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===[[English Reformation]]===
Unlike other reform movements, the English Reformation began by royal influence. Interestingly, [[Henry VIII]] was initially a strong defender of [[Roman Catholicism]], defending the [[papacy]] in his [[1521 AD]] work [[The Defense of the Seven Sacraments]]. For this he was awarded, by [[Pope Leo X]], the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith). However, the king came into conflict with the papacy when he wished to annul his marriage with [[Catherine of Aragon]], for which he needed papal sanction. Catherine was the aunt of Emperor [[Charles V]], the pope's most significant secular supporter. The ensuing dispute lead to a break from Rome and the declaration of the King of England as head of the English ([[Anglicanism|Anglican]]) Church. England then experienced a period of frenetic reforms, some more radical and others more traditional, under monarchs such as [[Edward VI]] and [[Elizabeth I]], and church leaders such as [[Thomas Cranmer]] and [[William Laud]]. What emerged was a state church that considered itself both "Reformed" and "Catholic" but not "Roman", along with other "unofficial" more radical movements such as the [[Puritanism|Puritans]].
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