]]'s feet, signifies readiness to receive his word, and submission to the guidance of it. Martha was providing for the entertainment of [[Christ]], and those that came with him. Here were respect to our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] and right care of her household affairs. But there was something to be blamed. She was for much serving; plenty, variety, and exactness. Worldly business is a snare to us, when it hinders us from serving [[God]], and getting good to our souls. What needless time is wasted, and expense often laid out, even in entertaining professors of the [[gospel]]! Though Martha was on this occasion faulty, yet she was a true [[believer]], and in her general conduct did not neglect the one thing needful. The favour of [[God]] is needful to our happiness; the [[salvation]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is needful to our safety. Where this is attended to, all other things will be rightly pursued. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] declared, [[Mary]] hath chosen the good part. For one thing is needful, this one thing that she has done, to give up herself to the guidance of [[Christ]]. The things of this life will be taken away from us, at the furthest, when we shall be taken away from them; but nothing shall separate from the [[love]] of [[Christ]], and a part in that love. Men and devils cannot take it away from us, and [[God]] and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not. Let us mind the one thing needful more diligently.
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
The disciples taught to pray.
(1-4)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] encourages being earnest in [[prayer]].
(5-13)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] casts out a devil, The blasphemy of the [[Pharisees]].
(14-26)
True happiness.
(27, 28)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the [[Jews]].
(29-36)
He reproves the [[Pharisees]].
(37-54)
'''Verses''' 1-4
"[[Lord]], teach us to pray," is a good [[prayer]], and a very needful one, for [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] only can teach us, by his word and Spirit, how to pray. [[Lord]], teach me what it is to pray; [[Lord]], stir up and quicken me to the duty; [[Lord]], direct me what to pray for; teach me what I should say. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] taught them a [[prayer]], much the same that he had given before in his sermon upon the mount. There are some differences in the words of the [[Lord]]'s [[prayer]] in Matthew and in [[Luke]], but they are of no moment. Let us in our requests, both for others and for ourselves, come to our heavenly Father, confiding in his power and goodness.
'''Verses''' 5-13
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] encourages fervency and constancy in [[prayer]]. We must come for what we need, as a man does to his neighbour or friend, who is kind to him. We must come for bread; for that which is needful. If [[God]] does not answer our [[prayer]]s speedily, yet he will in due time, if we continue to pray. Observe what to pray for; we must ask for the [[Holy Spirit]], not only as necessary in order to our praying well, but as all spiritual blessings are included in that one. For by the influences of the Holy [[Spirit]] we are brought to know [[God]] and ourselves, to repent, believe in, and [[love]] [[Christ]], and so are made comfortable in this world, and meet for happiness in the next. All these blessings our heavenly Father is more ready to bestow on every one that asks for them, than an indulgent parent is to give food to a hungry child. And this is the advantage of the [[prayer]] of faith, that it quiets and establishes the [[heart]] in [[God]].
'''Verses''' 14-26
[[Christ]]'s thus casting out the devils, was really the destroying of their power. The [[heart]] of every unconverted sinner is the devil's palace, where he dwells, and where he rules. There is a kind of [[peace]] in the [[heart]] of an unconverted soul, while the devil, as a strong man armed, keeps it. The sinner is secure, has no doubt concerning the goodness of his state, nor any dread of the judgment to come. But observe the wonderful change made in conversion. The conversion of a soul to [[God]], is [[Christ]]'s victory over the devil and his power in that soul, restoring the soul to its liberty, and recovering his own interest in it and power over it. All the endowments of mind of body are now employed for [[Christ]]. Here is the condition of a hypocrite. The house is swept from common sins, by a forced confession, as [[Pharaoh]]'s; by a feigned contrition, as [[Text:EBD:Ahab|Ahab]]'s; or by a partial reformation, as Herod's. The house is swept, but it is not washed; the [[heart]] is not made holy. Sweeping takes off only the loose dirt, while the [[sin]] that besets the sinner, the beloved [[sin]], is untouched. The house is garnished with common gifts and graces. It is not furnished with any true grace; it is all paint and varnish, not real nor lasting. It was never given up to [[Christ]], nor dwelt in by the [[Spirit]]. Let us take heed of resting in that which a man may have, and yet come short of heaven. The wicked spirits enter in without any difficulty; they are welcomed, and they dwell there; there they work, there they rule. From such an awful state let all earnestly pray to be delivered.
'''Verses''' 27, 28
While the scribes and [[Pharisees]] despised and blasphemed the discourses of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], this good woman admired them, and the wisdom and power with which he spake. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] led the woman to a higher consideration. Though it is a great privilege to hear the word of [[God]], yet those only are truly blessed, that is, blessed of the [[Lord]], that hear it, keep it in memory, and keep to it as their way and rule.
'''Verses''' 29-36
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promised that there should be one sign more given, even the sign of Jonah the prophet; which in Matthew is explained, as meaning the resurrection of Christ; and he warned them to improve this sign. But though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself were the constant preacher in any congregation, and worked [[miracle]]s daily among them, yet unless his [[grace]] humbled their hearts, they would not profit by his word. Let us not desire more evidence and fuller teaching than the [[Lord]] is pleased to afford us. We should pray without ceasing that our hearts and understandings may be opened, that we may profit by the light we enjoy. And especially take heed that the light which is in us be not darkness; for if our leading principles be wrong, our judgment and practice must become more so.
'''Verses''' 37-54
We should all look to our hearts, that they may be cleansed and new-created; and while we attend to the great things of the law and of the [[gospel]], we must not neglect the smallest matter [[God]] has appointed. When any wait to catch something out of our mouths, that they may insnare us, O [[Lord]], give us thy prudence and thy patience, and disappoint their evil purposes. Furnish us with such meekness and patience that we may [[glory]] in reproaches, for [[Christ]]'s sake, and that thy [[Holy Spirit]] may rest upon us.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the interpreters of the law.
(1-12)
A caution against covetousness, The parable of the rich man.
(13-21)
Worldly care reproved.
(22-40)
Watchfulness enforced.
(41-53)
A warning to be reconciled to [[God]].
(54-59)
'''Verses''' 1-12
A firm belief of the doctrine of [[God]]'s universal providence, and the extent of it, would satisfy us when in peril, and encourage us to trust [[God]] in the way of duty. Providence takes notice of the meanest creatures, even of the sparrows, and therefore of the smallest interests of the disciples of [[Christ]]. Those who confess [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] now, shall be owned by him in the great day, before the angels of [[God]]. To deter us from denying [[Christ]], and deserting his truths and ways, we are here assured that those who deny [[Christ]], though they may thus save life itself, and though they may gain a kingdom by it, will be great losers at last; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not know them, will not own them, nor show them favour. But let no trembling, penitent backslider doubt of obtaining forgiveness. This is far different from the determined enmity that is blasphemy against the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], which shall never be forgiven, because it will never be repented of.
'''Verses''' 13-21
[[Christ]]'s kingdom is spiritual, and not of this world. [[Christianity]] does not meddle with politics; it obliges all to do justly, but wordly dominion is not founded in grace. It does not encourage expectations of worldly advantages by [[religion]]. The rewards of [[Christ]]'s disciples are of another nature. Covetousness is a [[sin]] we need constantly to be warned against; for happiness and comfort do not depend on the wealth of this world. The things of the [[world]] will not satisfy the desires of a soul. Here is a parable, which shows the folly of carnal worldling while they live, and their misery when they die. The character drawn is exactly that of a prudent, worldly man, who has no grateful regard to the providence of [[God]], nor any right thought of the uncertainty of human affairs, the worth of his soul, or the importance of eternity. How many, even among professed [[Christians]], point out similar characters as models for imitation, and proper persons to form connexions with! We mistake if we think that thoughts are hid, and thoughts are free. When he saw a great crop upon his ground, instead of thanking [[God]] for it, or rejoicing to be able to do more good, he afflicts himself. What shall I do now? The poorest beggar in the country could not have said a more anxious word. The more men have, the more perplexity they have with it. It was folly for him to think of making no other use of his plenty, than to indulge the flesh and gratify the sensual appetites, without any thought of doing good to others. Carnal worldlings are fools; and the day is coming when [[God]] will call them by their own name, and they will call themselves so. The [[death]] of such persons is miserable in itself, and terrible to them. Thy soul shall be required. He is loth to part with it; but [[God]] shall require it, shall require an account of it, require it as a guilty soul to be punished without delay. It is the folly of most men, to mind and pursue that which is for the body and for time only, more than that for the soul and eternity.
'''Verses''' 22-40
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] largely insisted upon this caution not to give way to disquieting, perplexing cares, Mt 6:25-34. The arguments here used are for our encouragement to cast our care upon [[God]], which is the right way to get ease. As in our stature, so in our state, it is our wisdom to take it as it is. An eager, anxious pursuit of the things of this world, even necessary things, ill becomes the disciples of [[Christ]]. Fears must not prevail; when we frighten ourselves with thoughts of evil to come, and put ourselves upon needless cares how to avoid it. If we value the beauty of [[holiness]], we shall not crave the luxuries of life. Let us then examine whether we belong to this little flock. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is our Master, and we are his servants; not only working servants, but waiting servants. We must be as men that wait for their lord, that sit up while he stays out late, to be ready to receive him. In this [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] alluded to his own ascension to heaven, his coming to call his people to him by death, and his return to judge the world. We are uncertain as to the time of his coming to us, we should therefore be always ready. If men thus take care of their houses, let us be thus wise for our souls. Be ye therefore ready also; as ready as the good man of the house would be, if he knew at what hour the thief would come.
'''Verses''' 41-53
All are to take to themselves what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] says in his word, and to inquire concerning it. No one is left so ignorant as not to know many things to be wrong which he does, and many things to be right which he neglects; therefore all are without excuse in their sin. The bringing in the [[gospel]] dispensation would occasion desolations. Not that this would be the tendency of [[Christ]]'s [[religion]], which is pure, [[peace]]able, and loving; but the effect of its being contrary to men's pride and lusts. There was to be a wide publication of the [[gospel]]. But before that took place, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had a baptism to be baptized with, far different from that of water and the [[Holy Spirit]]. He must endure sufferings and death. It agreed not with his plan to preach the [[gospel]] more widely, till this baptism was completed. We should be zealous in making known the truth, for though divisions will be stirred up, and a man's own household may be his foes, yet sinners will be converted, and [[God]] will be glorified.
'''Verses''' 54-59
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] would have the people to be as wise in the concerns of their souls as they are in outward affairs. Let them hasten to obtain [[peace]] with [[God]] before it is too late. If any man has found that [[God]] has set himself against him concerning his sins, let him apply to him as [[God]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reconciling the [[world]] to himself. While we are alive, we are in the way, and now is our time.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to [[Repentance|repentance]] from the case of the Galileans and others.
(1-5)
Parable of the barren fig-tree.
(6-9)
The infirm woman strengthened.
(10-17)
The parables of the mustard seed, and leaven.
(18-22)
Exhortation to enter at the strait gate.
(23-30)
[[Christ]]'s reproof to Herod, and to the people of [[Jerusalem]].
(31-35)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Mention was made to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] of the [[death]] of some Galileans. This tragical story is briefly related here, and is not met with in any historians. In [[Christ]]'s reply he spoke of another event, which, like it, gave an instance of people taken away by sudden death. Towers, that are built for safety, often prove to be men's destruction. He cautioned his hearers not to blame great sufferers, as if they were therefore to be accounted great sinners. As no place or employment can secure from the stroke of death, we should consider the sudden removals of others as warnings to ourselves. On these accounts [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] founded a call to repentance. The same [[Jesus]] that bids us repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand, bids us repent, for otherwise we shall perish.
'''Verses''' 6-9
This parable of the barren fig-tree is intended to enforce the warning given just before: the barren tree, except it brings forth fruit, will be cut down. This parable in the first place refers to the nation and people of the [[Jews]]. Yet it is, without doubt, for awakening all that enjoy the means of grace, and the privileges of the visible [[church]]. When [[God]] has borne long, we may [[hope]] that he will bear with us yet a little longer, but we cannot expect that he will bear always.
'''Verses''' 10-17
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] attended upon public [[worship]] on the sabbaths. Even bodily infirmities, unless very grievous, should not keep us from public [[worship]] on sabbath days. This woman came to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be taught, and to get good to her soul, and then he relieved her bodily infirmity. This cure represents the work of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] upon the soul. And when crooked souls are made straight, they will show it by glorifying [[God]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knew that this ruler had a real enmity to him and to his [[gospel]], and that he did but cloak it with a pretended zeal for the sabbath day; he really would not have them be healed any day; but if [[Jesus]] speaks the word, and puts forth his [[healing]] power, sinners are set free. This deliverance is often wrought on the [[Lord]]'s day; and whatever labour tends to put men in the way of receiving the blessing, agrees with the design of that day.
'''Verses''' 18-22
Here is the progress of the [[gospel]] foretold in two parables, as in Mt 13. The kingdom of the [[Messiah]] is the kingdom of [[God]]. May [[grace]] grow in our hearts; may our [[faith]] and [[love]] grow exceedingly, so as to give undoubted evidence of their reality. May the example of [[God]]'s saints be blessed to those among whom they live; and may his [[grace]] flow from [[heart]] to heart, until the little one becomes a thousand.
'''Verses''' 23-30
Our [[Saviour]] came to guide men's consciences, not to gratify their curiosity. Ask not, How many shall be saved? But, Shall I be one of them? Not, What shall become of such and such? But, What shall I do, and what will become of me? Strive to enter in at the strait gate. This is directed to each of us; it is, Strive ye. All that will be saved, must enter in at the strait gate, must undergo a change of the whole man. Those that would enter in, must strive to enter. Here are awakening considerations, to enforce this exhortation. Oh that we may be all awakened by them! They answer the question, Are there few that shall be saved? But let none despond either as to themselves or others, for there are last who shall be first, and first who shall be last. If we reach heaven, we shall meet many there whom we little thought to meet, and miss many whom we expected to find.
'''Verses''' 31-35
[[Christ]], in calling Herod a fox, gave him his true character. The greatest of men were accountable to [[God]], therefore it became him to call this proud king by his own name; but it is not an example for us. I know, said our [[Lord]], that I must die very shortly; when I die, I shall be perfected, I shall have completed my undertaking. It is good for us to look upon the time we have before us as but little, that we may thereby be quickened to do the work of the day in its day. The wickedness of persons and places which more than others profess [[religion]] and relation to [[God]], especially displeases and grieves the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. The judgment of the great day will convince unbelievers; but let us learn thankfully to welcome, and to profit by all who come in the name of the [[Lord]], to call us to partake of his great [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] heals a man on the sabbath.
(1-6)
He teaches humility.
(7-14)
Parable of the great supper.
(15-24)
The necessity of consideration and self-denial.
(25-35)
'''Verses''' 1-6
This Pharisee, as well as others, seems to have had an ill design in entertaining [[Jesus]] at his house. But our [[Lord]] would not be hindered from [[healing]] a man, though he knew a clamour would be raised at his doing it on the sabbath. It requires care to understand the proper connexion between piety and charity in observing the sabbath, and the distinction between works of real necessity and habits of self-indulgence. [[Wisdom]] from above, teaches patient perseverance in well-doing.
'''Verses''' 7-14
Even in the common actions of life, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] marks what we do, not only in our religious assemblies, but at our tables. We see in many cases, that a man's pride will bring him low, and before honour is humility. Our [[Saviour]] here teaches, that works of charity are better than works of show. But our [[Lord]] did not mean that a proud and unbelieving liberality should be rewarded, but that his precept of doing good to the poor and afflicted should be observed from [[love]] to him.
'''Verses''' 15-24
In this parable observe the free [[grace]] and [[mercy]] of [[God]] shining in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], which will be food and a feast for the soul of a man that knows its own wants and miseries. All found some pretence to put off their attendance. This reproves the Jewish nation for their neglect of the offers of [[Christ]]'s grace. It shows also the backwardness there is to close with the [[gospel]] call. The want of gratitude in those who slight [[gospel]] offers, and the contempt put upon the [[God]] of heaven thereby, justly provoke him. The apostles were to turn to the [[Gentiles]], when the [[Jews]] refused the offer; and with them the [[church]] was filled. The provision made for precious souls in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], has not been made in vain; for if some reject, others will thankfully accept the offer. The very poor and low in the world, shall be as welcome to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as the rich and great; and many times the [[gospel]] has the greatest success among those that labour under worldly disadvantages and bodily infirmities. [[Christ]]'s house shall at last be filled; it will be so when the number of the elect is completed.
'''Verses''' 25-35
Though the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] are not all crucified, yet they all bear their cross, and must bear it in the way of duty. [[Jesus]] bids them count upon it, and then consider of it. Our [[Saviour]] explains this by two similitudes; the former showing that we must consider the expenses of our [[religion]]; the latter, that we must consider the perils of it. Sit down and count the cost; consider it will cost the mortifying of [[sin]], even the most beloved lusts. The proudest and most daring sinner cannot stand against [[God]], for who knows the power of his anger? It is our interest to seek [[peace]] with him, and we need not send to ask conditions of [[peace]], they are offered to us, and are highly to our advantage. In some way a disciple of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will be put to the trial. May we seek to be disciples indeed, and be careful not to grow slack in our profession, or afraid of the cross; that we may be the good salt of the earth, to season those around us with the savour of [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
Parables of the lost sheep, and the piece of silver.
(1-10)
The prodigal son, his wickedness and distress.
(11-16)
His [[Repentance|repentance]] and [[pardon]] .
(17-24)
The elder brother offended.
(25-32)
'''Verses''' 1-10
The parable of the lost sheep is very applicable to the great work of man's redemption. The lost sheep represents the sinner as departed from [[God]], and exposed to certain ruin if not brought back to him, yet not desirous to return. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is earnest in bringing sinners home. In the parable of the lost piece of silver, that which is lost, is one piece, of small value compared with the rest. Yet the woman seeks diligently till she finds it. This represents the various means and methods [[God]] makes use of to bring lost souls home to himself, and the [[Saviour]]'s joy on their return to him. How careful then should we be that our [[Repentance|repentance]] is unto [[salvation]]!
'''Verses''' 11-16
The parable of the prodigal son shows the nature of repentance, and the [[Lord]]'s readiness to welcome and bless all who return to him. It fully sets forth the riches of [[gospel]] grace; and it has been, and will be, while the [[world]] stands, of unspeakable use to poor sinners, to direct and to encourage them in repenting and returning to [[God]]. It is bad, and the beginning of worse, when men look upon [[God]]'s gifts as debts due to them. The great folly of sinners, and that which ruins them, is, being content in their life-time to receive their good things. Our first parents ruined themselves and all their race, by a foolish ambition to be independent, and this is at the bottom of sinners' persisting in their sin. We may all discern some features of our own characters in that of the prodigal son. A sinful state is of departure and distance from [[God]]. A sinful state is a spending state: wilful sinners misemploy their thoughts and the powers of their souls, mispend their time and all their opportunities. A sinful state is a wanting state. Sinners want necessaries for their souls; they have neither food nor raiment for them, nor any provision for hereafter. A sinful state is a vile, slavish state. The business of the devil's servants is to make provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof, and that is no better than feeding swine. A sinful state is a state constant discontent. The wealth of the [[world]] and the pleasures of the senses will not even satisfy our bodies; but what are they to precious souls! A sinful state is a state which cannot look for relief from any creature. In vain do we cry to the [[world]] and to the flesh; they have that which will poison a soul, but have nothing to give which will feed and nourish it. A sinful state is a state of death. A sinner is dead in trespasses and sins, destitute of spiritual life. A sinful state is a lost state. Souls that are separated from [[God]], if his [[mercy]] prevent not, will soon be lost for ever. The prodigal's wretched state, only faintly shadows forth the awful ruin of man by sin. Yet how few are sensible of their own state and character!
