Death of Jesus

When they came to the place called the Skull, there they crucified Jesus... Luke 23:33

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Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem around the year 30 AD. In his death, the Bible tells us, he bore all the sins of mankind, so that we could be clean and without sin. His death is remembered on Good Friday but it is not the end of the story. Three days later he appeared to his disciples, risen from the dead and Christians believe that he is alive today.

Crucifixion of Jesus An image of Jesus on the cross.
RELATED TOPICS	Matthew 27, Mark 15, Luke 23, John 19 Good Friday, Cross, Atonement, Forgiveness Resurrection of Jesus Crucifixion
SERMONS, ESSAYS AND OPINIONS	Matthew 27 - Passionate Forgiveness (G.G.)
CONTENTS

Events leading up to Jesus' death

Human factors behind the crucifixion

The death of Jesus did not happen spontaneously. In many ways it was premeditated. During his ministry there was an increasing push by the religious and political leaders of the Jews to have him executed.

A major reason why the Jewish authorities wanted him dead was that they believed him to be guilty of blasphemy. This claim is directly acknowledged in John 10:33, Mark 2 and Mark 14:61-64. To the Jewish leaders, the fact that Jesus was placing himself equal with God was a very serious thing.

Another significant human reason for Jesus' death was the Pharisee's and Sadducee's increasing jealousy of Jesus. He was increasingly popular with the common people and they were not.

Although the Jews at the time of Jesus had a great expectation of a Messiah, they generally did not recognize Jesus as the Messiah. There was an expectation of a military leader who would overthrow the Romans and restore a mighty earthly kingdom. Jesus, instead, offered a picture of a suffering servant as the Messiah. This was something that the people did not expect, nor want, and this may have contributed to people plotting against Jesus. An example of this clash of expectations can be seen in John 6 where the people try to force Jesus to be king, but he does not accept this.

Human reasoning played a part in the rejection of Jesus. Leading Jews were worried about the loss of their political power - there is evidence that they felt that Jesus would stir up the Romans so that they would lose their place. This is noted in John 11:48-50, after the resurrection of Lazarus.

Leading Jews also hated that Jesus challenged their authority. For example, in Luke 19, Jesus challenged their authority when he over-turned tables in the Temple. This anger likely contributed to the plots against Jesus.

When Jesus was brought before Roman justice, Pilate's fear of an uprising led to his judgment of execution of justice. This is seen in Mark 15.

Christian understandings of God's reasons for the crucifixion of his Son

Christians understand that the death of Jesus was ultimately part of God's plan for the redemption of his people. In his death, Jesus fulfilled prophecy. In his death, he brought forgiveness, which can be understood from different perspectives from the Gospels

• Sacrificial - Matthew 26 - "poured out for the forgiveness of sins"
• Ransom - Mark 14:25 - "ransom for many"
• Substitutionary atonement - John 10 - "lay down his life for his sheep"
• Draw all men to Jesus - John 12

Jesus' death also has eschatological significance, where it ushers in the Kingdom of God (Mark 14:25).

Jesus before Pilate

Jesus before Herod

Jesus being tortured

Carrying the cross

The thieves being crucified

Words of Jesus on the cross

The curtain in the temple

Jesus dying

Evidence of the death of Jesus

Resurrection of Jesus

Prophecy in the Old Testament

The death of Jesus is foretold in the Old Testament. As early as the book of Genesis there are hints of it. Abraham is told by God that it is through his children, all people of the world will be saved. More explicit prophecies can be found in the wisdom and prophetic books, especially in Psalms and the Book of Isaiah. Isaiah 53 is a beautiful and well-known passage in which the life and death of Jesus and its meaning is foretold.

Text

The story is told in all the gospel accounts. It can be found in Matthew 27, Mark 15, Luke 23 and John 19. Below is the text from Matthew 27

