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''Synopsis:'' {{Infobox_Contents |topic_name = The Perfect Tense is a tense of verbs in Koine Greek|subtopics = ... |opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} |}} ==Lesson==
{{opinions}}Verbs ending with '''τ''' or '''θ''' or '''δ''' or '''ζ''' drop the last letter before adding the κ
The ====Perfect Tense is a tense of verbs in Koine Greek.Active Infinitive==== ====Present Active Participle==== ===Passive Forms=== ====Perfect Passive (Or Middle) Indicative==== ====Perfect Passive Infinitive==== ====Present Passive (Or Middle) Participle====
Greek:Verbs - Perfect Tense moved to Koine Greek:Verbs - Perfect Tense: To get out of Greek Bible Namespace
The Perfect Tense is a tense of verbs in Koine Greek. It is usually used to show that a past event has occurred with present ongoing consequences. For example:* [[λελυκεν]] is translated as "he has destroyed* In [[John 11:27]], '''πεπιστευκα''' could be translated as '''I have believed, and still continue to believe''':''{{Bible verse|john|11|27|lang=Greek}}'':''{{Bible verse|john|11|27|lang=WEB}}'' As a general rule Perfect verbs should be translated using past tense English verbs preceded using the word "have" or "had" (for example: '''λελυκα''' = '''I have destroyed'''). This is in contrast to Aorist verbs, which should usually be translated using the simple past tense (for example: '''ελυσα''' = '''I destroyed''') and Imperfect verbs, which should usually be translated using the past tense of "to be" plus a participle (for example: '''ελυον''' = '''I was destroying'''). In most cases, the perfect form of a verb is created by adding a reduplication prefix (as shown below) added to the verbal stem, followed by a specific ending. ===Forming the Perfect Active Indicative=== Using the verb [[λυω]] (I destroy), the forms are* λελυκαν - First Person Singular Perfect Active Indicative - I have destroyed* λελυκας - Second Person Singular Perfect Active Indicative - You have destroyed* λελυκε(ν) - Third Person Singular Perfect Active Indicative - He has destroyed* λελυκαμεν -First Person Plural Perfect Active Indicative -We have destroyed* λελυκατε - Second Person Plural Perfect Active Indicative - You have destroyed* λελυκασι(ν) -Third Person Plural Perfect Active Indicative -They have destroyed __TOC__====Reduplication===={{topics}}A verb in the perfect tense begins with a prefix that is formed by taking the first letter of the verb (for example: λ in [[λυω]], and adding an ε). Hence the reduplication prefix for λυω is λε and the reduplication prefix for [[γραφω]] is γε. There are numerous exceptions to this rule. For certain starting letters of the verb, the reduplication prefix changes from what would be expected.* θ -> τε* χ -> κε* φ -> πε For many (but not all) verbs starting with σ, the reduplication is a single ε. This is not called an augment. For verbs starting with a vowel, the vowel lengthens, rather than reduplication occurring.* α -> η * ε -> η * ο -> ω * αι -> η * ει -> η * οι -> ω * αυ -> ηυ * ευ -> ηυ Some verbs are irregular. ====Ending with a κ==== Following the stem of the vowel is a κ which is then followed by the specific ending. Hence, a perfect active verb can be recognized by the presence of reduplication and a κ. For [[Koine Greek: Contract Verbs|contract verbs]] (εω, αω and οω verbs) the final vowel undergoes a lengthening prior to the κ+ending being added - α becomes η, ε becomes η and ο becomes ω
==Main article=Other Active Forms===
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{{returnto}} [[Koine Greek]] [[Category:Koine Greek]][[Category:Koine Greek: Verbs]]