'''Verses''' 17-24
Having viewed the prodigal in his abject state of misery, we are next to consider his recovery from it. This begins by his coming to himself. That is a turning point in the sinner's conversion. The [[Lord]] opens his eyes, and convinces him of sin; then he views himself and every object, in a different light from what he did before. Thus the convinced sinner perceives that the meanest servant of [[God]] is happier than he is. To look unto [[God]] as a Father, and our Father, will be of great use in our [[Repentance|repentance]] and return to him. The prodigal arose, nor stopped till he reached his home. Thus the repenting sinner resolutely quits the bondage of [[Satan]] and his lusts, and returns to [[God]] by [[prayer]], notwithstanding fears and discouragements. The [[Lord]] meets him with unexpected tokens of his forgiving love. Again; the reception of the humbled sinner is like that of the prodigal. He is clothed in the robe of the [[Redeemer]]'s righteousness, made partaker of the [[Spirit]] of adoption, prepared by [[peace]] of conscience and [[gospel]] [[grace]] to walk in the ways of [[holiness]], and feasted with [[Divine]] consolations. Principles of [[grace]] and [[holiness]] are wrought in him, to do, as well as to will.
'''Verses''' 25-32
In the latter part of this parable we have the character of the [[Pharisees]], though not of them alone. It sets forth the kindness of the [[Lord]], and the proud manner in which his gracious kindness is often received. The [[Jews]], in general, showed the same spirit towards the converted [[Gentiles]]; and numbers in every age object to the [[gospel]] and its preachers, on the same ground. What must that temper be, which stirs up a man to despise and abhor those for whom the [[Saviour]] shed his precious blood, who are objects of the Father's choice, and temples of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]! This springs from pride, self-preference, and ignorance of a man's own heart. The [[mercy]] and [[grace]] of our [[God]] in [[Christ]], shine almost as bright in his tender and gentle bearing with peevish saints, as his receiving prodigal sinners upon their repentance. It is the unspeakable happiness of all the [[children]] of [[God]], who keep close to their Father's house, that they are, and shall be ever with him. Happy will it be for those who thankfully accept [[Christ]]'s invitation.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
''Chapter Outline''
The parable of the unjust steward.
(1-12)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the hypocrisy of the covetous [[Pharisees]].
(13-18)
The rich man and Lazarus.
(19-31)
'''Verses''' 1-12
Whatever we have, the property of it is [[God]]'s; we have only the use of it, according to the direction of our great [[Lord]], and for his honour. This steward wasted his lord's goods. And we are all liable to the same charge; we have not made due improvement of what [[God]] has trusted us with. The steward cannot deny it; he must make up his accounts, and be gone. This may teach us that [[death]] will come, and deprive us of the opportunities we now have. The steward will make friends of his lord's debtors or tenants, by striking off a considerable part of their debt to his lord. The lord referred to in this parable commended not the fraud, but the policy of the steward. In that respect alone is it so noticed. Worldly men, in the choice of their object, are foolish; but in their activity, and perseverance, they are often wiser than [[believer]]s. The unjust steward is not set before us as an example in cheating his master, or to justify any dishonesty, but to point out the careful ways of worldly men. It would be well if the [[children]] of light would learn wisdom from the men of the world, and would as earnestly pursue their better object. The true riches signify spiritual blessings; and if a man spends upon himself, or hoards up what [[God]] has trusted to him, as to outward things, what evidence can he have, that he is an heir of [[God]] through Christ? The riches of this [[world]] are deceitful and uncertain. Let us be convinced that those are truly rich, and very rich, who are rich in faith, and rich toward [[God]], rich in [[Christ]], in the promises; let us then lay up our treasure in heaven, and expect our portion from thence.
'''Verses''' 13-18
To this parable our [[Lord]] added a solemn warning. Ye cannot serve [[God]] and the world, so divided are the two interests. When our [[Lord]] spoke thus, the covetous [[Pharisees]] treated his instructions with contempt. But he warned them, that what they contended for as the law, was a wresting of its meaning: this our [[Lord]] showed in a case respecting divorce. There are many covetous sticklers for the forms of [[godliness]], who are the bitterest enemies to its power, and try to set others against the truth.
'''Verses''' 19-31
Here the spiritual things are represented, in a description of the different state of good and bad, in this [[world]] and in the other. We are not told that the rich man got his estate by fraud, or oppression; but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shows, that a man may have a great deal of the wealth, pomp, and pleasure of this world, yet perish for ever under [[God]]'s wrath and curse. The [[sin]] of this rich man was his providing for himself only. Here is a godly man, and one that will hereafter be happy for ever, in the depth of adversity and distress. It is often the lot of some of the dearest of [[God]]'s saints and servants to be greatly afflicted in this world. We are not told that the rich man did him any harm, but we do not find that he had any care for him. Here is the different condition of this godly poor man, and this wicked rich man, at and after death. The rich man in hell lifted up his eyes, being in torment. It is not probable that there are discourses between glorified saints and damned sinners, but this dialogue shows the hopeless misery and fruitless desires, to which condemned spirits are brought. There is a day coming, when those who now hate and despise the people of [[God]], would gladly receive kindness from them. But the damned in hell shall not have the least abatement of their torment. Sinners are now called upon to remember; but they do not, they will not, they find ways to avoid it. As wicked people have good things only in this life, and at [[death]] are for ever separated from all good, so godly people have evil things only in this life, and at [[death]] they are for ever put from them. In this world, blessed be [[God]], there is no gulf between a state of nature and grace, we may pass from [[sin]] to [[God]]; but if we die in our sins, there is no coming out. The rich man had five brethren, and would have them stopped in their sinful course; their coming to that place of torment, would make his misery the worse, who had helped to show them the way thither. How many would now desire to recall or to undo what they have written or done! Those who would make the rich man's praying to [[Abraham]] justify praying to saints departed, go far to seek for proofs, when the mistake of a damned sinner is all they can find for an example. And surely there is no encouragement to follow the example, when all his [[prayer]]s were made in vain. A messenger from the dead could say no more than what is said in the Scriptures. The same strength of corruption that breaks through the convictions of the written word, would triumph over a witness from the dead. Let us seek to the law and to the testimony, Isa 8:19, 20, for that is the sure word of prophecy, upon which we may rest, 2Pe 1:19. Circumstances in every age show that no terrors, or arguments, can give true [[Repentance|repentance]] without the special [[grace]] of [[God]] renewing the sinner's heart.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
To avoid offences, To pray for increase of faith, Humility taught.
(11-19)
Ten lepers cleansed.
(1-10)
[[Christ]]'s kingdom.
(20-37)
'''Verses''' 1-10
It is no abatement of their guilt by whom an offence comes, nor will it lessen their punishment that offences will come. Faith in [[God]]'s [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]], will enable us to get over the greatest difficulties in the way of forgiving our brethren. As with [[God]] nothing is impossible, so all things are possible to him that can believe. Our [[Lord]] showed his disciples their need of deep humility. The [[Lord]] has such a property in every creature, as no man can have in another; he cannot be in debt to them for their services, nor do they deserve any return from him.
'''Verses''' 11-19
A sense of our spiritual leprosy should make us very humble whenever we draw near to [[Christ]]. It is enough to refer ourselves to the compassions of [[Christ]], for they fail not. We may look for [[God]] to meet us with [[mercy]], when we are found in the way of obedience. Only one of those who were healed returned to give thanks. It becomes us, like him, to be very humble in thanksgivings, as well as in [[prayer]]s. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] noticed the one who thus distinguished himself, he was a Samaritan. The others only got the outward cure, he alone got the spiritual blessing.
'''Verses''' 20-37
The kingdom of [[God]] was among the [[Jews]], or rather within some of them. It was a spiritual kingdom, set up in the [[heart]] by the power of Divine grace. Observe how it had been with sinners formerly, and in what state the judgments of [[God]], which they had been warned of, found them. Here is shown what a dreadful surprise this destruction will be to the secure and sensual. Thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to destroy the Jewish nation by the Roman armies, that nation was found in such a state of false security as is here spoken of. In like manner, when [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall come to judge the world, sinners will be found altogether regardless; for in like manner the sinners of every age go on securely in their evil ways, and remember not their latter end. But wherever the wicked are, who are marked for eternal ruin, they shall be found by the judgments of [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
The parable of the importunate widow.
(1-8)
The Pharisee and the publican.
(9-14)
Children brought to [[Christ]].
(15-17)
The ruler hindered by his riches.
(18-30)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] foreshows his death.
(31-34)
A blind man restored to sight.
(35-43)
'''Verses''' 1-8
All [[God]]'s people are praying people. Here earnest steadiness in [[prayer]] for spiritual mercies is taught. The widow's earnestness prevailed even with the unjust judge: she might [[fear]] lest it should set him more against her; but our earnest [[prayer]] is pleasing to our [[God]]. Even to the end there will still be ground for the same complaint of weakness of faith.
'''Verses''' 9-14
This parable was to convince some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others. [[God]] sees with what disposition and design we come to him in holy ordinances. What the Pharisee said, shows that he trusted to himself that he was righteous. We may suppose he was free from gross and scandalous sins. All this was very well and commendable. Miserable is the condition of those who come short of the righteousness of this Pharisee, yet he was not accepted; and why not? He went up to the [[temple]] to pray, but was full of himself and his own goodness; the favour and [[grace]] of [[God]] he did not think worth asking. Let us beware of presenting proud devotions to the [[Lord]], and of despising others. The publican's address to [[God]] was full of humility, and of [[Repentance|repentance]] for [[sin]], and desire toward [[God]]. His [[prayer]] was short, but to the purpose; [[God]] be merciful to me a sinner. Blessed be [[God]], that we have this short [[prayer]] upon record, as an answered [[prayer]]; and that we are sure that he who prayed it, went to his house justified; for so shall we be, if we pray it, as he did, through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. He owned himself a sinner by nature, by practice, guilty before [[God]]. He had no dependence but upon the [[mercy]] of [[God]]; upon that alone he relied. And [[God]]'s [[glory]] is to resist the proud, and give [[grace]] to the humble. Justification is of [[God]] in Christ; therefore the self-condemned, and not the self-righteous, are justified before [[God]].
'''Verses''' 15-17
None are too little, too young, to be brought to [[Christ]], who knows how to show kindness to those not capable of doing service to him. It is the mind of [[Christ]], that little [[children]] should be brought to him. The promise is to us, and to our seed; therefore He will bid them welcome to him with us. And we must receive his kingdom as children, not by purchase, and must call it our Father's gift.
'''Verses''' 18-30
Many have a great deal in them very commendable, yet perish for lack of some one thing; so this ruler could not bear [[Christ]]'s terms, which would part between him and his estate. Many who are loth to leave [[Christ]], yet do leave him. After a long struggle between their convictions and their corruptions, their corruptions carry the day. They are very sorry that they cannot serve both; but if one must be quitted, it shall be their [[God]], not their wordly gain. Their boasted obedience will be found mere outside show; the [[love]] of the [[world]] in some form or other lies at the root. Men are apt to speak too much of what they have left and lost, of what they have done and suffered for [[Christ]], as [[ Peter]] did. But we should rather be ashamed that there has been any regret or difficulty in doing it.
'''Verses''' 31-34
The [[Spirit]] of [[Christ]], in the Old Testament prophets, testified beforehand his sufferings, and the [[glory]] that should follow, 1Pe 1:11. The disciples' prejudices were so strong, that they would not understand these things literally. They were so intent upon the prophecies which spake of [[Christ]]'s glory, that they overlooked those which spake of his sufferings. People run into mistakes, because they read their [[Bible]]s by halves, and are only for the smooth things. We are as backward to learn the proper lessons from the sufferings, crucifixion, and resurrection of [[Christ]], as the disciples were to what he told them as to those events; and for the same reason; self-love, and a desire of worldly objects, close our understandings.
'''Verses''' 35-43
This poor blind man sat by the wayside, begging. He was not only blind, but poor, the fitter emblem of the [[world]] of mankind which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to heal and save. The [[prayer]] of faith, guided by [[Christ]]'s encouraging promises, and grounded on them, shall not be in vain. The [[grace]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ought to be thankfully acknowledged, to the [[glory]] of [[God]]. It is for the [[glory]] of [[God]] if we follow [[Jesus]], as those will do whose eyes are opened. We must praise [[God]] for his mercies to others, as well as for mercies to ourselves. Would we rightly understand these things, we must come to [[Christ]], like the blind man, earnestly beseeching him to open our eyes, and to show us clearly the excellence of his precepts, and the value of his [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The conversion of Zaccheus.
(1-10)
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
(11-27)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] enters [[Jerusalem]].
(28-40)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] laments over [[Jerusalem]].
(41-48)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Those who sincerely desire a sight of [[Christ]], like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know [[Christ]], shall be known of him. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the [[grace]] of [[God]], show the sincerity of his [[faith]] and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from [[sin]] to [[God]]. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of [[salvation]] are his. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is come to his house, and where [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] comes he brings [[salvation]] with him. He came into this lost [[world]] to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no [[salvation]] in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
'''Verses''' 11-27
This parable is like that of the talents, Mt 25. Those that are called to [[Christ]], he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the [[Spirit]] is given to every man to profit withal, 1Co 12:7. And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, 1Pe 4:10. The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of [[Christ]], as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the [[gospel]], which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that [[God]] gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the [[gospel]] may be differently improved.
'''Verses''' 28-40
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. [[Christ]]'s triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud [[Pharisees]], who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But [[Christ]], as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. [[Pharisees]] would silence the praises of [[Christ]], but they cannot; for as [[God]] can out of stones raise up [[children]] unto [[Abraham]], and turn the stony [[heart]] to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the [[Lord]] returns in [[glory]] to judge the world!
'''Verses''' 41-48
Who can behold the holy [[Jesus]], looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of [[God]] in the [[believer]], consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though [[Jesus]] wept over [[Jerusalem]], he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the [[death]] of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his [[salvation]]. The Son of [[God]] did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
The priests and scribes question [[Christ]]'s authority.
(1-8)
The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen.
(9-19)
Of giving tribute.
(20-26)
Concerning the resurrection.
(27-38)
The scribes silenced.
(39-47)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Men often pretend to examine the evidences of revelation, and the truth of the [[gospel]], when only seeking excuses for their own unbelief and disobedience. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] answered these priests and scribes with a plain question about the baptism of John, which the common people could answer. They all knew it was from heaven, nothing in it had an earthly tendency. Those that bury the knowledge they have, are justly denied further knowledge. It was just with [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to refuse to give account of his authority, to those who knew the baptism of John to be from heaven, yet would not believe in him, nor own their knowledge.
'''Verses''' 9-19
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] spake this parable against those who resolved not to own his authority, though the evidence of it was so full. How many resemble the [[Jews]] who murdered the prophets and crucified [[Christ]], in their enmity to [[God]], and aversion to his service, desiring to live according to their lusts, without control! Let all who are favoured with [[God]]'s word, look to it that they make proper use of their advantages. Awful will be the doom, both of those who reject the Son, and of those who profess to reverence Him, yet render not the fruits in due season. Though they could not but own that for such a [[sin]], such a punishment was just, yet they could not bear to hear of it. It is the folly of sinners, that they persevere in sinful ways, though they dread the destruction at the end of those ways.
'''Verses''' 20-26
Those who are most crafty in their designs against [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[gospel]], cannot hide them. He did not give a direct answer, but reproved them for offering to impose upon him; and they could not fasten upon any thing wherewith to stir up either the governor or the people against him. The wisdom which is from above, will direct all who teach the way of [[God]] truly, to avoid the snares laid for them by wicked men; and will teach our duty to [[God]], to our rulers, and to all men, so clearly, that opposers will have no evil to say of us.
'''Verses''' 27-38
It is common for those who design to undermine any truth of [[God]], to load it with difficulties. But we wrong ourselves, and wrong the truth of [[Christ]], when we form our notions of the [[world]] of spirits by this [[world]] of sense. There are more worlds than one; a present visible world, and a future unseen world; and let every one compare this world and that world, and give the preference in his thoughts and cares to that which deserves them. Believers shall obtain the resurrection from the dead, that is the blessed resurrection. What shall be the happy state of the inhabitants of that world, we cannot express or conceive, 1Co 2:9. Those that are entered into the [[joy]] of their [[Lord]], are entirely taken up therewith; when there is perfection of [[holiness]] there will be no occasion for preservatives from sin. And when [[God]] called himself the [[God]] of these patriarchs, he meant that he was a [[God]] all-sufficient to them, Ge 17:1, their exceeding great Reward, Ge 15:1. He never did that for them in this world, which answered the full extent of his undertaking; therefore there must be another life, in which he will do that for them, which will completely fulfil the promise.
'''Verses''' 39-47
The scribes commended the reply [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] made to the [[Sadducees]] about the resurrection, but they were silenced by a question concerning the [[Messiah]]. [[Christ]], as [[God]], was [[David]]'s [[Lord]]; but [[Christ]], as man, was [[David]]'s son. The scribes would receive the severest judgement for defrauding the poor widows, and for their abuse of [[religion]], particularly of [[prayer]], which they used as a pretence for carrying on worldly and wicked plans. Dissembled piety is double sin. Then let us beg of [[God]] to keep us from pride, ambition, covetousness, and every evil thing; and to teach us to seek that honour which comes from him alone.
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commends a poor widow.
(1-4)
His prophecy.
(5-28)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to watchfulness.
(29-38)
'''Verses''' 1-4
From the offering of this poor widow, learn that what we rightly give for the relief of the poor, and the support of [[God]]'s worship, is given unto [[God]]; and our [[Saviour]] sees with pleasure whatever we have in our hearts to give for the relief of his members, or for his service. Blessed [[Lord]]! the poorest of thy servants have two mites, they have a soul and a body; persuade and enable us to offer both unto thee; how happy shall we be in thine accepting of them!
'''Verses''' 5-28
With much curiosity those about [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ask as to the time when the great desolation should be. He answers with clearness and fulness, as far as was necessary to teach them their duty; for all knowledge is desirable as far as it is in order to practice. Though spiritual judgements are the most common in [[gospel]] times, yet [[God]] makes use of temporal judgments also. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] tells them what hard things they should suffer for his name's sake, and encourages them to bear up under their trials, and to go on in their work, notwithstanding the opposition they would meet with. [[God]] will stand by you, and own you, and assist you. This was remarkably fulfilled after the pouring out of the [[Spirit]], by whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gave his disciples wisdom and utterance. Though we may be losers for [[Christ]], we shall not, we cannot be losers by him, in the end. It is our duty and interest at all times, especially in perilous, trying times, to secure the safety of our own souls. It is by [[Christian]] patience we keep possession of our own souls, and keep out all those impressions which would put us out of temper. We may view the prophecy before us much as those Old Testament prophecies, which, together with their great object, embrace, or glance at some nearer object of importance to the [[church]]. Having given an idea of the times for about thirty-eight years next to come, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shows what all those things would end in, namely, the destruction of [[Jerusalem]], and the utter dispersion of the Jewish nation; which would be a type and figure of [[Christ]]'s second coming. The scattered [[Jews]] around us preach the truth of [[Christianity]]; and prove, that though heaven and earth shall pass away, the words of [[Jesus]] shall not pass away. They also remind us to pray for those times when neither the real, nor the spiritual [[Jerusalem]], shall any longer be trodden down by the [[Gentiles]], and when both [[Jews]] and [[Gentiles]] shall be turned to the [[Lord]]. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to destroy the [[Jews]], he came to redeem the [[Christians]] that were persecuted and oppressed by them; and then had the [[church]]es rest. When he comes to judge the world, he will redeem all that are his from their troubles. So fully did the [[Divine]] judgements come upon the [[Jews]], that their city is set as an example before us, to show that sins will not pass unpunished; and that the terrors of the [[Lord]], and his threatenings against impenitent sinners, will all come to pass, even as his word was true, and his wrath great upon [[Jerusalem]].
'''Verses''' 29-38
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] tells his disciples to observe the signs of the times, which they might judge by. He charges them to look upon the ruin of the Jewish nation as near. Yet this race and family of [[Abraham]] shall not be rooted out; it shall survive as a nation, and be found as prophesied, when the Son of man shall be revealed. He cautions them against being secure and sensual. This command is given to all [[Christ]]'s disciples, Take heed to yourselves, that ye be not overpowered by temptations, nor betrayed by your own corruptions. We cannot be safe, if we are carnally secure. Our danger is, lest the day of [[death]] and of judgment should come upon us when we are not prepared. Lest, when we are called to meet our [[Lord]], that be the furthest from our thoughts, which ought to be nearest our hearts. For so it will come upon the most of men, who dwell upon the earth, and mind earthly things only, and have no conVerse with heaven. It will be a terror and a destruction to them. Here see what should be our aim, that we may be accounted worthy to escape all those things; that when the judgements of [[God]] are abroad, we may not be in the common calamity, or it may not be that to us which it is to others. Do you ask how you may be found worthy to stand before [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] at that day? Those who never yet sought [[Christ]], let them now go unto him; those who never yet were humbled for their sins, let them now begin; those who have already begun, let them go forward and be kept humbled. Watch therefore, and pray always. Watch against sin; watch in every duty, and make the most of every opportunity to do good. Pray always: those shall be accounted worthy to live a life of praise in the other world, who live a life of [[prayer]] in this world. May we begin, employ, and conclude each day attending to [[Christ]]'s word, obeying his precepts, and following his example, that whenever he comes we may be found watching.