Matthew 27 - Versions
Matthew 27 Text (WEB) Now when morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death: and they bound him, and led him away, and delivered him up to Pontius Pilate, the governor. Then Judas, who betrayed him, when he saw that Jesus was condemned, felt remorse, and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, saying, "I have sinned in that I betrayed innocent blood." But they said, "What is that to us? You see to it." He threw down the pieces of silver in the sanctuary, and departed. He went away and hanged himself. The chief priests took the pieces of silver, and said, "It's not lawful to put them into the treasury, since it is the price of blood." They took counsel, and bought the potter's field with them, to bury strangers in. Therefore that field was called "The Field of Blood" to this day. Then that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying, "They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him upon whom a price had been set, whom some of the children of Israel priced, and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord commanded me." Now Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, "Are you the King of the Jews?" Jesus said to him, "So you say." When he was accused by the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing. Then Pilate said to him, "Don't you hear how many things they testify against you?" He gave him no answer, not even one word, so that the governor marveled greatly. Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release to the multitude one prisoner, whom they desired. They had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. When therefore they were gathered together, Pilate said to them, "Whom do you want me to release to you? Barabbas, or Jesus, who is called Christ?" For he knew that because of envy they had delivered him up. While he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent to him, saying, "Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him." Now the chief priests and the elders persuaded the multitudes to ask for Barabbas, and destroy Jesus. But the governor answered them, "Which of the two do you want me to release to you?" They said, "Barabbas!" Pilate said to them, "What then shall I do to Jesus, who is called Christ?" They all said to him, "Let him be crucified!" But the governor said, "Why? What evil has he done?" But they cried out exceedingly, saying, "Let him be crucified!" So when Pilate saw that nothing was being gained, but rather that a disturbance was starting, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, "I am innocent of the blood of this righteous person. You see to it." All the people answered, "May his blood be on us, and on our children!" Then he released to them Barabbas, but Jesus he flogged and delivered to be crucified. Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium, and gathered the whole garrison together against him. They stripped him, and put a scarlet robe on him. They braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand; and they kneeled down before him, and mocked him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!" They spat on him, and took the reed and struck him on the head. When they had mocked him, they took the robe off of him, and put his clothes on him, and led him away to crucify him. As they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name, and they compelled him to go with them, that he might carry his cross. They came to a place called "Golgotha," that is to say, "The place of a skull." They gave him sour wine to drink mixed with gall. When he had tasted it, he would not drink. When they had crucified him, they divided his clothing among them, casting lots, and they sat and watched him there. They set up over his head the accusation against him written, "THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS." Then there were two robbers crucified with him, one on his right hand and one on the left. Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, and saying, "You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!" Likewise the chief priests also mocking, with the scribes, the Pharisees, and the elders, said, "He saved others, but he can't save himself. If he is the King of Israel, let him come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him. He trusts in God. Let God deliver him now, if he wants him; for he said, 'I am the Son of God.'" The robbers also who were crucified with him cast on him the same reproach. Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. About the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lima sabachthani?" That is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" Some of them who stood there, when they heard it, said, "This man is calling Elijah." Immediately one of them ran, and took a sponge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him a drink. The rest said, "Let him be. Let's see whether Elijah comes to save him." Jesus cried again with a loud voice, and yielded up his spirit. Behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom. The earth quaked and the rocks were split. The tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised; and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection, they entered into the holy city and appeared to many. Now the centurion, and those who were with him watching Jesus, when they saw the earthquake, and the things that were done, feared exceedingly, saying, "Truly this was the Son of God." Many women were there watching from afar, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, serving him. Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. When evening had come, a rich man from Arimathaea, named Joseph, who himself was also Jesus' disciple came. This man went to Pilate, and asked for Jesus' body. Then Pilate commanded the body to be given up. Joseph took the body, and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut out in the rock, and he rolled a great stone to the door of the tomb, and departed. Mary Magdalene was there, and the other Mary, sitting opposite the tomb. Now on the next day, which was the day after the Preparation Day, the chief priests and the Pharisees were gathered together to Pilate, saying, "Sir, we remember what that deceiver said while he was still alive: 'After three days I will rise again.' Command therefore that the tomb be made secure until the third day, lest perhaps his disciples come at night and steal him away, and tell the people, 'He is risen from the dead;' and the last deception will be worse than the first." Pilate said to them, "You have a guard. Go, make it as secure as you can." So they went with the guard and made the tomb secure, sealing the stone.
Matthew 27 Text (Hebrew) ויהי לפנות הבקר ויתיעצו כל ראשי הכהנים וזקני העם על ישוע להמיתו׃ ויאסרו אתו ויוליכהו משם וימסרהו אל פונטיוס פילטוס ההגמון׃ וירא יהודה המסר אותו כי הרשיעהו וינחם וישב את שלשים הכסף אל הכהנים הגדולים והזקנים לאמר׃ חטאתי כי דם נקי הסגרתי והם אמרו מה לנו ולזאת אתה תראה׃ וישלך את הכסף אל ההיכל ויפן וילך ויחנק׃ ויקחו ראשי הכהנים את הכסף ויאמרו לא נכון לנו לתתו אל ארון הקרבן כי מחיר דמים הוא׃ ויתיעצו ויקנו בו את שדה היוצר לקבורת הגרים׃ על כן שם השדה ההוא שדה הדם עד היום הזה׃ אז נתמלא מה שנאמר ביד ירמיה הנביא ויקחו שלשים הכסף אדר היקר אשר יקר מעל בני ישראל׃ ויתנו אתם אל שדה היוצר כאשר צוני יהוה׃ וישוע העמד לפני ההגמון וישאלהו ההגמון לאמר האתה הוא מלך היהודים ויאמר ישוע אתה אמרת׃ וידברו עליו שטנה הכהנים הגדולים והזקנים והוא לא ענה דבר׃ ויאמר אליו פילטוס האינך שמע כמה הם מעידים בך׃ ולא ענהו אף דבר אחד ויתמה ההגמון עד מאד׃ ומנהג ההגמון היה לפטר לעם בכל חג אסיר אחד את אשר יחפצו׃ ובעת ההיא היה להם אסיר ידוע ושמו בר אבא׃ ויהי כאשר נקהלו ויאמר אליהם פילטוס את מי תחפצו כי אפטר לכם את בר אבא או את ישוע הנקרא בשם משיח׃ כי ידע אשר רק מקנאה מסרו אתו׃ ויהי כשבתו על כסא הדין ותשלח אליו אשתו לאמר אל יהי לך דבר עם הצדיק הזה כי בעבורו עניתי הרבה היום בחלום׃ והכהנים הגדולים והזקנים פתו את המון העם לשאל להם את בר אבא ולאבד את ישוע׃ ויען ההגמון ויאמר אליהם את מי משניהם תחפצו כי אפטר לכם ויאמרו את בר אבא׃ ויאמר אליהם פילטוס ומה אעשה לישוע הנקרא בשם משיח ויענו כלם יצלב׃ ויאמר ההגמון מה אפוא הרעה אשר עשה ויוסיפו עוד צעק לאמר יצלב׃ ויהי כראות פילטוס כי לא יועיל מאומה ורבתה עוד המהודה ויקח מים וירחץ את ידיו לעיני העם ויאמר נקי אנכי מדם הצדיק הזה אתם תראו׃ ויענו כל העם ויאמרו דמו עלינו ועל בנינו׃ אז פטר להם את בר אבא ואת ישוע הכה בשוטים וימסר אותו להצלב׃ ויקחו אנשי הצבא אשר להגמון את ישוע ויביאהו אל בית המשפט ויאספו עליו את כל הגדוד׃ ויפשיטו אותו את בגדיו ויעטפהו מעיל שני׃ וישרגו קצים ויעשו עטרת וישימו על ראשו וקנה בימינו ויכרעו לפניו ויתלוצצו בו לאמר שלום לך מלך היהודים׃ וירקו בו ויקחו את הקנה ויכהו על ראשו׃ ואחרי התלוצצם בו הפשיטו אותו את המעיל וילבישהו את בגדיו ויוליכהו לצלב׃ ויהי בצאתם וימצאו איש קוריני ושמו שמעון ויאנסו אתו לשאת לו את צלבו׃ ויבאו אל המקום הנקרא גלגלתא הוא מקום גלגלת׃ ויתנו לו לשתות חמץ מזוג במרורה ויטעם ולא אבה לשתות׃ ויהי כאשר צלבו אותו ויחלקו להם את בגדיו וגורל הפילו למלאת את אשר נאמר בפי הנביא יחלקו בגדי להם ועל לבושי יפילו גורל׃ וישבו שמה וישמרו אותו׃ וישימו את דבר אשמתו כתוב ממעל לראשו זה הוא ישוע מלך היהודים׃ ויצלבו אתו שני פריצים אחד לימינו ואחד לשמאלו׃ והעברים גדפו אותו ויניעו את ראשם׃ ויאמרו אתה ההרס את ההיכל ובנהו בשלשת ימים הושע לנפשך ואם בן האלהים אתה רדה מן הצלב׃ וכן הלעיגו גם ראשי הכהנים עם הסופרים והזקנים לאמר׃ את אחרים הושיע ולעצמו לא יוכל להושיע אם מלך ישראל הוא ירד נא עתה מן הצלב ונאמין בו׃ בטח באלהים עתה יפלטהו אם חפץ בו כי אמר בן האלהים אני׃ וגם הפריצים הנצלבים אתו חרפהו כדברים האלה׃ ומשעה הששית היה חשך על כל הארץ עד השעה התשיעית׃ וכעת השעה התשיעית ויצעק ישוע בקול גדול אלי אלי למה שבקתני ותרגומו אלי אלי למה עזבתני׃ ויאמרו מקצת העמדים שם כשמעם את זאת לאמר אל אליהו הוא קורא׃ וימהר אחד מהם וירץ ויקח ספוג וימלא אתו חמץ וישימהו על קנה וישקהו׃ ושאר האנשים אמרו הניחו לו ונראה אם יבוא אליהו להושיעו׃ וישוע הוסיף לקרא בקול גדול ותצא רוחו׃ והנה נקרעה פרכת ההיכל מלמעלה למטה לשנים קרעים והארץ נרעשה והסלעים נבקעו׃ והקברים נפתחו ורבים מגופות הקדושים ישני אדמת עפר נעורו׃ ויצאו מן הקברים אחרי הקיצו ויבאו אל העיר הקדושה ויראו לרבים׃ ושר המאה והאנשים אשר אתו השמרים את ישוע כראותם את הרעש ואת אשר נהיתה נבהלו מאד ויאמרו אכן זה היה בן אלהים׃ ותהיינה שם נשים רבות הראות מרחוק אשר הלכו אחרי ישוע מן הגליל לשרתו׃ ובתוכן מרים המגדלית ומרים אם יעקב ויוסי ואם בני זבדי׃ ויהי בערב ויבא איש עשיר מן הרמתים ושמו יוסף וגם הוא היה מתלמידי ישוע׃ ויגש אל פילטוס לשאל את גוית ישוע ויצו פליטוס כי תנתן לו׃ ויקח יוסף את הגויה ויכרך אותה בסדין טהור׃ וישימה בקבר החדש אשר חצב לו בסלע ויגל אבן גדולה על פתח הקבר וילך לו׃ ומרים המגדלית ומרים האחרת היו ישבות שם ממול הקבר׃ ויהי ממחרת ערב השבת ויקהלו הכהנים הגדולים והפרושים אל פילטוס׃ ויאמרו אדנינו זכרנו כי אמר המתעה ההוא בעודנו חי מקצה שלשת ימים קום אקום׃ לכן צוה נא ויסכר מבוא הקבר עד היום השלישי פן יבאו תלמידיו בלילה וגנבהו ואמרו אל העם הנה קם מן המתים והיתה התרמית האחרונה רעה מן הראשונה׃ ויאמר אליהם פילטוס הנה לכם אנשי משמר לכו סכרוהו כדעתכם׃ וילכו ויסכרו את מבוא הקבר ויחתמו את האבן ויעמידו עליו את המשמר׃
Matthew 27 Text (Greek) πρωιας δε γενομενης συμβουλιον ελαβον παντες οι αρχιερεις και οι πρεσβυτεροι του λαου κατα του ιησου ωστε θανατωσαι αυτον και δησαντες αυτον απηγαγον και παρεδωκαν πιλατω τω ηγεμονι τοτε ιδων ιουδας ο αυτον οτι κατεκριθη μεταμεληθεις εστρεψεν τα τριακοντα αργυρια τοις αρχιερευσιν και πρεσβυτεροις λεγων ημαρτον παραδους αιμα οι δε ειπαν τι προς ημας συ οψη και ριψας τα αργυρια εις τον ναον ανεχωρησεν και απελθων απηγξατο οι δε αρχιερεις λαβοντες τα αργυρια ειπαν ουκ εξεστιν βαλειν αυτα εις τον κορβαναν επει τιμη αιματος εστιν συμβουλιον δε λαβοντες ηγορασαν εξ αυτων τον αγρον του κεραμεως εις ταφην τοις ξενοις διο εκληθη ο αγρος εκεινος αγρος αιματος εως της σημερον τοτε επληρωθη το ρηθεν δια ιερεμιου του προφητου λεγοντος και ελαβον τα τριακοντα αργυρια την τιμην του τετιμημενου ον ετιμησαντο απο υιων ισραηλ και εδωκαν αυτα εις τον αγρον του κεραμεως καθα συνεταξεν μοι κυριος ο δε ιησους εσταθη εμπροσθεν του ηγεμονος και επηρωτησεν αυτον ο ηγεμων λεγων συ ει ο βασιλευς των ιουδαιων ο δε ιησους εφη συ λεγεις και εν τω κατηγορεισθαι αυτον υπο των αρχιερεων και πρεσβυτερων ουδεν απεκρινατο τοτε λεγει αυτω ο πιλατος ουκ ακουεις ποσα σου καταμαρτυρουσιν και ουκ απεκριθη αυτω προς ουδε εν ρημα ωστε θαυμαζειν τον ηγεμονα λιαν κατα δε εορτην ειωθει ο ηγεμων απολυειν ενα τω οχλω δεσμιον ον ηθελον ειχον δε τοτε δεσμιον επισημον λεγομενον βαραββαν συνηγμενων ουν αυτων ειπεν αυτοις ο πιλατος τινα θελετε απολυσω υμιν βαραββαν η ιησουν τον λεγομενον χριστον ηδει γαρ οτι δια φθονον παρεδωκαν αυτον καθημενου δε αυτου επι του βηματος απεστειλεν προς αυτον η