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
The treachery of Judas.
(1-6)
The passover.
(7-18)
The [[Lord]]'s supper instituted.
(19, 20)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] admonishes the disciples.
(21-38)
[[Christ]]'s agony in the garden.
(39-46)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] betrayed.
(47-53)
The fall of [[ Peter]].
(54-62)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] confesses himself to be the Son of [[God]].
(63-71)
'''Verses''' 1-6
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] so well, came to betray him, we are here told; [[Satan]] entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to [[Christ]]'s kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
'''Verses''' 7-18
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his [[gospel]] institutions, and most of all that of the [[Lord]]'s supper. Those who go upon [[Christ]]'s word, need not [[fear]] disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. [[Jesus]] bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's [[glory]] and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of [[God]] the substance was come.
'''Verses''' 19, 20
The [[Lord]]'s supper is a sign or memorial of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] already come, who by dying delivered us; his [[death]] is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of [[Christ]]'s body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of [[Christ]]'s making atonement for [[sin]], and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of [[Christ]]'s blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
'''Verses''' 21-38
How unbecoming is the worldly ambition of being the greatest, to the character of a follower of [[Jesus]], who took upon him the form of a servant, and humbled himself to the [[death]] of the cross! In the way to eternal happiness, we must expect to be assaulted and sifted by [[Satan]]. If he cannot destroy, he will try to disgrace or distress us. Nothing more certainly forebodes a fall, in a professed follower of [[Christ]], than self-confidence, with disregard to warnings, and contempt of danger. Unless we watch and pray always, we may be drawn in the course of the day into those sins which we were in the morning most resolved against. If [[believer]]s were left to themselves, they would fall; but they are kept by the power of [[God]], and the [[prayer]] of [[Christ]]. Our [[Lord]] gave notice of a very great change of circumstances now approaching. The disciples must not expect that their friends would be kind to them as they had been. Therefore, he that has a purse, let him take it, for he may need it. They must now expect that their enemies would be more fierce than they had been, and they would need weapons. At the time the apostles understood [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to mean real weapons, but he spake only of the weapons of the spiritual warfare. The sword of the [[Spirit]] is the sword with which the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must furnish themselves.
'''Verses''' 39-46
Every description which the evangelists give of the state of mind in which our [[Lord]] entered upon this conflict, proves the tremendous nature of the assault, and the perfect foreknowledge of its terrors possessed by the meek and lowly [[Jesus]]. Here are three things not in the other evangelists. 1. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was in his agony, there appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. It was a part of his humiliation that he was thus strengthened by a ministering spirit. 2. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly. Prayer, though never out of season, is in a special manner seasonable when we are in an agony. 3. In this agony his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down. This showed the travail of his soul. We should pray also to be enabled to resist unto the shedding of our blood, striving against [[sin]], if ever called to it. When next you dwell in imagination upon the delights of some favourite [[sin]], think of its effects as you behold them here! See its fearful effects in the garden of Gethsemane, and desire, by the help of [[God]], deeply to hate and to forsake that enemy, to ransom sinners from whom the [[Redeemer]] prayed, agonized, and bled.
'''Verses''' 47-53
Nothing can be a greater affront or grief to the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], than to be betrayed by those who profess to be his followers, and say that they [[love]] him. Many instances there are, of [[Christ]]'s being betrayed by those who, under the form of [[godliness]], fight against the power of it. [[Jesus]] here gave an illustrious example of his own rule of doing good to those that hate us, as afterwards he did of praying for those that despitefully use us. Corrupt nature warps our conduct to extremes; we should seek for the [[Lord]]'s direction before we act in difficult circumstances. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was willing to wait for his triumphs till his warfare was accomplished, and we must be so too. But the hour and the power of darkness were short, and such the triumphs of the wicked always will be.
'''Verses''' 54-62
Peter's fall was his denying that he knew [[Christ]], and was his disciple; disowning him because of distress and danger. He that has once told a lie, is strongly tempted to persist: the beginning of that [[sin]], like strife, is as the letting forth of water. The [[Lord]] turned and looked upon [[ Peter]]. 1. It was a convincing look. [[Jesus]] turned and looked upon him, as if he should say, Dost thou not know me, [[ Peter]]? 2. It was a chiding look. Let us think with what a rebuking countenance [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] may justly look upon us when we have sinned. 3. It was an expostulating look. Thou who wast the most forward to confess me to be the Son of [[God]], and didst solemnly promise thou wouldest never disown me! 4. It was a compassionate look. [[ Peter]], how art thou fallen and undone if I do not help thee! 5. It was a directing look, to go and bethink himself. 6. It was a significant look; it signified the conveying of [[grace]] to [[ Peter]]'s heart, to enable him to repent. The [[grace]] of [[God]] works in and by the word of [[God]], brings that to mind, and sets that home upon the conscience, and so gives the soul the happy turn. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] looked upon the chief priests, and made no impression upon them as he did on [[ Peter]]. It was not the mere look from [[Christ]], but the [[Divine]] [[grace]] with it, that restored [[ Peter]].
'''Verses''' 63-71
Those that condemned [[Jesus]] for a blasphemer, were the vilest blasphemers. He referred them to his second coming, for the full proof of his being the [[Christ]], to their confusion, since they would not admit the proof of it to their conviction. He owns himself to be the Son of [[God]], though he knew he should suffer for it. Upon this they ground his condemnation. Their eyes being blinded, they rush on. Let us meditate on this amazing transaction, and consider Him who endured such contradiction of sinners against himself.
----
'''Chapter''' 23
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] before Pilate.
(1-5)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] before Herod.
(6-12)
Barabbas preferred to [[Christ]].
(13-25)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] speaks of the destruction of [[Jerusalem]].
(26-31)
The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor.
(32-43)
The [[death]] of [[Christ]].
(44-49)
The burial of [[Christ]].
(50-56)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our [[Lord]]'s followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the [[Jews]] were the more angry. The [[Lord]] brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of [[Jesus]], who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.
'''Verses''' 6-12
Herod had heard many things of [[Jesus]] in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a [[miracle]] for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a [[miracle]] only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to [[God]], and contempt of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 13-25
The [[fear]] of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares [[Jesus]] innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered [[Jesus]] to their will, to be crucified.
'''Verses''' 26-31
We have here the blessed [[Jesus]], the Lamb of [[God]], led as a lamb to the slaughter, to the sacrifice. Though many reproached and reviled him, yet some pitied him. But the [[death]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was his victory and triumph over his enemies: it was our deliverance, the purchase of [[eternal life]] for us. Therefore weep not for him, but let us weep for our own sins, and the sins of our children, which caused his death; and weep for [[fear]] of the miseries we shall bring upon ourselves, if we slight his love, and reject his grace. If [[God]] delivered him up to such sufferings as these, because he was made a sacrifice for [[sin]], what will he do with sinners themselves, who make themselves a dry tree, a corrupt and wicked generation, and good for nothing! The bitter sufferings of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] should make us stand in awe of the justice of [[God]]. The best saints, compared with [[Christ]], are dry trees; if he suffer, why may not they expect to suffer? And what then shall the damnation of sinners be! Even the sufferings of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] preach terror to obstinate transgressors.
'''Verses''' 32-43
As soon as [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was fastened to the cross, he prayed for those who crucified him. The great thing he died to purchase and procure for us, is the [[forgiveness]] of sin. This he prays for. [[Jesus]] was crucified between two thieves; in them were shown the different effects the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] would have upon the [[children]] of men in the preaching the [[gospel]]. One malefactor was hardened to the last. No troubles of themselves will change a wicked heart. The other was softened at the last: he was snatched as a brand out of the burning, and made a monument of [[Divine]] [[mercy]]. This gives no encouragement to any to put off [[Repentance|repentance]] to their death-beds, or to [[hope]] that they shall then find [[mercy]]. It is certain that true [[Repentance|repentance]] is never too late; but it is as certain that late [[Repentance|repentance]] is seldom true. None can be sure they shall have time to repent at death, but every man may be sure he cannot have the advantages this penitent thief had. We shall see the case to be singular, if we observe the uncommon effects of [[God]]'s [[grace]] upon this man. He reproved the other for railing on [[Christ]]. He owned that he deserved what was done to him. He believed [[Jesus]] to have suffered wrongfully. Observe his [[faith]] in this [[prayer]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was in the depth of disgrace, suffering as a deceiver, and not delivered by his Father. He made this profession before the wonders were displayed which put honour on [[Christ]]'s sufferings, and startled the centurion. He believed in a life to come, and desired to be happy in that life; not like the other thief, to be only saved from the cross. Observe his humility in this [[prayer]]. All his request is, [[Lord]], remember me; quite referring it to [[Jesus]] in what way to remember him. Thus he was humbled in true repentance, and he brought forth all the fruits for [[Repentance|repentance]] his circumstances would admit. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upon the cross, is gracious like [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upon the throne. Though he was in the greatest struggle and agony, yet he had pity for a poor penitent. By this act of [[grace]] we are to understand that [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] died to open the kingdom of heaven to all penitent, obedient [[believer]]s. It is a single instance in Scripture; it should teach us to despair of none, and that none should despair of themselves; but lest it should be abused, it is contrasted with the awful state of the other thief, who died hardened in unbelief, though a crucified [[Saviour]] was so near him. Be sure that in general men die as they live.
'''Verses''' 44-49
We have here the [[death]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] magnified by the wonders that attended it, and his [[death]] explained by the words with which he breathed out his soul. He was willing to offer himself. Let us seek to glorify [[God]] by true [[Repentance|repentance]] and conversion; by protesting against those who crucify the [[Saviour]]; by a sober, righteous, and godly life; and by employing our talents in the service of Him who died for us and rose again.
'''Verses''' 50-56
Many, though they do not make any show in outward profession, yet, like [[Joseph]] of Arimathea, will be far more ready to do real service, when there is occasion, than others who make a greater noise. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was buried in haste, because the sabbath drew on. Weeping must not hinder sowing. Though they were in tears for the [[death]] of their [[Lord]], yet they must prepare to keep holy the sabbath. When the sabbath draws on, there must be preparation. Our worldly affairs must be so ordered, that they may not hinder us from our sabbath work; and our holy affections so stirred up, that they may carry us on in it. In whatever business we engage, or however our hearts may be affected, let us never fail to get ready for, and to keep holy, the day of sacred rest, which is the [[Lord]]'s day.
----
'''Chapter''' 24
''Chapter Outline''
The resurrection of [[Christ]].
(1-12)
He appears to two disciples on the way to Emmaus.
(13-27)
And makes himself known to them.
(28-35)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appears to the other disciples.
(36-49)
His ascension.
(50-53)
'''Verses''' 1-12
See the affection and respect the women showed to [[Christ]], after he was dead and buried. Observe their surprise when they found the stone rolled away, and the grave empty. [[Christians]] often perplex themselves about that with which they should comfort and encourage themselves. They look rather to find their Master in his grave-clothes, than angels in their shining garments. The angels assure them that he is risen from the dead; is risen by his own power. These angels from heaven bring not any new [[gospel]], but remind the women of [[Christ]]'s words, and teach them how to apply them. We may wonder that these disciples, who believed [[Jesus]] to be the Son of [[God]] and the true [[Messiah]], who had been so often told that he must die, and rise again, and then enter into his glory, who had seen him more than once raise the dead, yet should be so backward to believe his raising himself. But all our mistakes in [[religion]] spring from ignorance or forgetfulness of the words [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has spoken. [[ Peter]] now ran to the sepulchre, who so lately ran from his Master. He was amazed. There are many things puzzling and perplexing to us, which would be plain and profitable, if we rightly understood the words of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 13-27
This appearance of [[Jesus]] to the two disciples going to Emmaus, happened the same day that he rose from the dead. It well becomes the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to talk together of his [[death]] and resurrection; thus they may improve one another's knowledge, refresh one another's memory, and stir up each other's devout affections. And where but two together are well employed in work of that kind, he will come to them, and make a third. Those who seek [[Christ]], shall find him: he will manifest himself to those that inquire after him; and give knowledge to those who use the helps for knowledge which they have. No matter how it was, but so it was, they did not know him; he so ordering it, that they might the more freely discourse with him. [[Christ]]'s disciples are often sad and sorrowful, even when they have reason to [[rejoice]]; but through the weakness of their faith, they cannot take the comfort offered to them. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is entered into his state of exaltation, yet he notices the sorrows of his disciples, and is afflicted in their afflictions. Those are strangers in [[Jerusalem]], that know not of the [[death]] and sufferings of [[Jesus]]. Those who have the knowledge of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] crucified, should seek to spread that knowledge. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] reproved them for the weakness of their [[faith]] in the Scriptures of the Old Testament. Did we know more of the [[Divine]] counsels as far as they are made known in the Scriptures, we should not be subject to the perplexities we often entangle ourselves in. He shows them that the sufferings of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] were really the appointed way to his glory; but the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was that to which they could not reconcile themselves. Beginning at [[Moses]], the first inspired writer of the Old Testament, [[Jesus]] expounded to them the things concerning himself. There are many passages throughout all the Scriptures concerning [[Christ]], which it is of great advantage to put together. We cannot go far in any part, but we meet with something that has reference to [[Christ]], some prophecy, some promise, some [[prayer]], some type or other. A golden thread of [[gospel]] [[grace]] runs through the whole web of the Old Testament. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the best expositor of Scripture; and even after his resurrection, he led people to know the mystery concerning himself, not by advancing new notions, but by showing how the Scripture was fulfilled, and turning them to the earnest study of it.
'''Verses''' 28-35
If we would have [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] dwell with us, we must be earnest with him. Those that have experienced the pleasure and profit of communion with him, cannot but desire more of his company. He took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. This he did with his usual authority and affection, with the same manner, perhaps with the same words. He here teaches us to crave a blessing on every meal. See how [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] by his [[Spirit]] and [[grace]] makes himself known to the souls of his people. He opens the Scriptures to them. He meets them at his table, in the ordinance of the [[Lord]]'s supper; is known to them in breaking of bread. But the work is completed by the opening of the eyes of their mind; yet it is but short views we have of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in this world, but when we enter heaven, we shall see him for ever. They had found the preaching powerful, even when they knew not the preacher. Those Scriptures which speak of [[Christ]], will warm the hearts of his true disciples. That is likely to do most good, which affects us with the [[love]] of [[Jesus]] in dying for us. It is the duty of those to whom he has shown himself, to let others know what he has done for their souls. It is of great use for the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to compare their experiences, and tell them to each other.
'''Verses''' 36-49
[[Jesus]] appeared in a miraculous manner, assuring the disciples of his [[peace]], though they had so lately forsaken him, and promising spiritual [[peace]] with every blessing. Many troublesome thoughts which disquiet our minds, rise from mistakes concerning [[Christ]]. All the troublesome thoughts which rise in our hearts at any time, are known to the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and are displeasing to him. He spake with them on their unreasonable unbelief. Nothing had passed but what was foretold by the prophets, and necessary for the [[salvation]] of sinners. And now all men should be taught the nature and necessity of repentance, in order to the [[forgiveness]] of their sins. And these blessings were to be sought for, by [[faith]] in the name of [[Jesus]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] by his [[Spirit]] works on the minds of men. Even good men need to have their understandings opened. But that we may have right thoughts of [[Christ]], there needs no more than to be made to understand the Scriptures.
'''Verses''' 50-53
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ascended from Bethany, near the Mount of Olives. There was the garden in which his sufferings began; there he was in his agony. Those that would go to heaven, must ascend thither from the house of sufferings and sorrows. The disciples did not see him rise out of the grave; his resurrection could be proved by their seeing him alive afterwards: but they saw him ascend into heaven; they could not otherwise have a proof of his ascension. He lifted up his hands, and blessed them. He did not go away in displeasure, but in love, he left a blessing behind him. As he arose, so he ascended, by his own power. They worshipped him. This fresh display of [[Christ]]'s [[glory]] drew from them fresh acknowledgments. They returned to [[Jerusalem]] with great joy. The [[glory]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the [[joy]] of all true [[believer]]s, even while they are here in this world. While waiting for [[God]]'s promises, we must go forth to meet them with our praises. And nothing better prepares the mind for receiving the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]. Fears are silenced, sorrows sweetened and allayed, and hopes kept up. And this is the ground of a [[Christian]]'s boldness at the throne of grace; yea, the Father's throne is the throne of [[grace]] to us, because it is also the throne of our Mediator, [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Let us rely on his promises, and plead them. Let us attend his ordinances, praise and bless [[God]] for his mercies, set our affections on things above, and expect the [[Redeemer]]'s return to complete our happiness. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]]. Even so, [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], come quickly.
{{mhc bottom}}
[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Gospel of Luke]]
topic_name = Luke Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Luke |
subtopics = The Gospel According to [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Luke, Gospel according to|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Luke]] |
}}
Read the [[Gospel of Luke]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Luke 1|1]]
[[Luke 2|2]]
[[Luke 3|3]]
[[Luke 4|4]]
[[Luke 5|5]]
[[Luke 6|6]]
[[Luke 7|7]]
[[Luke 8|8]]
[[Luke 9|9]]
[[Luke 10|10]]
[[Luke 11|11]]
[[Luke 12|12]]
[[Luke 13|13]]
[[Luke 14|14]]
[[Luke 15|15]]
[[Luke 16|16]]
[[Luke 17|17]]
[[Luke 18|18]]
[[Luke 19|19]]
[[Luke 20|20]]
[[Luke 21|21]]
[[Luke 22|22]]
[[Luke 23|23]]
[[Luke 24|24]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 14|14]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 15|15]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 16|16]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 17|17]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 18|18]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 19|19]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 20|20]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 21|21]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 22|22]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 23|23]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Luke 24|24]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Gospel of Luke]]'''
This evangelist is generally supposed to have been a physician, and a companion of the apostle Paul. The style of his writings, and his acquaintance with the Jewish rites and usages, sufficiently show that he was a Jew, while his knowledge of the Greek language and his name, speak his Gentile origin. He is first mentioned Ac 16:10, 11, as with [[Paul]] at Troas, whence he attended him to [[Jerusalem]], and was with him in his voyage, and in his imprisonment at Rome. This [[Gospel]] appears to be designed to supersede many defective and unauthentic narratives in circulation, and to give a genuine and inspired account of the life, [[miracle]]s, and doctrines of our [[Lord]], learned from those who heard and witnessed his discourses and [[miracle]]s.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
The Preface.
(1-4)
Zacharias and Elisabeth.
(5-25)
[[Christ]]'s birth announced.
(26-38)
Interview of [[Mary]] and Elisabeth.
(39-56)
The birth of [[John the Baptist]].
(57-66)
The song of Zacharias.
(67-80)
'''Verses''' 1-4
[[Luke]] will not write of things about which [[Christians]] may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through [[Divine]] inspiration.
'''Verses''' 5-25
The father and mother of [[John the Baptist]] were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the [[prayer]]s we offer up to [[God]], are acceptable and successful only by [[Christ]]'s intercession in the temple of [[God]] above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in [[prayer]]. Nor can we expect that the best of our [[prayer]]s should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of [[peace]], but through the mediation of [[Christ]], who ever lives, making intercession. The [[prayer]]s Zacharias often made, received an answer of [[peace]]. Prayers of [[faith]] are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to [[prayer]]. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to [[God]], and preparing them to receive the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]]. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, [[holiness]], and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, [[God]] dealt justly with him, because he had objected against [[God]]'s word. We may admire the patience of [[God]] towards us. [[God]] dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also [[God]] confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our [[sin]], we are brought to give the more credit to the word of [[God]], we have no reason to complain. Even real [[believer]]s are apt to dishonour [[God]] by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising [[God]] with [[joy]] and gratitude. In [[God]]'s gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.