γυνη αυτου λεγουσα μηδεν σοι και τω δικαιω εκεινω πολλα γαρ επαθον σημερον κατ οναρ δι αυτον οι δε αρχιερεις και οι πρεσβυτεροι επεισαν τους οχλους ινα αιτησωνται τον βαραββαν τον δε ιησουν απολεσωσιν αποκριθεις δε ο ηγεμων ειπεν αυτοις τινα θελετε απο των δυο απολυσω υμιν οι δε ειπαν τον βαραββαν λεγει αυτοις ο πιλατος τι ουν ποιησω ιησουν τον λεγομενον χριστον λεγουσιν παντες σταυρωθητω ο δε εφη τι γαρ κακον εποιησεν οι δε περισσως εκραζον λεγοντες σταυρωθητω ιδων δε ο πιλατος οτι ουδεν ωφελει αλλα μαλλον θορυβος γινεται λαβων υδωρ απενιψατο τας χειρας του οχλου λεγων αθωος ειμι απο του αιματος τουτου υμεις οψεσθε και αποκριθεις πας ο λαος ειπεν το αιμα αυτου εφ ημας και επι τα τεκνα ημων τοτε απελυσεν αυτοις τον βαραββαν τον δε ιησουν φραγελλωσας παρεδωκεν ινα σταυρωθη τοτε οι στρατιωται του ηγεμονος παραλαβοντες τον ιησουν εις το πραιτωριον συνηγαγον επ αυτον ολην την σπειραν και εκδυσαντες αυτον χλαμυδα κοκκινην περιεθηκαν αυτω και πλεξαντες στεφανον εξ ακανθων επεθηκαν επι της κεφαλης αυτου και καλαμον εν τη δεξια αυτου και γονυπετησαντες εμπροσθεν αυτου ενεπαιξαν αυτω λεγοντες χαιρε βασιλευ των ιουδαιων και εμπτυσαντες εις αυτον ελαβον τον καλαμον και ετυπτον εις την κεφαλην αυτου και οτε ενεπαιξαν αυτω εξεδυσαν αυτον την χλαμυδα και ενεδυσαν αυτον τα ιματια αυτου και απηγαγον αυτον εις το σταυρωσαι εξερχομενοι δε ευρον ανθρωπον κυρηναιον ονοματι σιμωνα τουτον ηγγαρευσαν ινα αρη τον σταυρον αυτου και ελθοντες εις τοπον λεγομενον γολγοθα ο εστιν κρανιου τοπος λεγομενος εδωκαν αυτω πιειν οινον μετα χολης μεμιγμενον και γευσαμενος ουκ ηθελησεν πιειν σταυρωσαντες δε αυτον διεμερισαντο τα ιματια αυτου βαλλοντες κληρον και καθημενοι ετηρουν αυτον εκει και επεθηκαν επανω της κεφαλης αυτου την αιτιαν αυτου γεγραμμενην ουτος εστιν ιησους ο βασιλευς των ιουδαιων τοτε σταυρουνται συν αυτω δυο λησται εις εκ δεξιων και εις εξ ευωνυμων οι δε παραπορευομενοι εβλασφημουν αυτον κινουντες τας κεφαλας αυτων και λεγοντες ο καταλυων τον ναον και εν τρισιν ημεραις οικοδομων σωσον σεαυτον ει υιος ει του θεου καταβηθι απο του σταυρου ομοιως οι αρχιερεις εμπαιζοντες μετα των γραμματεων και πρεσβυτερων ελεγον αλλους εσωσεν εαυτον ου δυναται σωσαι βασιλευς ισραηλ εστιν καταβατω νυν απο του σταυρου και πιστευσομεν επ αυτον πεποιθεν επι τον θεον ρυσασθω νυν ει θελει αυτον ειπεν γαρ οτι θεου ειμι υιος το δ αυτο και οι λησται οι συσταυρωθεντες συν αυτω ωνειδιζον αυτον απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας ενατης περι δε την ενατην ωραν ο ιησους φωνη μεγαλη λεγων λεμα σαβαχθανι τουτ εστιν θεε μου θεε μου ινα τι με εγκατελιπες τινες δε των εκει εστηκοτων ακουσαντες ελεγον οτι ηλιαν φωνει ουτος και ευθεως δραμων εις εξ αυτων και λαβων σπογγον πλησας τε οξους και περιθεις καλαμω εποτιζεν αυτον οι δε λοιποι αφες ιδωμεν ει ερχεται ηλιας σωσων αυτον [[Greek:{VAR1:|{VAR1:]] ο δε ιησους παλιν κραξας φωνη μεγαλη αφηκεν το πνευμα και ιδου το καταπετασμα του ναου εσχισθη ανωθεν εως κατω εις δυο και η γη εσεισθη και αι πετραι εσχισθησαν και τα μνημεια ανεωχθησαν και πολλα σωματα των κεκοιμημενων αγιων ηγερθησαν και εξελθοντες εκ των μνημειων μετα την εγερσιν αυτου εισηλθον εις την αγιαν πολιν και ενεφανισθησαν πολλοις ο δε εκατονταρχος και οι μετ αυτου τηρουντες τον ιησουν ιδοντες τον σεισμον και τα εφοβηθησαν σφοδρα λεγοντες αληθως θεου υιος ην ουτος ησαν δε εκει γυναικες πολλαι απο μακροθεν θεωρουσαι αιτινες ηκολουθησαν τω ιησου απο της γαλιλαιας διακονουσαι αυτω εν αις ην μαρια η μαγδαληνη και μαρια η του ιακωβου και ιωσηφ μητηρ και η μητηρ των υιων ζεβεδαιου οψιας δε γενομενης ηλθεν ανθρωπος πλουσιος απο αριμαθαιας τουνομα ιωσηφ ος και αυτος εμαθητευθη τω ιησου ουτος προσελθων τω πιλατω ητησατο το σωμα του ιησου τοτε ο πιλατος εκελευσεν αποδοθηναι και λαβων το σωμα ο ιωσηφ ενετυλιξεν αυτο σινδονι καθαρα και εθηκεν αυτο εν τω καινω αυτου μνημειω ο ελατομησεν εν τη πετρα και προσκυλισας λιθον μεγαν τη θυρα του μνημειου απηλθεν ην δε εκει μαριαμ η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια καθημεναι απεναντι του ταφου τη δε επαυριον ητις εστιν μετα την παρασκευην συνηχθησαν οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι προς πιλατον λεγοντες κυριε εμνησθημεν οτι εκεινος ο πλανος ειπεν ετι ζων μετα τρεις ημερας εγειρομαι κελευσον ουν ασφαλισθηναι τον ταφον εως της τριτης ημερας μηποτε ελθοντες οι μαθηται κλεψωσιν αυτον και ειπωσιν τω λαω ηγερθη απο των νεκρων και εσται η εσχατη πλανη χειρων της πρωτης εφη αυτοις ο πιλατος εχετε κουστωδιαν υπαγετε ασφαλισασθε ως οιδατε οι δε πορευθεντες ησφαλισαντο τον ταφον σφραγισαντες τον λιθον μετα της κουστωδιας