'''Verses''' 26-38
We have here an account of the mother of our [[Lord]]; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise [[God]] for her. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled [[Mary]]. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with [[God]], and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call [[Jesus]], the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the [[Lord]] [[God]]. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, [[Jesus]], a [[Saviour]]! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a [[Saviour]] is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the [[Saviour]] mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. [[Mary]]'s reply to the angel was the language of [[faith]] and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of [[godliness]], [[God]] manifest in the flesh, 1Ti 3:16. [[Christ]]'s human nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the [[Divine]] nature. And we must, as [[Mary]] here, guide our desires by the word of [[God]]. In all conflicts, let us remember that with [[God]] nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into [[prayer]]s, Behold the willing servant of the [[Lord]]; let it be unto me according to thy word.
'''Verses''' 39-56
It is very good for those who have the work of [[grace]] begun in their souls, to communicate one to another. On [[Mary]]'s arrival, Elisabeth was conscious of the approach of her who was to be the mother of the great [[Redeemer]]. At the same time she was filled with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], and under his influence declared that [[Mary]] and her expected child were most blessed and happy, as peculiarly honoured of and dear to the Most High [[God]]. [[Mary]], animated by Elisabeth's address, and being also under the influence of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], broke out into joy, admiration, and gratitude. She knew herself to be a sinner who needed a [[Saviour]], and that she could no otherwise [[rejoice]] in [[God]] than as interested in his [[salvation]] through the promised [[Messiah]]. Those who see their need of [[Christ]], and are desirous of righteousness and life in him, he fills with good things, with the best things; and they are abundantly satisfied with the blessings he gives. He will satisfy the desires of the poor in spirit who long for spiritual blessings, while the self-sufficient shall be sent empty away.
'''Verses''' 57-66
In these Verses we have an account of the birth of [[John the Baptist]], and the great [[joy]] among all the relations of the family. He shall be called Johanan, or "Gracious," because he shall bring in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], wherein [[God]]'s [[grace]] shines most bright. Zacharias recovered his speech. Unbelief closed his mouth, and believing opened it again: he [[believer]]s, therefore he speaks. When [[God]] opens our lips, our mouths must show forth his praise; and better be without speech, than not use it in praising [[God]]. It is said, The hand of the [[Lord]] was working with John. [[God]] has ways of working on [[children]] in their infancy, which we cannot account for. We should observe the dealings of [[God]], and wait the event.
'''Verses''' 67-80
Zacharias uttered a prophecy concerning the kingdom and [[salvation]] of the [[Messiah]]. The [[gospel]] brings light with it; in it the day dawns. In [[John the Baptist]] it began to break, and increased apace to the perfect day. The [[gospel]] is discovering; it shows that about which we were utterly in the dark; it is to give light to those that sit in darkness, the light of the knowledge of the [[glory]] of [[God]] in the face of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. It is reviving; it brings light to those that sit in the shadow of death, as condemned prisoners in the dungeon. It is directing; it is to guide our feet in the way of [[peace]], into that way which will bring us to [[peace]] at last, Ro 3:17. John gave proofs of strong faith, vigorous and holy affections, and of being above the [[fear]] and [[love]] of the world. Thus he ripened for usefulness; but he lived a retired life, till he came forward openly as the forerunner of the [[Messiah]]. Let us follow [[peace]] with all men, as well as seek [[peace]] with [[God]] and our own consciences. And if it be the will of [[God]] that we live unknown to the world, still let us diligently seek to grow strong in the [[grace]] of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
The birth of [[Christ]].
(1-7)
It is made known to the shepherds.
(8-20)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] presented in the temple.
(21-24)
Simeon prophesies concerning [[Jesus]].
(25-35)
Anna prophesies concerning him.
(36-40)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] with the learned men in the temple.
(41-52)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The fulness of time was now come, when [[God]] would send forth his Son, made of a woman, and made under the law. The circumstances of his birth were very mean. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was born at an inn; he came into the [[world]] to sojourn here for awhile, as at an inn, and to teach us to do likewise. We are become by [[sin]] like an outcast infant, helpless and forlorn; and such a one was [[Christ]]. He well knew how unwilling we are to be meanly lodged, clothed, or fed; how we desire to have our [[children]] decorated and indulged; how apt the poor are to envy the rich, and how prone the rich to disdain the poor. But when we by [[faith]] view the Son of [[God]] being made man and lying in a manger, our vanity, ambition, and envy are checked. We cannot, with this object rightly before us, seek great things for ourselves or our children.
'''Verses''' 8-20
Angels were heralds of the new-born [[Saviour]], but they were only sent to some poor, humble, pious, industrious shepherds, who were in the business of their calling, keeping watch over their flock. We are not out of the way of [[Divine]] visits, when we are employed in an honest calling, and abide with [[God]] in it. Let [[God]] have the honour of this work; Glory to [[God]] in the highest. [[God]]'s good-will to men, manifested in sending the [[Messiah]], redounds to his praise. Other works of [[God]] are for his glory, but the redemption of the [[world]] is for his [[glory]] in the highest. [[God]]'s goodwill in sending the [[Messiah]], brought [[peace]] into this lower world. Peace is here put for all that good which flows to us from [[Christ]]'s taking our nature upon him. This is a faithful saying, attested by an innumerable company of angels, and well worthy of all acceptation, That the good-will of [[God]] toward men, is [[glory]] to [[God]] in the highest, and [[peace]] on the earth. The shepherds lost no time, but came with haste to the place. They were satisfied, and made known abroad concerning this child, that he was the [[Saviour]], even [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[Lord]]. [[Mary]] carefully observed and thought upon all these things, which were so suited to enliven her holy affections. We should be more delivered from errors in judgment and practice, did we more fully ponder these things in our hearts. It is still proclaimed in our ears that to us is born a [[Saviour]], [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[Lord]]. These should be glad tidings to all.
'''Verses''' 21-24
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] was not born in [[sin]], and did not need that mortification of a corrupt nature, or that renewal unto [[holiness]], which were signified by [[circumcision]]. This ordinance was, in his case, a pledge of his future perfect obedience to the whole law, in the midst of sufferings and temptations, even unto [[death]] for us. At the end of forty days, [[Mary]] went up to the [[temple]] to offer the appointed sacrifices for her purification. [[Joseph]] also presented the holy child [[Jesus]], because, as a first-born son, he was to be presented to the [[Lord]], and redeemed according to the law. Let us present our [[children]] to the [[Lord]] who gave them to us, beseeching him to redeem them from [[sin]] and death, and make them holy to himself.
'''Verses''' 25-35
The same [[Spirit]] that provided for the support of Simeon's hope, provided for his joy. Those who would see [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must go to his temple. Here is a confession of his faith, that this Child in his arms was the [[Saviour]], the [[salvation]] itself, the [[salvation]] of [[God]]'s appointing. He bids farewell to this world. How poor does this [[world]] look to one that has [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in his arms, and [[salvation]] in his view! See here, how comfortable is the [[death]] of a good man; he departs in [[peace]] with [[God]], [[peace]] with his own conscience, in [[peace]] with death. Those that have welcomed [[Christ]], may welcome death. [[Joseph]] and [[Mary]] marvelled at the things which were spoken of this Child. Simeon shows them likewise, what reason they had to [[rejoice]] with trembling. And [[Jesus]], his doctrine, and people, are still spoken against; his truth and [[holiness]] are still denied and blasphemed; his preached word is still the touchstone of men's characters. The secret good affections in the minds of some, will be revealed by their embracing Christ; the secret corruptions of others will be revealed by their enmity to [[Christ]]. Men will be judged by the thoughts of their hearts concerning [[Christ]]. He shall be a suffering [[Jesus]]; his mother shall suffer with him, because of the nearness of her relation and affection.
'''Verses''' 36-40
There was much evil then in the [[church]], yet [[God]] left not himself without witness. Anna always dwelt in, or at least attended at, the temple. She was always in a praying spirit; gave herself to [[prayer]], and in all things she served [[God]]. Those to whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is made known, have great reason to thank the [[Lord]]. She taught others concerning him. Let the example of the venerable saints, Simeon and Anna, give courage to those whose hoary heads are, like theirs, a crown of glory, being found in the way of righteousness. The lips soon to be silent in the grave, should be showing forth the praises of the [[Redeemer]]. In all things it became [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be made like unto his brethren, therefore he passed through infancy and childhood as other children, yet without [[sin]], and with manifest proofs of the [[Divine]] nature in him. By the [[Spirit]] of [[God]] all his faculties performed their offices in a manner not seen in any one else. Other [[children]] have foolishness bound in their hearts, which appears in what they say or do, but he was filled with wisdom, by the influence of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; every thing he said and did, was wisely said and wisely done, above his years. Other [[children]] show the corruption of their nature; nothing but the [[grace]] of [[God]] was upon him.
'''Verses''' 41-52
It is for the honour of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] that [[children]] should attend on public worship. His parents did not return till they had stayed all the seven days of the feast. It is well to stay to the end of an ordinance, as becomes those who say, It is good to be here. Those that have lost their comforts in [[Christ]], and the evidences of their having a part in him, must bethink themselves where, and when, and how they lost them, and must turn back again. Those that would recover their lost acquaintance with [[Christ]], must go to the place in which he has put his name; there they may [[hope]] to meet him. They found him in some part of the temple, where the doctors of the law kept their schools; he was sitting there, hearkening to their instructions, proposing questions, and answering inquiries, with such wisdom, that those who heard were delighted with him. Young persons should seek the knowledge of Divine truth, attend the ministry of the [[gospel]], and ask such questions of their elders and teachers as may tend to increase their knowledge. Those who seek [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in sorrow, shall find him with the greater joy. Know ye not that I ought to be in my Father's house; at my Father's work; I must be about my Father's business. Herein is an example; for it becomes the [[children]] of [[God]], in conformity to [[Christ]], to attend their heavenly Father's business, and make all other concerns give way to it. Though he was the Son of [[God]], yet he was subject to his earthly parents; how then will the foolish and weak sons of men answer it, who are disobedient to their parents? However we may neglect men's sayings, because they are obscure, yet we must not think so of [[God]]'s sayings. That which at first is dark, may afterwards become plain and easy. The greatest and wisest, those most eminent, may learn of this admirable and [[Divine]] Child, that it is the truest greatness of soul to know our own place and office; to deny ourselves amusements and pleasures not consistent with our state and calling.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
[[John the Baptist]]'s ministry.
(1-14)
[[John the Baptist]] testifies concerning [[Christ]].
(15-20)
The baptism of [[Christ]].
(21, 22)
The genealogy of [[Christ]].
(23-38)
'''Verses''' 1-14
The scope and design of John's ministry were, to bring the people from their sins, and to their [[Saviour]]. He came preaching, not a sect, or party, but a profession; the sign or ceremony was washing with water. By the words here used John preached the necessity of repentance, in order to the remission of sins, and that the baptism of water was an outward sign of that inward cleansing and renewal of heart, which attend, or are the effects of true repentance, as well as a profession of it. Here is the fulfilling of the Scriptures, Isa 40:3, in the ministry of John. When way is made for the [[gospel]] into the heart, by taking down high thoughts, and bringing them into obedience to [[Christ]], by levelling the soul, and removing all that hinders us in the way of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his grace, then preparation is made to welcome the [[salvation]] of [[God]]. Here are general warnings and exhortations which John gave. The guilty, corrupted race of mankind is become a generation of vipers; hateful to [[God]], and hating one another. There is no way of fleeing from the wrath to come, but by repentance; and by the change of our way the change of our mind must be shown. If we are not really holy, both in [[heart]] and life, our profession of [[religion]] and relation to [[God]] and his [[church]], will stand us in no stead at all; the sorer will our destruction be, if we do not bring forth fruits meet for repentance. [[John the Baptist]] gave instructions to several sorts of persons. Those that profess and promise repentance, must show it by reformation, according to their places and conditions. The [[gospel]] requires [[mercy]], not sacrifice; and its design is, to engage us to do all the good we can, and to be just to all men. And the same principle which leads men to forego unjust gain, leads to restore that which is gained by wrong. John tells the soldiers their duty. Men should be cautioned against the [[temptations]] of their employments. These answers declared the present duty of the inquirers, and at once formed a test of their sincerity. As none can or will accept [[Christ]]'s [[salvation]] without true repentance, so the evidence and effects of this [[Repentance|repentance]] are here marked out.
'''Verses''' 15-20
[[John the Baptist]] disowned being himself the [[Christ]], but confirmed the people in their expectations of the long-promised [[Messiah]]. He could only exhort them to repent, and assure them of [[forgiveness]] upon repentance; but he could not work [[Repentance|repentance]] in them, nor confer remission on them. Thus highly does it become us to speak of [[Christ]], and thus humbly of ourselves. John can do no more than baptize with water, in token that they ought to purify and cleanse themselves; but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] can, and will baptize with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]; he can give the Spirit, to cleanse and purify the heart, not only as water washes off the dirt on the outside, but as fire clears out the dross that is within, and melts down the metal, that it may be cast into a new mould. John was an affectionate preacher; he was beseeching; he pressed things home upon his hearers. He was a practical preacher; quickening them to their duty, and directing them in it. He was a popular preacher; he addressed the people, according to their capacity. He was an evangelical preacher. In all his exhortations, he directed people to [[Christ]]. When we press duty upon people, we must direct them to [[Christ]], both for righteousness and strength. He was a copious preacher; he shunned not to declare the whole counsel of [[God]]. But a full stop was put to John's preaching when he was in the midst of his usefulness. Herod being reproved by him for many evils, shut up John in prison. Those who injure the faithful servants of [[God]], add still greater guilt to their other sins.
'''Verses''' 21, 22
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] did not confess [[sin]], as others did, for he had none to confess; but he prayed, as others did, and kept up communion with his Father. Observe, all the three voices from heaven, by which the Father bare witness to the Son, were pronounced while he was praying, or soon after, Lu 9:35; Joh 12:28. The [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]] descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and there came a voice from heaven, from [[God]] the Father, from the excellent glory. Thus was a proof of the Holy Trinity, of the Three Persons in the Godhead, given at the baptism of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 23-38
Matthew's list of the forefathers of [[Jesus]] showed that [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was the son of [[Abraham]], in whom all the families of the earth are blessed, and heir to the throne of [[David]]; but [[Luke]] shows that [[Jesus]] was the Seed of the woman that should break the serpent's head, and traces the line up to [[Adam]], beginning with Eli, or Heli, the father, not of [[Joseph]], but of [[Mary]]. The seeming differences between the two evangelists in these lists of names have been removed by learned men. But our [[salvation]] does not depend upon our being able to solve these difficulties, nor is the [[Divine]] authority of the [[Gospel]]s at all weakened by them. The list of names ends thus, "Who was the son of [[Adam]], the son of [[God]];" that is, the offspring of [[God]] by creation. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was both the son of [[Adam]] and the Son of [[God]], that he might be a proper Mediator between [[God]] and the sons of [[Adam]], and might bring the sons of [[Adam]] to be, through him, the sons of [[God]]. All flesh, as descended from the first [[Adam]], is as grass, and withers as the flower of the field; but he who partakes of the Holy [[Spirit]] of life from the Second [[Adam]], has that eternal happiness, which by the [[gospel]] is preached unto us.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
The [[temptation]] of [[Christ]].
(1-13)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in the synagogue of Nazareth.
(14-30)
He casts out an unclean spirit and heals the sick.
(31-44)
'''Verses''' 1-13
[[Christ]]'s being led into the wilderness gave an advantage to the tempter; for there he was alone, none were with him by whose [[prayer]]s and advice he might be helped in the hour of temptation. He who knew his own strength might give [[Satan]] advantage; but we may not, who know our own weakness. Being in all things made like unto his brethren, [[Jesus]] would, like the other [[children]] of [[God]], live in dependence upon the [[Divine]] Providence and promise. The word of [[God]] is our sword, and [[faith]] in that word is our shield. [[God]] has many ways of providing for his people, and therefore is at all times to be depended upon in the way of duty. All [[Satan]]'s promises are deceitful; and if he is permitted to have any influence in disposing of the kingdoms of the [[world]] and the [[glory]] of them, he uses them as baits to insnare men to destruction. We should reject at once and with abhorrence, every opportunity of sinful gain or advancement, as a price offered for our souls; we should seek riches, honours, and happiness in the [[worship]] and service of [[God]] only. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not [[worship]] [[Satan]]; nor, when he has the kingdoms of the [[world]] delivered to him by his Father, will he suffer any remains of the [[worship]] of the devil to continue in them. [[Satan]] also tempted [[Jesus]] to be his own murderer, by unfitting confidence in his Father's protection, such as he had no warrant for. Let not any abuse of Scripture by [[Satan]] or by men abate our esteem, or cause us to abandon its use; but let us study it still, seek to know it, and seek our defence from it in all kinds of assaults. Let this word dwell richly in us, for it is our life. Our victorious [[Redeemer]] conquered, not for himself only, but for us also. The devil ended all the temptation. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] let him try all his force, and defeated him. [[Satan]] saw it was to no purpose to attack [[Christ]], who had nothing in him for his fiery darts to fasten upon. And if we resist the devil, he will flee from us. Yet he departed but till the season when he was again to be let loose upon [[Jesus]], not as a tempter, to draw him to [[sin]], and so to strike at his head, at which he now aimed and was wholly defeated in; but as a persecutor, to bring [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to suffer, and so to bruise his heel, which it was told him, he should have to do, and would do, though it would be the breaking of his own head, Ge 3:15. Though [[Satan]] depart for a season, we shall never be out of his reach till removed from this present evil world.
'''Verses''' 14-30
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] taught in their synagogues, their places of public worship, where they met to read, expound, and apply the word, to pray and praise. All the gifts and graces of the [[Spirit]] were upon him and on him, without measure. By [[Christ]], sinners may be loosed from the bonds of guilt, and by his [[Spirit]] and [[grace]] from the bondage of corruption. He came by the word of his [[gospel]], to bring light to those that sat in the dark, and by the power of his grace, to give sight to those that were blind. And he preached the acceptable year of the [[Lord]]. Let sinners attend to the [[Saviour]]'s invitation when liberty is thus proclaimed. [[Christ]]'s name was Wonderful; in nothing was he more so than in the word of his grace, and the power that went along with it. We may well wonder that he should speak such words of [[grace]] to such graceless wretches as mankind. Some prejudice often furnishes an objection against the humbling doctrine of the cross; and while it is the word of [[God]] that stirs up men's enmity, they will blame the conduct or manner of the speaker. The doctrine of [[God]]'s sovereignty, his right to do his will, provokes proud men. They will not seek his favour in his own way; and are angry when others have the favours they neglect. Still is [[Jesus]] rejected by multitudes who hear the same message from his words. While they crucify him afresh by their sins, may we honour him as the Son of [[God]], the [[Saviour]] of men, and seek to show we do so by our obedience.
'''Verses''' 31-44
[[Christ]]'s preaching much affected the people; and a working power went with it to the consciences of men. These [[miracle]]s showed [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be a controller and conqueror of [[Satan]], a healer of diseases. Where Christ gives a new life, in recovery from sickness, it should be a new life, spent more than ever in his service, to his glory. Our business should be to spread abroad [[Christ]]'s fame in every place, to beseech him in behalf of those diseased in body or mind, and to use our influence in bringing sinners to him, that his hands may be laid upon them for their healing. He cast the devils out of many who were possessed. We were not sent into this [[world]] to live to ourselves only, but to glorify [[God]], and to do good in our generation. The people sought him, and came unto him. A desert is no desert, if we are with [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] there. He will continue with us, by his word and Spirit, and extend the same blessings to other nations, till, throughout the earth, the servants and worshippers of [[Satan]] are brought to acknowledge him as the [[Christ]], the Son of [[God]], and to find redemption through his blood, even the [[forgiveness]] of sins.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The miraculous draught of fishes, [[ Peter]], James, and John called.
(1-11)
A leper cleansed.
(12-16)
A paralytic cured.
(17-26)
Levi called, [[Christ]]'s answer to the [[Pharisees]].
(27-39)
'''Verses''' 1-11
When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had done preaching, he told [[ Peter]] to apply to the business of his calling. Time spent on week days in public exercises of [[religion]], need be but little hinderance in time, and may be great furtherance to us in temper of mind, as to our worldly business. With what cheerfulness may we go about the duties of our calling, when we have been with [[God]], and thus have our worldly employments sanctified to us by the word and [[prayer]]! Though they had taken nothing, yet Christ told them to let down their nets again. We must not abruptly quit our callings because we have not the success in them we desire. We are likely to speed well, when we follow the guidance of [[Christ]]'s word. The draught of fishes was by a [[miracle]]. We must all, like [[ Peter]], own ourselves to be sinful men, therefore [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] might justly depart from us. But we must beseech him that he would not depart; for woe unto us if the [[Saviour]] depart from sinners! Rather let us entreat him to come and dwell in our hearts by faith, that he may transform and cleanse them. These fishermen forsook all, and followed [[Jesus]], when their calling prospered. When riches increase, and we are tempted to set our hearts upon them, then to quit them for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is thankworthy.
'''Verses''' 12-16
This man is said to be full of leprosy; he had that distemper in a high degree, which represents our natural pollution by sin; we are full of that leprosy; from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot there is no soundness in us. Strong confidence and deep humility are united in the words of this leper. And if any sinner, from a deep sense of vileness, says, I know the [[Lord]] can cleanse, but will he look upon such a one as me? will he apply his own precious blood for my cleansing and healing? Yes, he will. Speak not as doubting, but as humbly referring the matter to [[Christ]]. And being saved from the guilt and power of our sins, let us spread abroad [[Christ]]'s fame, and bring others to hear him and to be healed.
'''Verses''' 17-26
How many are there in our assemblies, where the [[gospel]] is preached, who do not sit under the word, but sit by! It is to them as a tale that is told them, not as a message that is sent to them. Observe the duties taught and recommended to us by the history of the paralytic. In applying to [[Christ]], we must be very pressing and urgent; that is an evidence of faith, and is very pleasing to [[Christ]], and prevailing with him. Give us, [[Lord]], the same kind of [[faith]] with respect to thy ability and willingness to heal our souls. Give us to desire the [[pardon]] of sin more than any earthly blessing, or life itself. Enable us to believe thy power to forgive sins; then will our souls cheerfully arise and go where thou pleasest.
'''Verses''' 27-39
It was a wonder of [[Christ]]'s grace, that he would call a publican to be his disciple and follower. It was a wonder of his grace, that the call was made so effectual. It was a wonder of his grace, that he came to call sinners to repentance, and to assure them of [[pardon]] . It was a wonder of his grace, that he so patiently bore the contradiction of sinners against himself and his disciples. It was a wonder of his grace, that he fixed the services of his disciples according to their strength and standing. The [[Lord]] trains up his people gradually for the trials allotted them; we should copy his example in dealing with the weak in faith, or the tempted [[believer]].
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The disciples pluck corn on the sabbath.
(1-5)
Works of [[mercy]] suitable to the sabbath day.
(6-11)
The apostles chosen.
(12-19)
Blessings and woes declared.
(20-26)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to [[mercy]].
(27-36)
And to justice and sincerity.
(37-49)
'''Verses''' 1-5
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] justifies his disciples in a work of necessity for themselves on the sabbath day, and that was plucking the ears of corn when they were hungry. But we must take heed that we mistake not this liberty for leave to commit sin. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will have us to know and remember that it is his day, therefore to be spent in his service, and to his honour.
'''Verses''' 6-11
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was neither ashamed nor afraid to own the purposes of his grace. He healed the poor man, though he knew that his enemies would take advantage against him for it. Let us not be drawn either from our duty or from our usefulness by any opposition. We may well be amazed, that the sons of men should be so wicked.
'''Verses''' 12-19
We often think one half hour a great deal to spend in meditation and secret [[prayer]], but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was whole nights engaged in these duties. In serving [[God]], our great care should be not to lose time, but to make the end of one good duty the beginning of another. The twelve apostles are here named; never were men so privileged, yet one of them had a devil, and proved a traitor. Those who have not faithful preaching near them, had better travel far than be without it. It is indeed worth while to go a great way to hear the word of [[Christ]], and to go out of the way of other business for it. They came to be cured by him, and he healed them. There is a fulness of [[grace]] in [[Christ]], and [[healing]] virtue in him, ready to go out from him, that is enough for all, enough for each. Men regard the diseases of the body as greater evils than those of their souls; but the Scripture teaches us differently.
'''Verses''' 20-26
Here begins a discourse of [[Christ]], most of which is also found in Mt 5; 7. But some think that this was preached at another time and place. All [[believer]]s that take the precepts of the [[gospel]] to themselves, and live by them, may take the promises of the [[gospel]] to themselves, and live upon them. Woes are denounced against prosperous sinners as miserable people, though the [[world]] envies them. Those are blessed indeed whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] blesses, but those must be dreadfully miserable who fall under his woe and curse! What a vast advantage will the saint have over the sinner in the other world! and what a wide difference will there be in their rewards, how much soever the sinner may prosper, and the saint be afflicted here!
'''Verses''' 27-36
These are hard lessons to flesh and blood. But if we are thoroughly grounded in the [[faith]] of [[Christ]]'s love, this will make his commands easy to us. Every one that comes to him for washing in his blood, and knows the greatness of the [[mercy]] and the [[love]] there is in him, can say, in truth and sincerity, [[Lord]], what wilt thou have me to do? Let us then aim to be merciful, even according to the [[mercy]] of our heavenly Father to us.
'''Verses''' 37-49
All these sayings [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] often used; it was easy to apply them. We ought to be very careful when we blame others; for we need allowance ourselves. If we are of a giving and a forgiving spirit, we shall ourselves reap the benefit. Though full and exact returns are made in another world, not in this world, yet Providence does what should encourage us in doing good. Those who follow the multitude to do evil, follow in the broad way that leads to destruction. The tree is known by its fruits; may the word of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] be so grafted in our hearts, that we may be fruitful in every good word and work. And what the mouth commonly speaks, generally agrees with what is most in the heart. Those only make sure work for their souls and eternity, and take the course that will profit in a trying time, who think, speak, and act according to the words of [[Christ]]. Those who take pains in [[religion]], found their [[hope]] upon [[Christ]], who is the Rock of Ages, and other foundation can no man lay. In [[death]] and judgment they are safe, being kept by the power of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] through [[faith]] unto [[salvation]], and they shall never perish.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The centurion's servant healed.
(1-10)
The widow's son raised.
(11-18)
[[John the Baptist]]'s inquiry concerning [[Jesus]].
(19-35)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] anointed in the house of the Pharisee, The parable of the two debtors.
(36-50)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Servants should study to endear themselves to their masters. Masters ought to take particular care of their servants when they are sick. We may still, by faithful and fervent [[prayer]], apply to [[Christ]], and ought to do so when sickness is in our families. The building places for religious [[worship]] is a good work, and an instance of [[love]] to [[God]] and his people. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] was pleased with the centurion's faith; and he never fails to answer the expectations of that [[faith]] which honours his power and love. The cure soon wrought and perfect.
'''Verses''' 11-18
When the [[Lord]] saw the poor widow following her son to the grave, he had compassion on her. See [[Christ]]'s power over [[death]] itself. The [[gospel]] call to all people, to young people particularly, is, Arise from the dead, and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall give you light and life. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] put life into him, it appeared by the youth's sitting up. Have we [[grace]] from Christ? Let us show it. He began to speak: whenever [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gives us spiritual life, he opens the lips in [[prayer]] and praise. When dead souls are raised to spiritual life, by [[Divine]] power going with the [[gospel]], we must glorify [[God]], and look upon it as a gracious visit to his people. Let us seek for such an interest in our compassionate [[Saviour]], that we may look forward with [[joy]] to the time when the [[Redeemer]]'s voice shall call forth all that are in their graves. May we be called to the resurrection of life, not to that of damnation.
'''Verses''' 19-35
To his [[miracle]]s in the kingdom of nature, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] adds this in the kingdom of grace, To the poor the [[gospel]] is preached. It clearly pointed out the spiritual nature of [[Christ]]'s kingdom, that the messenger he sent before him to prepare his way, did it by preaching [[Repentance|repentance]] and reformation of [[heart]] and life. We have here the just blame of those who were not wrought upon by the ministry of John Baptist or of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself. They made a jest of the methods [[God]] took to do them good. This is the ruin of multitudes; they are not serious in the concerns of their souls. Let us study to prove ourselves [[children]] of [[Wisdom]], by attending the instructions of [[God]]'s word, and adoring those mysteries and glad tidings which infidels and [[Pharisees]] deride and blaspheme.
'''Verses''' 36-50
None can truly perceive how precious [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is, and the [[glory]] of the [[gospel]], except the broken-hearted. But while they feel they cannot enough express self-abhorrence on account of [[sin]], and admiration of his [[mercy]], the self-sufficient will be disgusted, because the [[gospel]] encourages such repenting sinners. The Pharisee, instead of rejoicing in the tokens of the woman's repentance, confined his thoughts to her former bad character. But without free [[forgiveness]] none of us can escape the wrath to come; this our gracious [[Saviour]] has purchased with his blood, that he may freely bestow it on every one that believes in him. [[Christ]], by a parable, forced Simon to acknowledge that the greater sinner this woman had been, the greater [[love]] she ought to show to Him when her sins were [[pardon]] ed. Learn here, that [[sin]] is a debt; and all are sinners, are debtors to Almighty [[God]]. Some sinners are greater debtors; but whether our debt be more or less, it is more than we are able to pay. [[God]] is ready to forgive; and his Son having purchased [[pardon]] for those who believe in him, his [[gospel]] promises it to them, and his [[Spirit]] seals it to repenting sinners, and gives them the comfort. Let us keep far from the proud spirit of the Pharisee, simply depending upon and rejoicing in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] alone, and so be prepared to obey him more zealously, and more strongly to recommend him unto all around us. The more we express our sorrow for [[sin]], and our [[love]] to [[Christ]], the clearer evidence we have of the [[forgiveness]] of our sins. What a wonderful change does [[grace]] make upon a sinner's [[heart]] and life, as well as upon his state before [[God]], by the full remission of all his sins through [[faith]] in the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]!
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The ministry of [[Christ]].
(1-3)
The parable of the sower.
(4-21)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] stilleth the tempest and casteth out devils.
(22-40)
The daughter of Jairus restored to life.
(41-56)
'''Verses''' 1-3
We are here told what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] made the constant business of his life, it was teaching the [[gospel]]. Tidings of the kingdom of [[God]] are glad tidings, and what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to bring. Certain women attended upon him who ministered to him of their substance. It showed the mean condition to which the [[Saviour]] humbled himself, that he needed their kindness, and his great humility, that he accepted it. Though rich, yet for our sakes he became poor.
'''Verses''' 4-21
There are many very needful and excellent rules and cautions for hearing the word, in the parable of the sower, and the application of it. Happy are we, and for ever indebted to free grace, if the same thing that is a parable to others, with which they are only amused, is a plain truth to us, by which we are taught and governed. We ought to take heed of the things that will hinder our profiting by the word we hear; to take heed lest we hear carelessly and slightly, lest we entertain prejudices against the word we hear; and to take heed to our spirits after we have heard the word, lest we lose what we have gained. The gifts we have, will be continued to us or not, as we use them for the [[glory]] of [[God]], and the good of our brethren. Nor is it enough not to hold the truth in unrighteousness; we should desire to hold forth the word of life, and to shine, giving light to all around. Great encouragement is given to those who prove themselves faithful hearers of the word, by being doers of the work. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] owns them as his relations.
'''Verses''' 22-40
Those that put to sea in a calm, even at [[Christ]]'s word, must yet prepare for a storm, and for great peril in that storm. There is no relief for souls under a sense of guilt, and [[fear]] of wrath, but to go to [[Christ]], and call him Master, and say, I am undone, if thou dost not help me. When our dangers are over, it becomes us to take to ourselves the shame of our own fears, and to give [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the [[glory]] of our deliverance. We may learn much out of this history concerning the world of infernal, malignant spirits, which though not working now exactly in the same way as then, yet all must at all times carefully guard against. And these malignant spirits are very numerous. They have enmity to man and all his comforts. Those under [[Christ]]'s government are sweetly led with the bands of love; those under the devil's government are furiously driven. Oh what a comfort it is to the [[believer]], that all the powers of darkness are under the control of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]! It is a [[miracle]] of [[mercy]], if those whom [[Satan]] possesses, are not brought to destruction and eternal ruin. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not stay with those who slight him; perhaps he may no more return to them, while others are waiting for him, and glad to receive him.
'''Verses''' 41-56
Let us not complain of a crowd, and a throng, and a hurry, as long as we are in the way of our duty, and doing good; but otherwise every wise man will keep himself out of it as much as he can. And many a poor soul is healed, and helped, and saved by [[Christ]], that is hidden in a crowd, and nobody notices it. This woman came trembling, yet her [[faith]] saved her. There may be trembling, where yet there is saving faith. Observe [[Christ]]'s comfortable words to Jairus, Fear not, believe only, and thy daughter shall be made whole. No less hard was it not to grieve for the loss of an only child, than not to [[fear]] the continuance of that grief. But in perfect [[faith]] there is no fear; the more we fear, the less we believe. The hand of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] goes with the calls of his word, to make them effectual. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commanded to give her meat. As babes new born, so those newly raised from [[sin]], desire spiritual food, that they may grow thereby.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
The apostles sent forth.
(1-9)
The multitude miraculously fed.
(10-17)
Peter's testimony to [[Christ]], Self-denial enjoined.
(18-27)
The transfiguration.
(28-36)
An evil spirit cast out.
(37-42)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] checks the ambition of his disciples.
(43-50)
He reproves their mistaken zeal.
(51-56)
Every thing to be given up for [[Christ]].
(57-62)
'''Verses''' 1-9
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] sent his twelve disciples abroad, who by this time were able to teach others what they had received from the [[Lord]]. They must not be anxious to commend themselves to people's esteem by outward appearance. They must go as they were. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is the fountain of power and authority, to whom all creatures must, in one way or another, be subject; and if he goes with the word of his ministers in power, to deliver sinners from [[Satan]]'s bondage, they may be sure that he will care for their wants. When truth and [[love]] thus go together, and yet the message of [[God]] is rejected and despised, it leaves men without excuse, and turns to a testimony against them. Herod's guilty conscience was ready to conclude that John was risen from the dead. He desired to see [[Jesus]]; and why did he not go and see him? Probably, because he thought it below him, or because he wished not to have any more reprovers of sin. Delaying it now, his [[heart]] was hardened, and when he did see [[Jesus]], he was as much prejudiced against him as others, Lu 23:11.
'''Verses''' 10-17
The people followed [[Jesus]], and though they came unseasonably, yet he gave them what they came for. He spake unto them of the kingdom of [[God]]. He healed those who had need of healing. And with five loaves of bread and two fishes, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] fed five thousand men. He will not see those that [[fear]] him, and serve him faithfully, want any good thing. When we receive creature-comforts, we must acknowledge that we receive them from [[God]], and that we are unworthy to receive them; that we owe them all, and all the comfort we have in them, to the mediation of [[Christ]], by whom the curse is taken away. The blessing of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will make a little go a great way. He fills every hungry soul, abundantly satisfies it with the goodness of his house. Here were fragments taken up: in our Father's house there is bread enough, and to spare. We are not straitened, nor stinted in [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 18-27
It is an unspeakable comfort that our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] is [[God]]'s Anointed; this signifies that he was both appointed to be the [[Messiah]], and qualified for it. [[Jesus]] discourses concerning his own sufferings and death. And so far must his disciples be from thinking how to prevent his sufferings, that they must prepare for their own. We often meet with crosses in the way of duty; and though we must not pull them upon our own heads, yet, when they are laid for us, we must take them up, and carry them after [[Christ]]. It is well or ill with us, according as it is well or ill with our souls. The body cannot be happy, if the soul be miserable in the other world; but the soul may be happy, though the body is greatly afflicted and oppressed in this world. We must never be ashamed of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[gospel]].
'''Verses''' 28-36
[[Christ]]'s transfiguration was a specimen of that [[glory]] in which he will come to judge the world; and was an encouragement to his disciples to suffer for him. Prayer is a transfiguring, transforming duty, which makes the face to shine. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], even in his transfiguration, was willing to speak concerning his [[death]] and sufferings. In our greatest glories on earth, let us remember that in this [[world]] we have no continuing city. What need we have to pray to [[God]] for quickening grace, to make us lively! Yet that the disciples might be witnesses of this sign from heaven, after awhile they became awake, so that they were able to give a full account of what passed. But those know not what they say, that talk of making tabernacles on earth for glorified saints in heaven.
'''Verses''' 37-42
How deplorable the case of this child! He was under the power of an evil spirit. Disease of that nature are more frightful than such as arise merely from natural causes. What mischief [[Satan]] does where he gets possession! But happy those that have access to Christ! He can do that for us which his disciples cannot. A word from [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] healed the child; and when our [[children]] recover from sickness, it is comfortable to receive them as healed by the hand of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 43-50
This prediction of [[Christ]]'s sufferings was plain enough, but the disciples would not understand it, because it agreed not with their notions. A little child is the emblem by which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] teaches us simplicity and humility. What greater honour can any man attain to in this world, than to be received by men as a messenger of [[God]] and Christ; and to have [[God]] and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] own themselves received and welcomed in him! If ever any society of [[Christians]] in this world, had reason to silence those not of their own communion, the twelve disciples at this time had; yet [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] warned them not to do the like again. Those may be found faithful followers of [[Christ]], and may be accepted of him, who do not follow with us.
'''Verses''' 51-56
The disciples did not consider that the conduct of the Samaritans was rather the effect of national prejudices and bigotry, than of enmity to the word and [[worship]] of [[God]]; and through they refused to receive Christ and his disciples, they did not ill use or injure them, so that the case was widely different from that of Ahaziah and Elijah. Nor were they aware that the [[gospel]] dispensation was to be marked by [[miracle]]s of [[mercy]]. But above all, they were ignorant of the prevailing motives of their own hearts, which were pride and carnal ambition. Of this our [[Lord]] warned them. It is easy for us to say, Come, see our zeal for the [[Lord]]! and to think we are very faithful in his cause, when we are seeking our own objects, and even doing harm instead of good to others.
'''Verses''' 57-62
Here is one that is forward to follow [[Christ]], but seems to have been hasty and rash, and not to have counted the cost. If we mean to follow [[Christ]], we must lay aside the thoughts of great things in the world. Let us not try to join the profession of [[Christianity]], with seeking after worldly advantages. Here is another that seems resolved to follow [[Christ]], but he begs a short delay. To this man [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] first gave the call; he said to him, Follow me. Religion teaches us to be kind and good, to show piety at home, and to requite our parents; but we must not make these an excuse for neglecting our duty to [[God]]. Here is another that is willing to follow [[Christ]], but he must have a little time to talk with his friends about it, and to set in order his household affairs, and give directions concerning them. He seemed to have worldly concerns more upon his [[heart]] than he ought to have, and he was willing to enter into a [[temptation]] leading him from his purpose of following [[Christ]]. No one can do any business in a proper manner, if he is attending to other things. Those who begin with the work of [[God]], must resolve to go on, or they will make nothing of it. Looking back, leads to drawing back, and drawing back is to perdition. He only that endures to the end shall be saved.
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Seventy disciples sent forth.
(1-16)
The blessedness of [[Christ]]'s disciples.
(17-24)
The good Samaritan.
(25-37)
[[Jesus]] at the house of Martha and [[Mary]].
(38-42)
'''Verses''' 1-16
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] sent the seventy disciples, two and two, that they might strengthen and encourage one another. The ministry of the [[gospel]] calls men to receive [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as a Prince and a [[Saviour]]; and he will surely come in the power of his [[Spirit]] to all places whither he sends his faithful servants. But the doom of those who receive the [[grace]] of [[God]] in vain, will be very fearful Those who despise the faithful ministers of [[Christ]], who think meanly of them, and look scornfully upon them, will be reckoned as despisers of [[God]] and [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 17-24
All our victories over [[Satan]], are obtained by power derived from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], and he must have all the praise. But let us beware of spiritual pride, which has been the destruction of many. Our [[Lord]] [[rejoice]]d at the prospect of the [[salvation]] of many souls. It was fit that particular notice should be taken of that hour of joy; there were few such, for He was a man of sorrows: in that hour in which he saw [[Satan]] fall, and heard of the good success of his ministers, in that hour he [[rejoice]]d. He has ever resisted the proud, and given [[grace]] to the humble. The more simply dependent we are on the teaching, help, and blessing of the Son of [[God]], the more we shall know both of the Father and of the Son; the more blessed we shall be in seeing the glory, and hearing the words of the [[Divine]] [[Saviour]]; and the more useful we shall be made in promoting his cause.