Matthew 27 Text (Latin) Mane autem facto, consilium inierunt omnes principes sacerdotum et seniores populi adversus Jesum, ut eum morti traderent. Et vinctum adduxerunt eum, et tradiderunt Pontio Pilato præsidi. Tunc videns Judas, qui eum tradidit, quod damnatus esset, pœnitentia ductus, retulit triginta argenteos principibus sacerdotum, et senioribus, dicens : Peccavi, tradens sanguinem justum. At illi dixerunt : Quid ad nos ? tu videris. Et projectis argenteis in templo, recessit : et abiens laqueo se suspendit. Principes autem sacerdotum, acceptis argenteis, dixerunt : Non licet eos mittere in corbonam : quia pretium sanguinis est. Consilio autem inito, emerunt ex illis agrum figuli, in sepulturam peregrinorum. Propter hoc vocatus est ager ille, Haceldama, hoc est, Ager sanguinis, usque in hodiernum diem. Tunc impletum est quod dictum est per Jeremiam prophetam, dicentem : Et acceperunt triginta argenteos pretium appretiati, quem appretiaverunt a filiis Israël : et dederunt eos in agrum figuli, sicut constituit mihi Dominus. Jesus autem stetit ante præsidem, et interrogavit eum præses, dicens : Tu es rex Judæorum ? Dicit illi Jesus : Tu dicis. Et cum accusaretur a principibus sacerdotum et senioribus, nihil respondit. Tunc dicit illi Pilatus : Non audis quanta adversum te dicunt testimonia ? Et non respondit ei ad ullum verbum, ita ut miraretur præses vehementer. Per diem autem solemnem consueverat præses populi dimittere unum vinctum, quem voluissent : habebat autem tunc vinctum insignem, qui dicebatur Barrabas. Congregatis ergo illis, dixit Pilatus : Quem vultis dimittam vobis : Barabbam, an Jesum, qui dicitur Christus ? Sciebat enim quod per invidiam tradidissent eum. Sedente autem illo pro tribunali, misit ad eum uxor ejus, dicens : Nihil tibi, et justo illi : multa enim passa sum hodie per visum propter eum. Principes autem sacerdotum et seniores persuaserunt populis ut peterent Barabbam, Jesum vero perderent. Respondens autem præses, ait illis : Quem vultis vobis de duobus dimitti ? At illi dixerunt : Barabbam. Dicit illis Pilatus : Quid igitur faciam de Jesu, qui dicitur Christus ? Dicunt omnes : Crucifigatur. Ait illis præses : Quid enim mali fecit ? At illi magis clamabant dicentes : Crucifigatur. Videns autem Pilatus quia nihil proficeret, sed magis tumultus fieret : accepta aqua, lavit manus coram populo, dicens : Innocens ego sum a sanguine justi hujus : vos videritis. Et respondens universus populus, dixit : Sanguis ejus super nos, et super filios nostros. Tunc dimisit illis Barabbam : Jesum autem flagellatum tradidit eis ut crucifigeretur. Tunc milites præsidis suscipientes Jesum in prætorium, congregaverunt ad eum universam cohortem : et exeuntes eum, chlamydem coccineam circumdederunt ei, et plectentes coronam de spinis, posuerunt super caput ejus, et arundinem in dextera ejus. Et genu flexo ante eum, illudebant ei, dicentes : Ave rex Judæorum. Et exspuentes in eum, acceperunt arundinem, et percutiebant caput ejus. Et postquam illuserunt ei, exuerunt eum chlamyde, et induerunt eum vestimentis ejus, et duxerunt eum ut crucifigerent. Exeuntes autem invenerunt hominem Cyrenæum, nomine Simonem : hunc angariaverunt ut tolleret crucem ejus. Et venerunt in locum qui dicitur Golgotha, quod est Calvariæ locus. Et dederunt ei vinum bibere cum felle mistum. Et cum gustasset, noluit bibere. Postquam autem crucifixerunt eum, diviserunt vestimenta ejus, sortem mittentes : ut impleretur quod dictum est per prophetam dicentem : Diviserunt sibi vestimenta mea, et super vestem meam miserunt sortem. Et sedentes servabant eum. Et imposuerunt super caput ejus causam ipsius scriptam : Hic est Jesus rex Judæorum. Tunc crucifixi sunt cum eo duo latrones : unus a dextris, et unus a sinistris. Prætereuntes autem blasphemabant eum moventes capita sua, et dicentes : Vah qui destruis templum Dei, et in triduo illud reædificas : salva temetipsum : si Filius Dei es, descende de cruce. Similiter et principes sacerdotum illudentes cum scribis et senioribus dicebant : Alios salvos fecit, seipsum non potest salvum facere : si rex Israël est, descendat nunc de cruce, et credimus ei : confidit in Deo : liberet nunc, si vult eum : dixit enim : Quia Filius Dei sum. Idipsum autem et latrones, qui crucifixi erant cum eo, improperabant ei. A sexta autem hora tenebræ factæ sunt super universam terram usque ad horam nonam. Et circa horam nonam clamavit Jesus voce magna, dicens : Eli, Eli, lamma sabacthani ? hoc est : Deus meus, Deus meus, ut quid dereliquisti me ? Quidam autem illic stantes, et audientes, dicebant : Eliam vocat iste. Et continuo currens unus ex eis, acceptam spongiam implevit aceto, et imposuit arundini, et dabat ei bibere. Ceteri vero dicebant : Sine, videamus an veniat Elias liberans eum. Jesus autem iterum clamans voce magna, emisit spiritum. Et ecce velum templi scissum est in duas partes a summo usque deorsum : et terra mota est, et petræ scissæ sunt, et monumenta aperta sunt : et multa corpora sanctorum, qui dormierant, surrexerunt. Et exeuntes de monumentis post resurrectionem ejus, venerunt in sanctam civitatem, et apparuerunt multis. Centurio autem, et qui cum eo erant, custodientes Jesum, viso terræmotu, et his quæ fiebant, timuerunt valde, dicentes : Vere Filius Dei erat iste. Erant autem ibi mulieres multæ a longe, quæ secutæ erant Jesum a Galilæa, ministrantes ei : inter quas erat Maria Magdalene, et Maria Jacobi, et Joseph mater, et mater filiorum Zebedæi. Cum autem sero factum esset, venit quidam homo dives ab Arimathæa, nomine Joseph, qui et ipse discipulus erat Jesu : hic accessit ad Pilatum, et petiit corpus Jesu. Tunc Pilatus jussit reddi corpus. Et accepto corpore, Joseph involvit illud in sindone munda, et posuit illud in monumento suo novo, quod exciderat in petra. Et advolvit saxum magnum ad ostium monumenti, et abiit. Erant autem ibi Maria Magdalene, et altera Maria, sedentes contra sepulchrum. Altera autem die, quæ est post Parasceven, convenerunt principes sacerdotum et pharisæi ad Pilatum, dicentes : Domine, recordati sumus, quia seductor ille dixit adhuc vivens : Post tres dies resurgam. Jube ergo custodiri sepulchrum usque in diem tertium : ne forte veniant discipuli ejus, et furentur eum, et dicant plebi : Surrexit a mortuis : et erit novissimus error pejor priore. Ait illis Pilatus : Habetis custodiam, ite, custodite sicut scitis. Illi autem abeuntes, munierunt sepulchrum, signantes lapidem, cum custodibus.
Matthew 27 Text (KJV) When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death: And when they had bound him, they led him away, and delivered him to Pontius Pilate the governor. Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And they said, What is that to us? see thou to that. And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself. And the chief priests took the silver pieces, and said, It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood. And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in. Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this day. Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying, And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him that was valued, whom they of the children of Israel did value; And gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord appointed me. And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou sayest. And when he was accused of the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing. Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they witness against thee? And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly. Now at that feast the governor was wont to release unto the people a prisoner, whom they would. And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. Therefore when they were gathered together, Pilate said unto them, Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus which is called Christ? For he knew that for envy they had delivered him. When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man: for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him. But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask Barabbas, and destroy Jesus. The governor answered and said unto them, Whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you? They said, Barabbas. Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him, Let him be crucified. And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it. Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and on our children. Then released he Barabbas unto them: and when he had scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified. Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers. And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews! And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head. And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him. And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross. And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink. And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots. And sitting down they watched him there; And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left. And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads, And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross. Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said, He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him. He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God. The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same in his teeth. Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias. And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink. The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him. Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost. And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose, And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many. Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God. And many women were there beholding afar off, which followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him: Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedee's children. When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple: He went to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body to be delivered. And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed. And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre. Now the next day, that followed the day of the preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate, Saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I will rise again. Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first. Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as sure as ye can. So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting a watch.

Contents

Quotes

An extract from Bruce Barton's book The Man Nobody Knows

On a barren hill beyond the city walls they nailed His body to the cross. Two robbers were crucified with Him. It was over. The rabble sickened quickly of its revenge and scattered; His friends were hiding; the soldiers were busy casting lots for His garments. There was nothing left of those external influences which fire men's imaginations. Surely the victory of His enemies was complete. And yet - the lasting victory was His. "The man who loses his life," Jesus said, "shall find it."

Calvin, commentary on the Gospel of John vol2, on Jn 13:31.

... in the cross of Christ, as in a magnificent theater, the inestimable goodness of God is displayed before the whole world.

An extract from I will love you for the cross by Matt Redman

Jesus Christ the sinner's friend.

Does this kindness know no bounds?

With your precious blood you have purchased me

Oh the mystery of the cross

You were punished, you were crushed

But that punishment has become my peace

Yes that punishment has become my peace

And I love you for the cross

I'm overwhelmed by the mystery

I love you for the cost

That Jesus you would do this for me

When you were broken, you were beaten

You were punished, I go free

When you were wounded and rejected

In your mercy I am healed

Links

• Wikipedia - Death and Resurrection of Jesus
• Theopedia - Atonement of Christ

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