'''Verses''' 25-37
If we speak of [[eternal life]], and the way to it, in a careless manner, we take the name of [[God]] in vain. No one will ever [[love]] [[God]] and his neighbour with any measure of pure, spiritual love, who is not made a partaker of converting grace. But the proud [[heart]] of man strives hard against these convictions. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gave an instance of a poor Jew in distress, relieved by a good Samaritan. This poor man fell among thieves, who left him about to die of his wounds. He was slighted by those who should have been his friends, and was cared for by a stranger, a Samaritan, of the nation which the [[Jews]] most despised and detested, and would have no dealings with. It is lamentable to observe how selfishness governs all ranks; how many excuses men will make to avoid trouble or expense in relieving others. But the true [[Christian]] has the law of [[love]] written in his heart. The [[Spirit]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] dwells in him; [[Christ]]'s image is renewed in his soul. The parable is a beautiful explanation of the law of loving our neighbour as ourselves, without regard to nation, party, or any other distinction. It also sets forth the kindness and [[love]] of [[God]] our [[Saviour]] toward sinful, miserable men. We were like this poor, distressed traveller. [[Satan]], our enemy, has robbed us, and wounded us: such is the mischief [[sin]] has done us. The blessed [[Jesus]] had compassion on us. The [[believer]] considers that [[Jesus]] loved him, and gave his life for him, when an enemy and a rebel; and having shown him [[mercy]], he bids him go and do likewise. It is the duty of us all , in our places, and according to our ability, to succour, help, and relieve all that are in distress and necessity.
'''Verses''' 38-42
A good sermon is not the worse for being preached in a house; and the visits of our friends should be so managed, as to make them turn to the good of their souls. Sitting at [[Christ]]'s feet, signifies readiness to receive his word, and submission to the guidance of it. Martha was providing for the entertainment of [[Christ]], and those that came with him. Here were respect to our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] and right care of her household affairs. But there was something to be blamed. She was for much serving; plenty, variety, and exactness. Worldly business is a snare to us, when it hinders us from serving [[God]], and getting good to our souls. What needless time is wasted, and expense often laid out, even in entertaining professors of the [[gospel]]! Though Martha was on this occasion faulty, yet she was a true [[believer]], and in her general conduct did not neglect the one thing needful. The favour of [[God]] is needful to our happiness; the [[salvation]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is needful to our safety. Where this is attended to, all other things will be rightly pursued. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] declared, [[Mary]] hath chosen the good part. For one thing is needful, this one thing that she has done, to give up herself to the guidance of [[Christ]]. The things of this life will be taken away from us, at the furthest, when we shall be taken away from them; but nothing shall separate from the [[love]] of [[Christ]], and a part in that love. Men and devils cannot take it away from us, and [[God]] and [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not. Let us mind the one thing needful more diligently.
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
The disciples taught to pray.
(1-4)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] encourages being earnest in [[prayer]].
(5-13)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] casts out a devil, The blasphemy of the [[Pharisees]].
(14-26)
True happiness.
(27, 28)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the [[Jews]].
(29-36)
He reproves the [[Pharisees]].
(37-54)
'''Verses''' 1-4
"[[Lord]], teach us to pray," is a good [[prayer]], and a very needful one, for [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] only can teach us, by his word and Spirit, how to pray. [[Lord]], teach me what it is to pray; [[Lord]], stir up and quicken me to the duty; [[Lord]], direct me what to pray for; teach me what I should say. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] taught them a [[prayer]], much the same that he had given before in his sermon upon the mount. There are some differences in the words of the [[Lord]]'s [[prayer]] in Matthew and in [[Luke]], but they are of no moment. Let us in our requests, both for others and for ourselves, come to our heavenly Father, confiding in his power and goodness.
'''Verses''' 5-13
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] encourages fervency and constancy in [[prayer]]. We must come for what we need, as a man does to his neighbour or friend, who is kind to him. We must come for bread; for that which is needful. If [[God]] does not answer our [[prayer]]s speedily, yet he will in due time, if we continue to pray. Observe what to pray for; we must ask for the [[Holy Spirit]], not only as necessary in order to our praying well, but as all spiritual blessings are included in that one. For by the influences of the Holy [[Spirit]] we are brought to know [[God]] and ourselves, to repent, believe in, and [[love]] [[Christ]], and so are made comfortable in this world, and meet for happiness in the next. All these blessings our heavenly Father is more ready to bestow on every one that asks for them, than an indulgent parent is to give food to a hungry child. And this is the advantage of the [[prayer]] of faith, that it quiets and establishes the [[heart]] in [[God]].
'''Verses''' 14-26
[[Christ]]'s thus casting out the devils, was really the destroying of their power. The [[heart]] of every unconverted sinner is the devil's palace, where he dwells, and where he rules. There is a kind of [[peace]] in the [[heart]] of an unconverted soul, while the devil, as a strong man armed, keeps it. The sinner is secure, has no doubt concerning the goodness of his state, nor any dread of the judgment to come. But observe the wonderful change made in conversion. The conversion of a soul to [[God]], is [[Christ]]'s victory over the devil and his power in that soul, restoring the soul to its liberty, and recovering his own interest in it and power over it. All the endowments of mind of body are now employed for [[Christ]]. Here is the condition of a hypocrite. The house is swept from common sins, by a forced confession, as [[Pharaoh]]'s; by a feigned contrition, as [[Text:EBD:Ahab|Ahab]]'s; or by a partial reformation, as Herod's. The house is swept, but it is not washed; the [[heart]] is not made holy. Sweeping takes off only the loose dirt, while the [[sin]] that besets the sinner, the beloved [[sin]], is untouched. The house is garnished with common gifts and graces. It is not furnished with any true grace; it is all paint and varnish, not real nor lasting. It was never given up to [[Christ]], nor dwelt in by the [[Spirit]]. Let us take heed of resting in that which a man may have, and yet come short of heaven. The wicked spirits enter in without any difficulty; they are welcomed, and they dwell there; there they work, there they rule. From such an awful state let all earnestly pray to be delivered.
'''Verses''' 27, 28
While the scribes and [[Pharisees]] despised and blasphemed the discourses of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], this good woman admired them, and the wisdom and power with which he spake. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] led the woman to a higher consideration. Though it is a great privilege to hear the word of [[God]], yet those only are truly blessed, that is, blessed of the [[Lord]], that hear it, keep it in memory, and keep to it as their way and rule.
'''Verses''' 29-36
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] promised that there should be one sign more given, even the sign of Jonah the prophet; which in Matthew is explained, as meaning the resurrection of Christ; and he warned them to improve this sign. But though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself were the constant preacher in any congregation, and worked [[miracle]]s daily among them, yet unless his [[grace]] humbled their hearts, they would not profit by his word. Let us not desire more evidence and fuller teaching than the [[Lord]] is pleased to afford us. We should pray without ceasing that our hearts and understandings may be opened, that we may profit by the light we enjoy. And especially take heed that the light which is in us be not darkness; for if our leading principles be wrong, our judgment and practice must become more so.
'''Verses''' 37-54
We should all look to our hearts, that they may be cleansed and new-created; and while we attend to the great things of the law and of the [[gospel]], we must not neglect the smallest matter [[God]] has appointed. When any wait to catch something out of our mouths, that they may insnare us, O [[Lord]], give us thy prudence and thy patience, and disappoint their evil purposes. Furnish us with such meekness and patience that we may [[glory]] in reproaches, for [[Christ]]'s sake, and that thy [[Holy Spirit]] may rest upon us.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the interpreters of the law.
(1-12)
A caution against covetousness, The parable of the rich man.
(13-21)
Worldly care reproved.
(22-40)
Watchfulness enforced.
(41-53)
A warning to be reconciled to [[God]].
(54-59)
'''Verses''' 1-12
A firm belief of the doctrine of [[God]]'s universal providence, and the extent of it, would satisfy us when in peril, and encourage us to trust [[God]] in the way of duty. Providence takes notice of the meanest creatures, even of the sparrows, and therefore of the smallest interests of the disciples of [[Christ]]. Those who confess [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] now, shall be owned by him in the great day, before the angels of [[God]]. To deter us from denying [[Christ]], and deserting his truths and ways, we are here assured that those who deny [[Christ]], though they may thus save life itself, and though they may gain a kingdom by it, will be great losers at last; for [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will not know them, will not own them, nor show them favour. But let no trembling, penitent backslider doubt of obtaining forgiveness. This is far different from the determined enmity that is blasphemy against the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], which shall never be forgiven, because it will never be repented of.
'''Verses''' 13-21
[[Christ]]'s kingdom is spiritual, and not of this world. [[Christianity]] does not meddle with politics; it obliges all to do justly, but wordly dominion is not founded in grace. It does not encourage expectations of worldly advantages by [[religion]]. The rewards of [[Christ]]'s disciples are of another nature. Covetousness is a [[sin]] we need constantly to be warned against; for happiness and comfort do not depend on the wealth of this world. The things of the [[world]] will not satisfy the desires of a soul. Here is a parable, which shows the folly of carnal worldling while they live, and their misery when they die. The character drawn is exactly that of a prudent, worldly man, who has no grateful regard to the providence of [[God]], nor any right thought of the uncertainty of human affairs, the worth of his soul, or the importance of eternity. How many, even among professed [[Christians]], point out similar characters as models for imitation, and proper persons to form connexions with! We mistake if we think that thoughts are hid, and thoughts are free. When he saw a great crop upon his ground, instead of thanking [[God]] for it, or rejoicing to be able to do more good, he afflicts himself. What shall I do now? The poorest beggar in the country could not have said a more anxious word. The more men have, the more perplexity they have with it. It was folly for him to think of making no other use of his plenty, than to indulge the flesh and gratify the sensual appetites, without any thought of doing good to others. Carnal worldlings are fools; and the day is coming when [[God]] will call them by their own name, and they will call themselves so. The [[death]] of such persons is miserable in itself, and terrible to them. Thy soul shall be required. He is loth to part with it; but [[God]] shall require it, shall require an account of it, require it as a guilty soul to be punished without delay. It is the folly of most men, to mind and pursue that which is for the body and for time only, more than that for the soul and eternity.
'''Verses''' 22-40
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] largely insisted upon this caution not to give way to disquieting, perplexing cares, Mt 6:25-34. The arguments here used are for our encouragement to cast our care upon [[God]], which is the right way to get ease. As in our stature, so in our state, it is our wisdom to take it as it is. An eager, anxious pursuit of the things of this world, even necessary things, ill becomes the disciples of [[Christ]]. Fears must not prevail; when we frighten ourselves with thoughts of evil to come, and put ourselves upon needless cares how to avoid it. If we value the beauty of [[holiness]], we shall not crave the luxuries of life. Let us then examine whether we belong to this little flock. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is our Master, and we are his servants; not only working servants, but waiting servants. We must be as men that wait for their lord, that sit up while he stays out late, to be ready to receive him. In this [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] alluded to his own ascension to heaven, his coming to call his people to him by death, and his return to judge the world. We are uncertain as to the time of his coming to us, we should therefore be always ready. If men thus take care of their houses, let us be thus wise for our souls. Be ye therefore ready also; as ready as the good man of the house would be, if he knew at what hour the thief would come.
'''Verses''' 41-53
All are to take to themselves what [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] says in his word, and to inquire concerning it. No one is left so ignorant as not to know many things to be wrong which he does, and many things to be right which he neglects; therefore all are without excuse in their sin. The bringing in the [[gospel]] dispensation would occasion desolations. Not that this would be the tendency of [[Christ]]'s [[religion]], which is pure, [[peace]]able, and loving; but the effect of its being contrary to men's pride and lusts. There was to be a wide publication of the [[gospel]]. But before that took place, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] had a baptism to be baptized with, far different from that of water and the [[Holy Spirit]]. He must endure sufferings and death. It agreed not with his plan to preach the [[gospel]] more widely, till this baptism was completed. We should be zealous in making known the truth, for though divisions will be stirred up, and a man's own household may be his foes, yet sinners will be converted, and [[God]] will be glorified.
'''Verses''' 54-59
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] would have the people to be as wise in the concerns of their souls as they are in outward affairs. Let them hasten to obtain [[peace]] with [[God]] before it is too late. If any man has found that [[God]] has set himself against him concerning his sins, let him apply to him as [[God]] in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reconciling the [[world]] to himself. While we are alive, we are in the way, and now is our time.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to [[Repentance|repentance]] from the case of the Galileans and others.
(1-5)
Parable of the barren fig-tree.
(6-9)
The infirm woman strengthened.
(10-17)
The parables of the mustard seed, and leaven.
(18-22)
Exhortation to enter at the strait gate.
(23-30)
[[Christ]]'s reproof to Herod, and to the people of [[Jerusalem]].
(31-35)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Mention was made to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] of the [[death]] of some Galileans. This tragical story is briefly related here, and is not met with in any historians. In [[Christ]]'s reply he spoke of another event, which, like it, gave an instance of people taken away by sudden death. Towers, that are built for safety, often prove to be men's destruction. He cautioned his hearers not to blame great sufferers, as if they were therefore to be accounted great sinners. As no place or employment can secure from the stroke of death, we should consider the sudden removals of others as warnings to ourselves. On these accounts [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] founded a call to repentance. The same [[Jesus]] that bids us repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand, bids us repent, for otherwise we shall perish.
'''Verses''' 6-9
This parable of the barren fig-tree is intended to enforce the warning given just before: the barren tree, except it brings forth fruit, will be cut down. This parable in the first place refers to the nation and people of the [[Jews]]. Yet it is, without doubt, for awakening all that enjoy the means of grace, and the privileges of the visible [[church]]. When [[God]] has borne long, we may [[hope]] that he will bear with us yet a little longer, but we cannot expect that he will bear always.
'''Verses''' 10-17
Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] attended upon public [[worship]] on the sabbaths. Even bodily infirmities, unless very grievous, should not keep us from public [[worship]] on sabbath days. This woman came to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to be taught, and to get good to her soul, and then he relieved her bodily infirmity. This cure represents the work of [[Christ]]'s [[grace]] upon the soul. And when crooked souls are made straight, they will show it by glorifying [[God]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knew that this ruler had a real enmity to him and to his [[gospel]], and that he did but cloak it with a pretended zeal for the sabbath day; he really would not have them be healed any day; but if [[Jesus]] speaks the word, and puts forth his [[healing]] power, sinners are set free. This deliverance is often wrought on the [[Lord]]'s day; and whatever labour tends to put men in the way of receiving the blessing, agrees with the design of that day.
'''Verses''' 18-22
Here is the progress of the [[gospel]] foretold in two parables, as in Mt 13. The kingdom of the [[Messiah]] is the kingdom of [[God]]. May [[grace]] grow in our hearts; may our [[faith]] and [[love]] grow exceedingly, so as to give undoubted evidence of their reality. May the example of [[God]]'s saints be blessed to those among whom they live; and may his [[grace]] flow from [[heart]] to heart, until the little one becomes a thousand.
'''Verses''' 23-30
Our [[Saviour]] came to guide men's consciences, not to gratify their curiosity. Ask not, How many shall be saved? But, Shall I be one of them? Not, What shall become of such and such? But, What shall I do, and what will become of me? Strive to enter in at the strait gate. This is directed to each of us; it is, Strive ye. All that will be saved, must enter in at the strait gate, must undergo a change of the whole man. Those that would enter in, must strive to enter. Here are awakening considerations, to enforce this exhortation. Oh that we may be all awakened by them! They answer the question, Are there few that shall be saved? But let none despond either as to themselves or others, for there are last who shall be first, and first who shall be last. If we reach heaven, we shall meet many there whom we little thought to meet, and miss many whom we expected to find.
'''Verses''' 31-35
[[Christ]], in calling Herod a fox, gave him his true character. The greatest of men were accountable to [[God]], therefore it became him to call this proud king by his own name; but it is not an example for us. I know, said our [[Lord]], that I must die very shortly; when I die, I shall be perfected, I shall have completed my undertaking. It is good for us to look upon the time we have before us as but little, that we may thereby be quickened to do the work of the day in its day. The wickedness of persons and places which more than others profess [[religion]] and relation to [[God]], especially displeases and grieves the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]]. The judgment of the great day will convince unbelievers; but let us learn thankfully to welcome, and to profit by all who come in the name of the [[Lord]], to call us to partake of his great [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] heals a man on the sabbath.
(1-6)
He teaches humility.
(7-14)
Parable of the great supper.
(15-24)
The necessity of consideration and self-denial.
(25-35)
'''Verses''' 1-6
This Pharisee, as well as others, seems to have had an ill design in entertaining [[Jesus]] at his house. But our [[Lord]] would not be hindered from [[healing]] a man, though he knew a clamour would be raised at his doing it on the sabbath. It requires care to understand the proper connexion between piety and charity in observing the sabbath, and the distinction between works of real necessity and habits of self-indulgence. [[Wisdom]] from above, teaches patient perseverance in well-doing.
'''Verses''' 7-14
Even in the common actions of life, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] marks what we do, not only in our religious assemblies, but at our tables. We see in many cases, that a man's pride will bring him low, and before honour is humility. Our [[Saviour]] here teaches, that works of charity are better than works of show. But our [[Lord]] did not mean that a proud and unbelieving liberality should be rewarded, but that his precept of doing good to the poor and afflicted should be observed from [[love]] to him.
'''Verses''' 15-24
In this parable observe the free [[grace]] and [[mercy]] of [[God]] shining in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], which will be food and a feast for the soul of a man that knows its own wants and miseries. All found some pretence to put off their attendance. This reproves the Jewish nation for their neglect of the offers of [[Christ]]'s grace. It shows also the backwardness there is to close with the [[gospel]] call. The want of gratitude in those who slight [[gospel]] offers, and the contempt put upon the [[God]] of heaven thereby, justly provoke him. The apostles were to turn to the [[Gentiles]], when the [[Jews]] refused the offer; and with them the [[church]] was filled. The provision made for precious souls in the [[gospel]] of [[Christ]], has not been made in vain; for if some reject, others will thankfully accept the offer. The very poor and low in the world, shall be as welcome to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as the rich and great; and many times the [[gospel]] has the greatest success among those that labour under worldly disadvantages and bodily infirmities. [[Christ]]'s house shall at last be filled; it will be so when the number of the elect is completed.
'''Verses''' 25-35
Though the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] are not all crucified, yet they all bear their cross, and must bear it in the way of duty. [[Jesus]] bids them count upon it, and then consider of it. Our [[Saviour]] explains this by two similitudes; the former showing that we must consider the expenses of our [[religion]]; the latter, that we must consider the perils of it. Sit down and count the cost; consider it will cost the mortifying of [[sin]], even the most beloved lusts. The proudest and most daring sinner cannot stand against [[God]], for who knows the power of his anger? It is our interest to seek [[peace]] with him, and we need not send to ask conditions of [[peace]], they are offered to us, and are highly to our advantage. In some way a disciple of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will be put to the trial. May we seek to be disciples indeed, and be careful not to grow slack in our profession, or afraid of the cross; that we may be the good salt of the earth, to season those around us with the savour of [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 15
''Chapter Outline''
Parables of the lost sheep, and the piece of silver.
(1-10)
The prodigal son, his wickedness and distress.
(11-16)
His [[Repentance|repentance]] and [[pardon]] .
(17-24)
The elder brother offended.
(25-32)
'''Verses''' 1-10
The parable of the lost sheep is very applicable to the great work of man's redemption. The lost sheep represents the sinner as departed from [[God]], and exposed to certain ruin if not brought back to him, yet not desirous to return. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is earnest in bringing sinners home. In the parable of the lost piece of silver, that which is lost, is one piece, of small value compared with the rest. Yet the woman seeks diligently till she finds it. This represents the various means and methods [[God]] makes use of to bring lost souls home to himself, and the [[Saviour]]'s joy on their return to him. How careful then should we be that our [[Repentance|repentance]] is unto [[salvation]]!
'''Verses''' 11-16
The parable of the prodigal son shows the nature of repentance, and the [[Lord]]'s readiness to welcome and bless all who return to him. It fully sets forth the riches of [[gospel]] grace; and it has been, and will be, while the [[world]] stands, of unspeakable use to poor sinners, to direct and to encourage them in repenting and returning to [[God]]. It is bad, and the beginning of worse, when men look upon [[God]]'s gifts as debts due to them. The great folly of sinners, and that which ruins them, is, being content in their life-time to receive their good things. Our first parents ruined themselves and all their race, by a foolish ambition to be independent, and this is at the bottom of sinners' persisting in their sin. We may all discern some features of our own characters in that of the prodigal son. A sinful state is of departure and distance from [[God]]. A sinful state is a spending state: wilful sinners misemploy their thoughts and the powers of their souls, mispend their time and all their opportunities. A sinful state is a wanting state. Sinners want necessaries for their souls; they have neither food nor raiment for them, nor any provision for hereafter. A sinful state is a vile, slavish state. The business of the devil's servants is to make provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof, and that is no better than feeding swine. A sinful state is a state constant discontent. The wealth of the [[world]] and the pleasures of the senses will not even satisfy our bodies; but what are they to precious souls! A sinful state is a state which cannot look for relief from any creature. In vain do we cry to the [[world]] and to the flesh; they have that which will poison a soul, but have nothing to give which will feed and nourish it. A sinful state is a state of death. A sinner is dead in trespasses and sins, destitute of spiritual life. A sinful state is a lost state. Souls that are separated from [[God]], if his [[mercy]] prevent not, will soon be lost for ever. The prodigal's wretched state, only faintly shadows forth the awful ruin of man by sin. Yet how few are sensible of their own state and character!
'''Verses''' 17-24
Having viewed the prodigal in his abject state of misery, we are next to consider his recovery from it. This begins by his coming to himself. That is a turning point in the sinner's conversion. The [[Lord]] opens his eyes, and convinces him of sin; then he views himself and every object, in a different light from what he did before. Thus the convinced sinner perceives that the meanest servant of [[God]] is happier than he is. To look unto [[God]] as a Father, and our Father, will be of great use in our [[Repentance|repentance]] and return to him. The prodigal arose, nor stopped till he reached his home. Thus the repenting sinner resolutely quits the bondage of [[Satan]] and his lusts, and returns to [[God]] by [[prayer]], notwithstanding fears and discouragements. The [[Lord]] meets him with unexpected tokens of his forgiving love. Again; the reception of the humbled sinner is like that of the prodigal. He is clothed in the robe of the [[Redeemer]]'s righteousness, made partaker of the [[Spirit]] of adoption, prepared by [[peace]] of conscience and [[gospel]] [[grace]] to walk in the ways of [[holiness]], and feasted with [[Divine]] consolations. Principles of [[grace]] and [[holiness]] are wrought in him, to do, as well as to will.
'''Verses''' 25-32
In the latter part of this parable we have the character of the [[Pharisees]], though not of them alone. It sets forth the kindness of the [[Lord]], and the proud manner in which his gracious kindness is often received. The [[Jews]], in general, showed the same spirit towards the converted [[Gentiles]]; and numbers in every age object to the [[gospel]] and its preachers, on the same ground. What must that temper be, which stirs up a man to despise and abhor those for whom the [[Saviour]] shed his precious blood, who are objects of the Father's choice, and temples of the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]! This springs from pride, self-preference, and ignorance of a man's own heart. The [[mercy]] and [[grace]] of our [[God]] in [[Christ]], shine almost as bright in his tender and gentle bearing with peevish saints, as his receiving prodigal sinners upon their repentance. It is the unspeakable happiness of all the [[children]] of [[God]], who keep close to their Father's house, that they are, and shall be ever with him. Happy will it be for those who thankfully accept [[Christ]]'s invitation.
----
'''Chapter''' 16
''Chapter Outline''
The parable of the unjust steward.
(1-12)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] reproves the hypocrisy of the covetous [[Pharisees]].
(13-18)
The rich man and Lazarus.
(19-31)
'''Verses''' 1-12
Whatever we have, the property of it is [[God]]'s; we have only the use of it, according to the direction of our great [[Lord]], and for his honour. This steward wasted his lord's goods. And we are all liable to the same charge; we have not made due improvement of what [[God]] has trusted us with. The steward cannot deny it; he must make up his accounts, and be gone. This may teach us that [[death]] will come, and deprive us of the opportunities we now have. The steward will make friends of his lord's debtors or tenants, by striking off a considerable part of their debt to his lord. The lord referred to in this parable commended not the fraud, but the policy of the steward. In that respect alone is it so noticed. Worldly men, in the choice of their object, are foolish; but in their activity, and perseverance, they are often wiser than [[believer]]s. The unjust steward is not set before us as an example in cheating his master, or to justify any dishonesty, but to point out the careful ways of worldly men. It would be well if the [[children]] of light would learn wisdom from the men of the world, and would as earnestly pursue their better object. The true riches signify spiritual blessings; and if a man spends upon himself, or hoards up what [[God]] has trusted to him, as to outward things, what evidence can he have, that he is an heir of [[God]] through Christ? The riches of this [[world]] are deceitful and uncertain. Let us be convinced that those are truly rich, and very rich, who are rich in faith, and rich toward [[God]], rich in [[Christ]], in the promises; let us then lay up our treasure in heaven, and expect our portion from thence.
'''Verses''' 13-18
To this parable our [[Lord]] added a solemn warning. Ye cannot serve [[God]] and the world, so divided are the two interests. When our [[Lord]] spoke thus, the covetous [[Pharisees]] treated his instructions with contempt. But he warned them, that what they contended for as the law, was a wresting of its meaning: this our [[Lord]] showed in a case respecting divorce. There are many covetous sticklers for the forms of [[godliness]], who are the bitterest enemies to its power, and try to set others against the truth.
'''Verses''' 19-31
Here the spiritual things are represented, in a description of the different state of good and bad, in this [[world]] and in the other. We are not told that the rich man got his estate by fraud, or oppression; but [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shows, that a man may have a great deal of the wealth, pomp, and pleasure of this world, yet perish for ever under [[God]]'s wrath and curse. The [[sin]] of this rich man was his providing for himself only. Here is a godly man, and one that will hereafter be happy for ever, in the depth of adversity and distress. It is often the lot of some of the dearest of [[God]]'s saints and servants to be greatly afflicted in this world. We are not told that the rich man did him any harm, but we do not find that he had any care for him. Here is the different condition of this godly poor man, and this wicked rich man, at and after death. The rich man in hell lifted up his eyes, being in torment. It is not probable that there are discourses between glorified saints and damned sinners, but this dialogue shows the hopeless misery and fruitless desires, to which condemned spirits are brought. There is a day coming, when those who now hate and despise the people of [[God]], would gladly receive kindness from them. But the damned in hell shall not have the least abatement of their torment. Sinners are now called upon to remember; but they do not, they will not, they find ways to avoid it. As wicked people have good things only in this life, and at [[death]] are for ever separated from all good, so godly people have evil things only in this life, and at [[death]] they are for ever put from them. In this world, blessed be [[God]], there is no gulf between a state of nature and grace, we may pass from [[sin]] to [[God]]; but if we die in our sins, there is no coming out. The rich man had five brethren, and would have them stopped in their sinful course; their coming to that place of torment, would make his misery the worse, who had helped to show them the way thither. How many would now desire to recall or to undo what they have written or done! Those who would make the rich man's praying to [[Abraham]] justify praying to saints departed, go far to seek for proofs, when the mistake of a damned sinner is all they can find for an example. And surely there is no encouragement to follow the example, when all his [[prayer]]s were made in vain. A messenger from the dead could say no more than what is said in the Scriptures. The same strength of corruption that breaks through the convictions of the written word, would triumph over a witness from the dead. Let us seek to the law and to the testimony, Isa 8:19, 20, for that is the sure word of prophecy, upon which we may rest, 2Pe 1:19. Circumstances in every age show that no terrors, or arguments, can give true [[Repentance|repentance]] without the special [[grace]] of [[God]] renewing the sinner's heart.
----
'''Chapter''' 17
''Chapter Outline''
To avoid offences, To pray for increase of faith, Humility taught.
(11-19)
Ten lepers cleansed.
(1-10)
[[Christ]]'s kingdom.
(20-37)
'''Verses''' 1-10
It is no abatement of their guilt by whom an offence comes, nor will it lessen their punishment that offences will come. Faith in [[God]]'s [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]], will enable us to get over the greatest difficulties in the way of forgiving our brethren. As with [[God]] nothing is impossible, so all things are possible to him that can believe. Our [[Lord]] showed his disciples their need of deep humility. The [[Lord]] has such a property in every creature, as no man can have in another; he cannot be in debt to them for their services, nor do they deserve any return from him.
'''Verses''' 11-19
A sense of our spiritual leprosy should make us very humble whenever we draw near to [[Christ]]. It is enough to refer ourselves to the compassions of [[Christ]], for they fail not. We may look for [[God]] to meet us with [[mercy]], when we are found in the way of obedience. Only one of those who were healed returned to give thanks. It becomes us, like him, to be very humble in thanksgivings, as well as in [[prayer]]s. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] noticed the one who thus distinguished himself, he was a Samaritan. The others only got the outward cure, he alone got the spiritual blessing.
'''Verses''' 20-37
The kingdom of [[God]] was among the [[Jews]], or rather within some of them. It was a spiritual kingdom, set up in the [[heart]] by the power of Divine grace. Observe how it had been with sinners formerly, and in what state the judgments of [[God]], which they had been warned of, found them. Here is shown what a dreadful surprise this destruction will be to the secure and sensual. Thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to destroy the Jewish nation by the Roman armies, that nation was found in such a state of false security as is here spoken of. In like manner, when [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall come to judge the world, sinners will be found altogether regardless; for in like manner the sinners of every age go on securely in their evil ways, and remember not their latter end. But wherever the wicked are, who are marked for eternal ruin, they shall be found by the judgments of [[God]].
----
'''Chapter''' 18
''Chapter Outline''
The parable of the importunate widow.
(1-8)
The Pharisee and the publican.
(9-14)
Children brought to [[Christ]].
(15-17)
The ruler hindered by his riches.
(18-30)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] foreshows his death.
(31-34)
A blind man restored to sight.
(35-43)
'''Verses''' 1-8
All [[God]]'s people are praying people. Here earnest steadiness in [[prayer]] for spiritual mercies is taught. The widow's earnestness prevailed even with the unjust judge: she might [[fear]] lest it should set him more against her; but our earnest [[prayer]] is pleasing to our [[God]]. Even to the end there will still be ground for the same complaint of weakness of faith.
'''Verses''' 9-14
This parable was to convince some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others. [[God]] sees with what disposition and design we come to him in holy ordinances. What the Pharisee said, shows that he trusted to himself that he was righteous. We may suppose he was free from gross and scandalous sins. All this was very well and commendable. Miserable is the condition of those who come short of the righteousness of this Pharisee, yet he was not accepted; and why not? He went up to the [[temple]] to pray, but was full of himself and his own goodness; the favour and [[grace]] of [[God]] he did not think worth asking. Let us beware of presenting proud devotions to the [[Lord]], and of despising others. The publican's address to [[God]] was full of humility, and of [[Repentance|repentance]] for [[sin]], and desire toward [[God]]. His [[prayer]] was short, but to the purpose; [[God]] be merciful to me a sinner. Blessed be [[God]], that we have this short [[prayer]] upon record, as an answered [[prayer]]; and that we are sure that he who prayed it, went to his house justified; for so shall we be, if we pray it, as he did, through [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. He owned himself a sinner by nature, by practice, guilty before [[God]]. He had no dependence but upon the [[mercy]] of [[God]]; upon that alone he relied. And [[God]]'s [[glory]] is to resist the proud, and give [[grace]] to the humble. Justification is of [[God]] in Christ; therefore the self-condemned, and not the self-righteous, are justified before [[God]].
'''Verses''' 15-17
None are too little, too young, to be brought to [[Christ]], who knows how to show kindness to those not capable of doing service to him. It is the mind of [[Christ]], that little [[children]] should be brought to him. The promise is to us, and to our seed; therefore He will bid them welcome to him with us. And we must receive his kingdom as children, not by purchase, and must call it our Father's gift.
'''Verses''' 18-30
Many have a great deal in them very commendable, yet perish for lack of some one thing; so this ruler could not bear [[Christ]]'s terms, which would part between him and his estate. Many who are loth to leave [[Christ]], yet do leave him. After a long struggle between their convictions and their corruptions, their corruptions carry the day. They are very sorry that they cannot serve both; but if one must be quitted, it shall be their [[God]], not their wordly gain. Their boasted obedience will be found mere outside show; the [[love]] of the [[world]] in some form or other lies at the root. Men are apt to speak too much of what they have left and lost, of what they have done and suffered for [[Christ]], as [[ Peter]] did. But we should rather be ashamed that there has been any regret or difficulty in doing it.
'''Verses''' 31-34
The [[Spirit]] of [[Christ]], in the Old Testament prophets, testified beforehand his sufferings, and the [[glory]] that should follow, 1Pe 1:11. The disciples' prejudices were so strong, that they would not understand these things literally. They were so intent upon the prophecies which spake of [[Christ]]'s glory, that they overlooked those which spake of his sufferings. People run into mistakes, because they read their [[Bible]]s by halves, and are only for the smooth things. We are as backward to learn the proper lessons from the sufferings, crucifixion, and resurrection of [[Christ]], as the disciples were to what he told them as to those events; and for the same reason; self-love, and a desire of worldly objects, close our understandings.
'''Verses''' 35-43
This poor blind man sat by the wayside, begging. He was not only blind, but poor, the fitter emblem of the [[world]] of mankind which [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to heal and save. The [[prayer]] of faith, guided by [[Christ]]'s encouraging promises, and grounded on them, shall not be in vain. The [[grace]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ought to be thankfully acknowledged, to the [[glory]] of [[God]]. It is for the [[glory]] of [[God]] if we follow [[Jesus]], as those will do whose eyes are opened. We must praise [[God]] for his mercies to others, as well as for mercies to ourselves. Would we rightly understand these things, we must come to [[Christ]], like the blind man, earnestly beseeching him to open our eyes, and to show us clearly the excellence of his precepts, and the value of his [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 19
''Chapter Outline''
The conversion of Zaccheus.
(1-10)
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
(11-27)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] enters [[Jerusalem]].
(28-40)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] laments over [[Jerusalem]].
(41-48)
'''Verses''' 1-10
Those who sincerely desire a sight of [[Christ]], like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know [[Christ]], shall be known of him. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the [[grace]] of [[God]], show the sincerity of his [[faith]] and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from [[sin]] to [[God]]. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of [[salvation]] are his. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is come to his house, and where [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] comes he brings [[salvation]] with him. He came into this lost [[world]] to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no [[salvation]] in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
'''Verses''' 11-27
This parable is like that of the talents, Mt 25. Those that are called to [[Christ]], he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the [[Spirit]] is given to every man to profit withal, 1Co 12:7. And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, 1Pe 4:10. The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of [[Christ]], as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the [[gospel]], which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that [[God]] gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the [[gospel]] may be differently improved.
'''Verses''' 28-40
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. [[Christ]]'s triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud [[Pharisees]], who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But [[Christ]], as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. [[Pharisees]] would silence the praises of [[Christ]], but they cannot; for as [[God]] can out of stones raise up [[children]] unto [[Abraham]], and turn the stony [[heart]] to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the [[Lord]] returns in [[glory]] to judge the world!
'''Verses''' 41-48
Who can behold the holy [[Jesus]], looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of [[God]] in the [[believer]], consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though [[Jesus]] wept over [[Jerusalem]], he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the [[death]] of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his [[salvation]]. The Son of [[God]] did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and [[salvation]].
----
'''Chapter''' 20
''Chapter Outline''
The priests and scribes question [[Christ]]'s authority.
(1-8)
The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen.
(9-19)
Of giving tribute.
(20-26)
Concerning the resurrection.
(27-38)
The scribes silenced.
(39-47)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Men often pretend to examine the evidences of revelation, and the truth of the [[gospel]], when only seeking excuses for their own unbelief and disobedience. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] answered these priests and scribes with a plain question about the baptism of John, which the common people could answer. They all knew it was from heaven, nothing in it had an earthly tendency. Those that bury the knowledge they have, are justly denied further knowledge. It was just with [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to refuse to give account of his authority, to those who knew the baptism of John to be from heaven, yet would not believe in him, nor own their knowledge.
'''Verses''' 9-19
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] spake this parable against those who resolved not to own his authority, though the evidence of it was so full. How many resemble the [[Jews]] who murdered the prophets and crucified [[Christ]], in their enmity to [[God]], and aversion to his service, desiring to live according to their lusts, without control! Let all who are favoured with [[God]]'s word, look to it that they make proper use of their advantages. Awful will be the doom, both of those who reject the Son, and of those who profess to reverence Him, yet render not the fruits in due season. Though they could not but own that for such a [[sin]], such a punishment was just, yet they could not bear to hear of it. It is the folly of sinners, that they persevere in sinful ways, though they dread the destruction at the end of those ways.
'''Verses''' 20-26
Those who are most crafty in their designs against [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his [[gospel]], cannot hide them. He did not give a direct answer, but reproved them for offering to impose upon him; and they could not fasten upon any thing wherewith to stir up either the governor or the people against him. The wisdom which is from above, will direct all who teach the way of [[God]] truly, to avoid the snares laid for them by wicked men; and will teach our duty to [[God]], to our rulers, and to all men, so clearly, that opposers will have no evil to say of us.
'''Verses''' 27-38
It is common for those who design to undermine any truth of [[God]], to load it with difficulties. But we wrong ourselves, and wrong the truth of [[Christ]], when we form our notions of the [[world]] of spirits by this [[world]] of sense. There are more worlds than one; a present visible world, and a future unseen world; and let every one compare this world and that world, and give the preference in his thoughts and cares to that which deserves them. Believers shall obtain the resurrection from the dead, that is the blessed resurrection. What shall be the happy state of the inhabitants of that world, we cannot express or conceive, 1Co 2:9. Those that are entered into the [[joy]] of their [[Lord]], are entirely taken up therewith; when there is perfection of [[holiness]] there will be no occasion for preservatives from sin. And when [[God]] called himself the [[God]] of these patriarchs, he meant that he was a [[God]] all-sufficient to them, Ge 17:1, their exceeding great Reward, Ge 15:1. He never did that for them in this world, which answered the full extent of his undertaking; therefore there must be another life, in which he will do that for them, which will completely fulfil the promise.
'''Verses''' 39-47
The scribes commended the reply [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] made to the [[Sadducees]] about the resurrection, but they were silenced by a question concerning the [[Messiah]]. [[Christ]], as [[God]], was [[David]]'s [[Lord]]; but [[Christ]], as man, was [[David]]'s son. The scribes would receive the severest judgement for defrauding the poor widows, and for their abuse of [[religion]], particularly of [[prayer]], which they used as a pretence for carrying on worldly and wicked plans. Dissembled piety is double sin. Then let us beg of [[God]] to keep us from pride, ambition, covetousness, and every evil thing; and to teach us to seek that honour which comes from him alone.
----
'''Chapter''' 21
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] commends a poor widow.
(1-4)
His prophecy.
(5-28)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] exhorts to watchfulness.
(29-38)
'''Verses''' 1-4
From the offering of this poor widow, learn that what we rightly give for the relief of the poor, and the support of [[God]]'s worship, is given unto [[God]]; and our [[Saviour]] sees with pleasure whatever we have in our hearts to give for the relief of his members, or for his service. Blessed [[Lord]]! the poorest of thy servants have two mites, they have a soul and a body; persuade and enable us to offer both unto thee; how happy shall we be in thine accepting of them!
'''Verses''' 5-28
With much curiosity those about [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ask as to the time when the great desolation should be. He answers with clearness and fulness, as far as was necessary to teach them their duty; for all knowledge is desirable as far as it is in order to practice. Though spiritual judgements are the most common in [[gospel]] times, yet [[God]] makes use of temporal judgments also. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] tells them what hard things they should suffer for his name's sake, and encourages them to bear up under their trials, and to go on in their work, notwithstanding the opposition they would meet with. [[God]] will stand by you, and own you, and assist you. This was remarkably fulfilled after the pouring out of the [[Spirit]], by whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gave his disciples wisdom and utterance. Though we may be losers for [[Christ]], we shall not, we cannot be losers by him, in the end. It is our duty and interest at all times, especially in perilous, trying times, to secure the safety of our own souls. It is by [[Christian]] patience we keep possession of our own souls, and keep out all those impressions which would put us out of temper. We may view the prophecy before us much as those Old Testament prophecies, which, together with their great object, embrace, or glance at some nearer object of importance to the [[church]]. Having given an idea of the times for about thirty-eight years next to come, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shows what all those things would end in, namely, the destruction of [[Jerusalem]], and the utter dispersion of the Jewish nation; which would be a type and figure of [[Christ]]'s second coming. The scattered [[Jews]] around us preach the truth of [[Christianity]]; and prove, that though heaven and earth shall pass away, the words of [[Jesus]] shall not pass away. They also remind us to pray for those times when neither the real, nor the spiritual [[Jerusalem]], shall any longer be trodden down by the [[Gentiles]], and when both [[Jews]] and [[Gentiles]] shall be turned to the [[Lord]]. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came to destroy the [[Jews]], he came to redeem the [[Christians]] that were persecuted and oppressed by them; and then had the [[church]]es rest. When he comes to judge the world, he will redeem all that are his from their troubles. So fully did the [[Divine]] judgements come upon the [[Jews]], that their city is set as an example before us, to show that sins will not pass unpunished; and that the terrors of the [[Lord]], and his threatenings against impenitent sinners, will all come to pass, even as his word was true, and his wrath great upon [[Jerusalem]].
'''Verses''' 29-38
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] tells his disciples to observe the signs of the times, which they might judge by. He charges them to look upon the ruin of the Jewish nation as near. Yet this race and family of [[Abraham]] shall not be rooted out; it shall survive as a nation, and be found as prophesied, when the Son of man shall be revealed. He cautions them against being secure and sensual. This command is given to all [[Christ]]'s disciples, Take heed to yourselves, that ye be not overpowered by temptations, nor betrayed by your own corruptions. We cannot be safe, if we are carnally secure. Our danger is, lest the day of [[death]] and of judgment should come upon us when we are not prepared. Lest, when we are called to meet our [[Lord]], that be the furthest from our thoughts, which ought to be nearest our hearts. For so it will come upon the most of men, who dwell upon the earth, and mind earthly things only, and have no conVerse with heaven. It will be a terror and a destruction to them. Here see what should be our aim, that we may be accounted worthy to escape all those things; that when the judgements of [[God]] are abroad, we may not be in the common calamity, or it may not be that to us which it is to others. Do you ask how you may be found worthy to stand before [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] at that day? Those who never yet sought [[Christ]], let them now go unto him; those who never yet were humbled for their sins, let them now begin; those who have already begun, let them go forward and be kept humbled. Watch therefore, and pray always. Watch against sin; watch in every duty, and make the most of every opportunity to do good. Pray always: those shall be accounted worthy to live a life of praise in the other world, who live a life of [[prayer]] in this world. May we begin, employ, and conclude each day attending to [[Christ]]'s word, obeying his precepts, and following his example, that whenever he comes we may be found watching.
----
'''Chapter''' 22
''Chapter Outline''
The treachery of Judas.
(1-6)
The passover.
(7-18)
The [[Lord]]'s supper instituted.
(19, 20)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] admonishes the disciples.
(21-38)
[[Christ]]'s agony in the garden.
(39-46)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] betrayed.
(47-53)
The fall of [[ Peter]].
(54-62)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] confesses himself to be the Son of [[God]].
(63-71)
'''Verses''' 1-6
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] so well, came to betray him, we are here told; [[Satan]] entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to [[Christ]]'s kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
'''Verses''' 7-18
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his [[gospel]] institutions, and most of all that of the [[Lord]]'s supper. Those who go upon [[Christ]]'s word, need not [[fear]] disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. [[Jesus]] bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's [[glory]] and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of [[God]] the substance was come.
'''Verses''' 19, 20
The [[Lord]]'s supper is a sign or memorial of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] already come, who by dying delivered us; his [[death]] is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of [[Christ]]'s body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of [[Christ]]'s making atonement for [[sin]], and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of [[Christ]]'s blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
'''Verses''' 21-38
How unbecoming is the worldly ambition of being the greatest, to the character of a follower of [[Jesus]], who took upon him the form of a servant, and humbled himself to the [[death]] of the cross! In the way to eternal happiness, we must expect to be assaulted and sifted by [[Satan]]. If he cannot destroy, he will try to disgrace or distress us. Nothing more certainly forebodes a fall, in a professed follower of [[Christ]], than self-confidence, with disregard to warnings, and contempt of danger. Unless we watch and pray always, we may be drawn in the course of the day into those sins which we were in the morning most resolved against. If [[believer]]s were left to themselves, they would fall; but they are kept by the power of [[God]], and the [[prayer]] of [[Christ]]. Our [[Lord]] gave notice of a very great change of circumstances now approaching. The disciples must not expect that their friends would be kind to them as they had been. Therefore, he that has a purse, let him take it, for he may need it. They must now expect that their enemies would be more fierce than they had been, and they would need weapons. At the time the apostles understood [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to mean real weapons, but he spake only of the weapons of the spiritual warfare. The sword of the [[Spirit]] is the sword with which the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must furnish themselves.
'''Verses''' 39-46
Every description which the evangelists give of the state of mind in which our [[Lord]] entered upon this conflict, proves the tremendous nature of the assault, and the perfect foreknowledge of its terrors possessed by the meek and lowly [[Jesus]]. Here are three things not in the other evangelists. 1. When [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was in his agony, there appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. It was a part of his humiliation that he was thus strengthened by a ministering spirit. 2. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly. Prayer, though never out of season, is in a special manner seasonable when we are in an agony. 3. In this agony his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down. This showed the travail of his soul. We should pray also to be enabled to resist unto the shedding of our blood, striving against [[sin]], if ever called to it. When next you dwell in imagination upon the delights of some favourite [[sin]], think of its effects as you behold them here! See its fearful effects in the garden of Gethsemane, and desire, by the help of [[God]], deeply to hate and to forsake that enemy, to ransom sinners from whom the [[Redeemer]] prayed, agonized, and bled.
'''Verses''' 47-53
Nothing can be a greater affront or grief to the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], than to be betrayed by those who profess to be his followers, and say that they [[love]] him. Many instances there are, of [[Christ]]'s being betrayed by those who, under the form of [[godliness]], fight against the power of it. [[Jesus]] here gave an illustrious example of his own rule of doing good to those that hate us, as afterwards he did of praying for those that despitefully use us. Corrupt nature warps our conduct to extremes; we should seek for the [[Lord]]'s direction before we act in difficult circumstances. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was willing to wait for his triumphs till his warfare was accomplished, and we must be so too. But the hour and the power of darkness were short, and such the triumphs of the wicked always will be.
'''Verses''' 54-62
Peter's fall was his denying that he knew [[Christ]], and was his disciple; disowning him because of distress and danger. He that has once told a lie, is strongly tempted to persist: the beginning of that [[sin]], like strife, is as the letting forth of water. The [[Lord]] turned and looked upon [[ Peter]]. 1. It was a convincing look. [[Jesus]] turned and looked upon him, as if he should say, Dost thou not know me, [[ Peter]]? 2. It was a chiding look. Let us think with what a rebuking countenance [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] may justly look upon us when we have sinned. 3. It was an expostulating look. Thou who wast the most forward to confess me to be the Son of [[God]], and didst solemnly promise thou wouldest never disown me! 4. It was a compassionate look. [[ Peter]], how art thou fallen and undone if I do not help thee! 5. It was a directing look, to go and bethink himself. 6. It was a significant look; it signified the conveying of [[grace]] to [[ Peter]]'s heart, to enable him to repent. The [[grace]] of [[God]] works in and by the word of [[God]], brings that to mind, and sets that home upon the conscience, and so gives the soul the happy turn. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] looked upon the chief priests, and made no impression upon them as he did on [[ Peter]]. It was not the mere look from [[Christ]], but the [[Divine]] [[grace]] with it, that restored [[ Peter]].
'''Verses''' 63-71
Those that condemned [[Jesus]] for a blasphemer, were the vilest blasphemers. He referred them to his second coming, for the full proof of his being the [[Christ]], to their confusion, since they would not admit the proof of it to their conviction. He owns himself to be the Son of [[God]], though he knew he should suffer for it. Upon this they ground his condemnation. Their eyes being blinded, they rush on. Let us meditate on this amazing transaction, and consider Him who endured such contradiction of sinners against himself.
----
'''Chapter''' 23
''Chapter Outline''
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] before Pilate.
(1-5)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] before Herod.
(6-12)
Barabbas preferred to [[Christ]].
(13-25)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] speaks of the destruction of [[Jerusalem]].
(26-31)
The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor.
(32-43)
The [[death]] of [[Christ]].
(44-49)
The burial of [[Christ]].
(50-56)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our [[Lord]]'s followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the [[Jews]] were the more angry. The [[Lord]] brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of [[Jesus]], who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.
'''Verses''' 6-12
Herod had heard many things of [[Jesus]] in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a [[miracle]] for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a [[miracle]] only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to [[God]], and contempt of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 13-25
The [[fear]] of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares [[Jesus]] innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered [[Jesus]] to their will, to be crucified.
'''Verses''' 26-31
We have here the blessed [[Jesus]], the Lamb of [[God]], led as a lamb to the slaughter, to the sacrifice. Though many reproached and reviled him, yet some pitied him. But the [[death]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was his victory and triumph over his enemies: it was our deliverance, the purchase of [[eternal life]] for us. Therefore weep not for him, but let us weep for our own sins, and the sins of our children, which caused his death; and weep for [[fear]] of the miseries we shall bring upon ourselves, if we slight his love, and reject his grace. If [[God]] delivered him up to such sufferings as these, because he was made a sacrifice for [[sin]], what will he do with sinners themselves, who make themselves a dry tree, a corrupt and wicked generation, and good for nothing! The bitter sufferings of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] should make us stand in awe of the justice of [[God]]. The best saints, compared with [[Christ]], are dry trees; if he suffer, why may not they expect to suffer? And what then shall the damnation of sinners be! Even the sufferings of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] preach terror to obstinate transgressors.
'''Verses''' 32-43
As soon as [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was fastened to the cross, he prayed for those who crucified him. The great thing he died to purchase and procure for us, is the [[forgiveness]] of sin. This he prays for. [[Jesus]] was crucified between two thieves; in them were shown the different effects the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] would have upon the [[children]] of men in the preaching the [[gospel]]. One malefactor was hardened to the last. No troubles of themselves will change a wicked heart. The other was softened at the last: he was snatched as a brand out of the burning, and made a monument of [[Divine]] [[mercy]]. This gives no encouragement to any to put off [[Repentance|repentance]] to their death-beds, or to [[hope]] that they shall then find [[mercy]]. It is certain that true [[Repentance|repentance]] is never too late; but it is as certain that late [[Repentance|repentance]] is seldom true. None can be sure they shall have time to repent at death, but every man may be sure he cannot have the advantages this penitent thief had. We shall see the case to be singular, if we observe the uncommon effects of [[God]]'s [[grace]] upon this man. He reproved the other for railing on [[Christ]]. He owned that he deserved what was done to him. He believed [[Jesus]] to have suffered wrongfully. Observe his [[faith]] in this [[prayer]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was in the depth of disgrace, suffering as a deceiver, and not delivered by his Father. He made this profession before the wonders were displayed which put honour on [[Christ]]'s sufferings, and startled the centurion. He believed in a life to come, and desired to be happy in that life; not like the other thief, to be only saved from the cross. Observe his humility in this [[prayer]]. All his request is, [[Lord]], remember me; quite referring it to [[Jesus]] in what way to remember him. Thus he was humbled in true repentance, and he brought forth all the fruits for [[Repentance|repentance]] his circumstances would admit. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upon the cross, is gracious like [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] upon the throne. Though he was in the greatest struggle and agony, yet he had pity for a poor penitent. By this act of [[grace]] we are to understand that [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ]] died to open the kingdom of heaven to all penitent, obedient [[believer]]s. It is a single instance in Scripture; it should teach us to despair of none, and that none should despair of themselves; but lest it should be abused, it is contrasted with the awful state of the other thief, who died hardened in unbelief, though a crucified [[Saviour]] was so near him. Be sure that in general men die as they live.
'''Verses''' 44-49
We have here the [[death]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] magnified by the wonders that attended it, and his [[death]] explained by the words with which he breathed out his soul. He was willing to offer himself. Let us seek to glorify [[God]] by true [[Repentance|repentance]] and conversion; by protesting against those who crucify the [[Saviour]]; by a sober, righteous, and godly life; and by employing our talents in the service of Him who died for us and rose again.
'''Verses''' 50-56
Many, though they do not make any show in outward profession, yet, like [[Joseph]] of Arimathea, will be far more ready to do real service, when there is occasion, than others who make a greater noise. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was buried in haste, because the sabbath drew on. Weeping must not hinder sowing. Though they were in tears for the [[death]] of their [[Lord]], yet they must prepare to keep holy the sabbath. When the sabbath draws on, there must be preparation. Our worldly affairs must be so ordered, that they may not hinder us from our sabbath work; and our holy affections so stirred up, that they may carry us on in it. In whatever business we engage, or however our hearts may be affected, let us never fail to get ready for, and to keep holy, the day of sacred rest, which is the [[Lord]]'s day.
----
'''Chapter''' 24
''Chapter Outline''
The resurrection of [[Christ]].
(1-12)
He appears to two disciples on the way to Emmaus.
(13-27)
And makes himself known to them.
(28-35)
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] appears to the other disciples.
(36-49)
His ascension.
(50-53)
'''Verses''' 1-12
See the affection and respect the women showed to [[Christ]], after he was dead and buried. Observe their surprise when they found the stone rolled away, and the grave empty. [[Christians]] often perplex themselves about that with which they should comfort and encourage themselves. They look rather to find their Master in his grave-clothes, than angels in their shining garments. The angels assure them that he is risen from the dead; is risen by his own power. These angels from heaven bring not any new [[gospel]], but remind the women of [[Christ]]'s words, and teach them how to apply them. We may wonder that these disciples, who believed [[Jesus]] to be the Son of [[God]] and the true [[Messiah]], who had been so often told that he must die, and rise again, and then enter into his glory, who had seen him more than once raise the dead, yet should be so backward to believe his raising himself. But all our mistakes in [[religion]] spring from ignorance or forgetfulness of the words [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has spoken. [[ Peter]] now ran to the sepulchre, who so lately ran from his Master. He was amazed. There are many things puzzling and perplexing to us, which would be plain and profitable, if we rightly understood the words of [[Christ]].
'''Verses''' 13-27
This appearance of [[Jesus]] to the two disciples going to Emmaus, happened the same day that he rose from the dead. It well becomes the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to talk together of his [[death]] and resurrection; thus they may improve one another's knowledge, refresh one another's memory, and stir up each other's devout affections. And where but two together are well employed in work of that kind, he will come to them, and make a third. Those who seek [[Christ]], shall find him: he will manifest himself to those that inquire after him; and give knowledge to those who use the helps for knowledge which they have. No matter how it was, but so it was, they did not know him; he so ordering it, that they might the more freely discourse with him. [[Christ]]'s disciples are often sad and sorrowful, even when they have reason to [[rejoice]]; but through the weakness of their faith, they cannot take the comfort offered to them. Though [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is entered into his state of exaltation, yet he notices the sorrows of his disciples, and is afflicted in their afflictions. Those are strangers in [[Jerusalem]], that know not of the [[death]] and sufferings of [[Jesus]]. Those who have the knowledge of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] crucified, should seek to spread that knowledge. Our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] reproved them for the weakness of their [[faith]] in the Scriptures of the Old Testament. Did we know more of the [[Divine]] counsels as far as they are made known in the Scriptures, we should not be subject to the perplexities we often entangle ourselves in. He shows them that the sufferings of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] were really the appointed way to his glory; but the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was that to which they could not reconcile themselves. Beginning at [[Moses]], the first inspired writer of the Old Testament, [[Jesus]] expounded to them the things concerning himself. There are many passages throughout all the Scriptures concerning [[Christ]], which it is of great advantage to put together. We cannot go far in any part, but we meet with something that has reference to [[Christ]], some prophecy, some promise, some [[prayer]], some type or other. A golden thread of [[gospel]] [[grace]] runs through the whole web of the Old Testament. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the best expositor of Scripture; and even after his resurrection, he led people to know the mystery concerning himself, not by advancing new notions, but by showing how the Scripture was fulfilled, and turning them to the earnest study of it.
'''Verses''' 28-35
If we would have [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] dwell with us, we must be earnest with him. Those that have experienced the pleasure and profit of communion with him, cannot but desire more of his company. He took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. This he did with his usual authority and affection, with the same manner, perhaps with the same words. He here teaches us to crave a blessing on every meal. See how [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] by his [[Spirit]] and [[grace]] makes himself known to the souls of his people. He opens the Scriptures to them. He meets them at his table, in the ordinance of the [[Lord]]'s supper; is known to them in breaking of bread. But the work is completed by the opening of the eyes of their mind; yet it is but short views we have of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in this world, but when we enter heaven, we shall see him for ever. They had found the preaching powerful, even when they knew not the preacher. Those Scriptures which speak of [[Christ]], will warm the hearts of his true disciples. That is likely to do most good, which affects us with the [[love]] of [[Jesus]] in dying for us. It is the duty of those to whom he has shown himself, to let others know what he has done for their souls. It is of great use for the disciples of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] to compare their experiences, and tell them to each other.
'''Verses''' 36-49
[[Jesus]] appeared in a miraculous manner, assuring the disciples of his [[peace]], though they had so lately forsaken him, and promising spiritual [[peace]] with every blessing. Many troublesome thoughts which disquiet our minds, rise from mistakes concerning [[Christ]]. All the troublesome thoughts which rise in our hearts at any time, are known to the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and are displeasing to him. He spake with them on their unreasonable unbelief. Nothing had passed but what was foretold by the prophets, and necessary for the [[salvation]] of sinners. And now all men should be taught the nature and necessity of repentance, in order to the [[forgiveness]] of their sins. And these blessings were to be sought for, by [[faith]] in the name of [[Jesus]]. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] by his [[Spirit]] works on the minds of men. Even good men need to have their understandings opened. But that we may have right thoughts of [[Christ]], there needs no more than to be made to understand the Scriptures.
'''Verses''' 50-53
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] ascended from Bethany, near the Mount of Olives. There was the garden in which his sufferings began; there he was in his agony. Those that would go to heaven, must ascend thither from the house of sufferings and sorrows. The disciples did not see him rise out of the grave; his resurrection could be proved by their seeing him alive afterwards: but they saw him ascend into heaven; they could not otherwise have a proof of his ascension. He lifted up his hands, and blessed them. He did not go away in displeasure, but in love, he left a blessing behind him. As he arose, so he ascended, by his own power. They worshipped him. This fresh display of [[Christ]]'s [[glory]] drew from them fresh acknowledgments. They returned to [[Jerusalem]] with great joy. The [[glory]] of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the [[joy]] of all true [[believer]]s, even while they are here in this world. While waiting for [[God]]'s promises, we must go forth to meet them with our praises. And nothing better prepares the mind for receiving the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]]. Fears are silenced, sorrows sweetened and allayed, and hopes kept up. And this is the ground of a [[Christian]]'s boldness at the throne of grace; yea, the Father's throne is the throne of [[grace]] to us, because it is also the throne of our Mediator, [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Let us rely on his promises, and plead them. Let us attend his ordinances, praise and bless [[God]] for his mercies, set our affections on things above, and expect the [[Redeemer]]'s return to complete our happiness. [[Text:EBD:Amen|Amen]]. Even so, [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], come quickly.
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[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Gospel of Luke]]